小学语文教研工作计划12

1、虚拟语气 一、虚拟条件句 条件句分两种：一种是真实条件句，一种是虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句，即指在一个虚拟假想的条件下来描述说话人想象的、非真实的情景，这些情景是不可能发生的，与客观事实相反。在这种条件句中，从句和主句都要用虚拟语气。虚拟条件句一般用if，unless (if not)，lest来引导。 表示虚拟的时间 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 would/should/might/could + do 现在 过去式did would/should/might/could + have done had done 过去完成时过去 would/should/might/could + do w

2、ere to do/should do 将来 If I have enough money, I will go to the zoo with you. If I had enough money, I would go to the zoo with you. If I had had enough money, I would have gone to the zoo with you. If I should have enough money, I would go to the zoo with you. If you were to examine the birth certi

3、ficates of every soccer player in 2006s World Cup Tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are most likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippe

4、rs who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping the line. 二、wish、if only的虚拟用法 （wish引导宾语从句，if only引导感叹句） 与现在相反 过去式did If only ( = I wish) my friend was healthy! If only ( = I wish) he had talked过去完

5、成时had done to her sooner! 与过去相反Ifonly(=Iwish)theywouldstomakingwould do与将来相过去将来nuclear bombs!At the second home, the son of the other woman who had gone said, “If only I hadnt insiste on my mothers going to Florida, she would be alive today.” 三、would rather引导的宾语从句的虚拟用法 would rather意为“宁愿、宁可”，其后的宾语从句用

6、虚拟语气。would rather有时也写作would sooner，would just as soon。 与现在或将来相反 过去式did Id rather you were not involved in the case. I过去完成时had done 与过去相反d rather that you hadnt told me about it. 1 四、as if、as though引导的方式状语从句 Summer as it is, it seems as if it were did 与现在相反 过去式spring. Nobody ever touched this machine

7、 but it had done 过去完成时与过去相反 operates as if it had been repaired. Some days go by much more quickly than 表示将来的可能性不大 过去将来时would do others. Some hours seem as if hey would never end. If I correct someone, I will do it with as much good humor and self-restraint as if I were the one being corrected. Many

8、 immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt as if they were being treated like disposable goods. as if / as though 也可不用于虚拟语气，而用陈述语气，表示事实有很大的可能性。这种情况常用在look, seem, appear, taste, smell, sound等后。 It seems as if the boy has lost his way. There were clouds in the sky; it

9、 looks as if it is going to rain. 五、建议性虚拟语气 建议性虚拟语气以suggest的用法为典型代表，用于表示建议、要求、命令等语气。其形式采用should + 动词原形，其中should可省略。 We desire that the tour leader inform desire, prefer; desirable, preferable; desire, us immediately of any change in 表愿望preference, wish, hope plans. advise, propose, suggest, recommen

10、d; He suggested we go to tomorrows advisable, proposed, suggestive; advice, 表建议 exhibition together. proposal, suggestion, motion request, maintain, oblige, ask, beg, insist,thathe(should)surge;insistent,urgent,requested;Mikuncleinsistsrequire,请 in this hotel.insistence,maintenances,request,not star

11、equirement, urge, petitionAs Commander-in-chief of the armedcommand,decree,dictate,direct,order,表命allIhavedirectedthatstipulate;command,decree,dictation,forces, for our defense.direction, order, stipulationmeasuresbe takedecisive,determine,resolve;decide,besmokingnoItisdecidedthat表决resolved,decided;

12、decision,determination, in the classroom.alloweresolution),intend,arrange,deserve,motionleavhasbeenarrangedthattheyIt表其promising,arranged,inevitable;promise;the following day.arrangement, intention, promiseRecentcourtdecisionshaveconfirmedtherightofallchildrendisabledornottoan appropriate education,

13、 and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. 2 Smith recommends that, whenever possible, you schedule a dental appointment or other discomforting events in the morning so you dont spend the whole day worrying about it. The suggestion that the mayor should

14、 present the prizes was accepted by everyone. 补充拓展： Suggest当“建议”讲时，后面的宾语从句要Her face suggested (表明) that she was ill. So I suggested (建议）that she should be sent用虚拟语气；当“暗示”、“略微透露”、“表 to the nearest hospital immediately. 明”讲时，后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气 Insist当“坚决要求”、“硬要”讲时，后面Tom insisted (坚决要求) Mike should apologiz

15、e 的宾语从句用虚拟语气。当“坚持说”讲时，to his teacher, but Mike insisted (坚持说) that he 不用虚拟语气。 was not wrong at all. Theories concerning the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior thro

16、ugh interactions with others. 六、情态动词表虚拟语气 However hard it may rain, we shall have to go. 表目的、让步may/might, He died in order that others might be saved. may/might have done; He might have given you help, however busy he was. 表示推测，可能已经，或许已经Had he worked harder, he would have got through the could/would

17、 have done exams. 表示本来能够做却没有做If he were wise, he should have come to see me. have should/ought to done; shouldnt/oughtnt have done You ought to have been more careful in this experiment. /本不应做却没做做了表示本应做 neednt have doneThere was plenty of time. She neednt have hurried. 表示本来没必要做却做了The current state o

18、f affairs may have been encouraged though not justified by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage. How many men would have considered the possibility of an apple falling up into the tree? 七、含蓄虚拟条件句He must have had an accident,or he would have bee here then.We didnt k

19、now his telephone number,otherwise we would haveotherwise, ortelephone him.Nelsoncould have won the figh,wit a little more training and awith, withoutbetter manager. but for our destination in time. But for the fog, we would have reachedin the past, in sbs the same thing. A man in his position might

20、 have doneposition the leadership of a less experienced person, the experiment Underunder要是在的情况下 . would have failed 3 . in case it (should) snowin case The game will be postponed given (that) more time, I would have been able to finish the test. Given provided (taht)on condition The guards allow th

21、e tourists to go into the woods on condition that harm to the animals. that they (should) not dowould not suppose/supposing (that) Suppose/supposing that there were no gravity, objects to ground when dropped. 假设 fallWithout forgetting, adaptive ability would suffer, for example, learned behavior tha

22、t might have been correct a decade ago may no longer be. Without the prospect of such a monopoly, it is widely believed, there would be a diminished motivation to invent, and in the long run society as a whole would suffer from a slower rate of technological advance. 从句结构中的虚拟语气 It is/was+that八、impor

23、tant, crucial, vital, essential, imperative 表重要 necessary, essential, obligatory, compulsory 表必要appropriate, fair, just, right, proper, reasonable 表正确 surprising, astonishing, amazing, shocking, strange, odd 表惊奇 alarming, tragic 表警惕frightening, dreadful 表害怕 annoying, irritable, lamentable 表生气discour

24、aging, disconcerting, disappointing 表失望 a pity, a shame, regretted, deplorable 表懊悔 perplexing, bewildering 表困惑 anxious, concerned, eager, urgent, keen 表着急incredible, unthinkable, embarrassing, upsetting, ridiculous 其他 Apollo of the study of the results some is appropriate that time be devoted to thorough It mission. It is unthinkable that they should have denied my request. 九、其他句型中的虚拟语 myit would b