计算机英语考点整理-删减版

1、Unit1英汉互译 单词 下面有多处单词拼写的错误，部分我已修正，望自行认真核对下。删除线的部分就是不考的了。arithmetic 算术，算法memory 存储器，内存Input 输入Output 输出Device 设备Bus 总线Hardware 硬件Microprocessor 微处理器Instruction 指令Program 程序Decode 解码，译码Register 记录，登记，注册；寄存器Loop 循环Execution 实行，完成，执行Integer 整数Statement语句Processor 处理器，处理机Binary 二进制的Random 随机的；随意，任意Cache 高

2、速缓存Peripheral 外围设配Keyboard 键盘Mouse 鼠标Display 显示，显示器Printer 打印机Interface 界面，接口短语翻译Integrated circuit 集成Floating point 浮点数Hard disk drive 硬盘驱动器hard disk memory 闪存floppy disk 软盘Personal computer 个人计算机（简称PC）缩略语ALU (Arithmetic and Logic Unit) 算术逻辑单元；运算器CPU ( Central Processing Unit) 中央处理器RAM (Random Acce

3、ss Memory) 随机存取存储器ROM (Read-only Memory) 只读存储器BIOS (Basic Input Output System) 基本输入输出系统GUI (Graphic User Interface) 图形用户界面中英句子互译(2) 大多数在线服务都有自己的浏览器。Most online services have their own browsers.(5) C语言也许最适宜被称为“中级语言”。C might best be described as a “medium level language ”.(9) 实际上，一个视窗管理器可以被看作是命令行操作系统的

4、图形用户界面。In fact,a window manager can be thought of as a GUI for CLIOS.(10) 数据库管理系统处理用户对数据库的操作请求。A database management system handles user requests for database.Unit3英汉互译 单词Middleware 中间设备，中间件Load 负荷，负载，加载；装载，装入Compile 编译Interpret 解释Assembler汇编程序Linker 连接程序Debugger 调试程序Bundle 捆，束，包Automation 自动控制，自动操作

5、Database 数据库Library 库Tailored 定制的Spreadsheet 电子制表软件，电子数据表Template模板Macro 宏Simulation 仿真，模拟Script 脚本E-mail 电子邮件Package 包Execute 执行，实行Module 模块Simultaneously 同时地Copy 复制Menu 菜单Document 文档Clipboard 剪贴板Paste 粘贴Configuration 配置，构造，结构Test 测试Modification 更改，修改，修正Expertise 专门技能，专门知识 expert 专家Algorithm 算法Arch

6、itecture 体系机构Complexity 复杂性Parameter 参数，参量Overrun 溢出Pointer 指针Conversion 变量，转化短语翻译Word processor 字处理程序Operation system 操作系统High-level programming language 高级编程语言Assembly language 汇编语言Software engineering 软件工程Source code 源代码Requirements analysis 需求分析Use case 用例Java virtual machine Java虚拟机，缩写为JVM缩略语ID

7、E （Intergrated Development Environment） 集成开发环境OOAD （Object Oriented Analysis and Design）面向对象分析与设计MDA （Model Driven Architecture ） 模型驱动体系UML （Unified Modeling Language） 统一建模语言ER （Entity Relationship） 实体关系PHP （Hypertext Preprocessor）超级文本预处理语言OOP (object-oriented programming)面向对象的程序设计OOA (object-orient

8、ed analysis) 面向对象分析中英句子互译(1) 机器语言由一些能被特殊处理器所理解的未加工的数字组成。Machine language consists of the raw numbers that can be directly understood by aParticular processor。(3) 几个月不升级的抗病毒软件面对当前的病毒不能提供什么保护。An anti-virus program that hasnt been updated for several mouths will not provide much protection against curr

9、ent viruses。 (4) 一般地说，内存以千字节或兆字节来度量，磁盘空间以兆字节或吉字节来度量。Momory is typically measured in kilobytes or megabytes,and disk space id typically measured in megetypes or gigabytes .(5) 超文本传输协议是浏览器自己的协议，一般用于传递HTML格式的文件。The hypetext transfer protocol id the native protocol of browsers and is most typically used

10、 to transfer HTML formatted files.(7) 对于移动用户来说，防火墙允许通过使用安全登录规程和鉴定证书来远程访问私有网络。For mobile users，firewalls allow remote access in to the private network by the use of secure logonprocedures and authentication certificates。(8) 从因特网用户的观点看，下载文件是从另一个计算机（或从另一个计算机的网页）上请求它并接收它。From the Internet users point of

11、 view，to download a file is to request it from another computer （or from a web page on another computer）and to receive it. 选词填空1.（ ）An error can caused by attempting to divide by 0.D.overflow2. ( )the process of identifying and correcting errorsin a program.A.debug3.A collection of related informati

12、on ,organized for easy retrieval.B.database4.A location where data can be temporarily stored.C.buffer5.A graphical bar with bottons that perform some of the most common commands.B.tool bar6.every valid character in a computer that uses even _must always have an even number of 1bit.A.parity7.the maxi

13、mum number of data that can be expressed by 8 bits is。C.2558.integration is the process of verifying that the components of a system work together as described in the program design and system design specifications.C.testing9.GIF files are limited to a maximum of 8bits/pixel, its simply means that n

14、o more then 256 colors are allowed in .A.an puter is a complex consisting of two or more connected computing units,its used for the purpose of data communication and resource sharing.C.networkIn data processing ,using an office mataphor ,a file is a related collection records.For example,

15、you might put the records you have on each of your Customers in a file .In turn,each record would consist of fields for individual data items,such as Customer name,Customer number,Customer address,and so forth.By providing the same information in the same fields in each record(so that all records ar

16、e consistent),your file will be easily accessible for analysis andmanipulation by a computer program.This use of the term has become somewhat less important with the advent of the database and its emphasis on the table as a way of collecting recode and field data. In mainframe systems,the term data

17、set id generally synonymous with file but implies a specific form of organization recognized by a particular access method .depending on the operating system,files(and data sets) are contained within a catalog,directory,or folder.Unit4英汉互译 单词Crash 崩溃Instability 不稳固，不稳定Unstable 不牢固的，不稳定的Reboot 重新启动Se

18、curity 安全Flaw 缺陷，裂痕Unauthorized 未经授权的，未经许可的Intruder 入侵者Illegal 不合法的，违法的Workstation 工作站Domain 领域 范围Detect 侦查，探测，察觉，发觉Upgrade 升级；使升级，提升Administrator 管理员，管理程序Server 服务器Minicomputer 小型机Palm 掌上电脑Desktop 桌面型电脑Microcomputer 微型机Overview 概览，一般观察，总的看法Resource 资源Coordinate 等同的，并列的Format 格式，格式化Real-time 实时的Shar

19、ing 共享，共用Minicomputer 小型机，小型计算机Version 版本Multitask 多任务Multiuser 多用户Portability 可移植的；可携带的，轻便Minimum 最小的，最低的；最小值，最小化Terminal 终端Kernel 核Shell 壳Directory 目录短语翻译Video card 视频卡Sound card 声卡Backward compatible 向后兼容Command interpreter 命令解释程序World wide web 万维网缩略语DNS （Domain Name system）域名解析系统TCP/IP （Transfer

20、 Control protocol/ Internet protocol）传输控制协议中英句子互译(1) 它把操作系统装入内存并启动操作系统。It loads the operating system into memory and allows it to begin operation.(4) 光纤是一个可以传输光束的玻璃细丝。Optical fiber is thin filaments of glass through which light beams are tranmitted.(8) 一旦完成源内容的编码，制作流媒体的过程就完成了。Once youve encoded your

21、 source content, the process of creating streaming media is complete.(9) 从语法结构上说，一个域名包括用圆点隔开一系列名称（标志）。Syntactically, a domain name consist of a sequence of names(labels) separated by periods(dots).(10) 你在显示器上看到的视频质量取决于视频卡和你所选择的显示器。The quality of video you see on your monitor depends on both the vide

22、o card and the monitor you choose.选词填空1._ is a device that converts images to digital format.C.scanner2.In C language,a _- is a series of characters enclosed in double quotes.B.string 3._ are those programs that help find the information you are trying to locate on the WWW.B.Search engines4. In C la

23、nguage ,_ are used to create variables and Are grouped at the top of a program block.A.declarations5.an statement can perform a calculation andstore the result in a variable so that it can be used later.D.assignment6.Each program module is compiled separately and the resulting files Are linked toget

24、her to make an executable application.D.object7.is the conscious effort to make all jobs similar,routine ,and interchangeable.D.standardization8.A web is one of many software applications that function as the interface between A user and Internet.B.browser9.firewall is A mechanism used by organizati

25、ons to protect their LANs from the Internet.D.security10.A query is used to search through the database to locate A particular record or records,which conform to specified .D.conditionsAn operating system (sometimes abbreviated as OS)is the program that ,after being initially loaded into the compute

26、r by A boot program,manages akl the other programs in a computer.the other programs Are called applications or application programs.the application programs,make use of the operating system by makit requests for services though A defined application program interface(API).In addition ,users can inte

27、ract directly with the operating system though A useR interface such as A command language or A grashical user interface(GUI).Unit5英汉互译 单词Array 数组，排列Record 记录 Table 表，表格List 列表，目录，序列Dimensional 维的Subscript 下标Collection 集合，收藏起来的总和Item 项目Consistent 一致的，调和的，相容的Suffix 后缀，下标Length 长度Row 行，排Column 列normal

28、ization 规范化，正常化，标准化短语翻译Data structure 数据结构Three-dimensional table 三维表Memory cell 内存单元Data set 数据集File name extension 文件扩展名Account number 账号Decision table 判定表Truth table 真值表password 密码binary tree 二叉树routing table 路由表link list链表single-linked list 单向链表doubly-linked list 双向链表circularly-linked list 循环链表缩

29、略语ID （Identification ，Identity ）身份API (application programming interface)应用编程接口LIFO(last in first out) 后进先出FIFO(first in first out)先进先出ADT(abstract data type)抽象数据类型CGI (common gateway interface)公共网关接口DOS(disk operating system) 磁盘驱动系统中英句子互译(2) 视频卡是计算机的一部分，它把视频数据转换成你在显示器上能看到的可视信息。A video card is the p

30、art of your computer that transforms video data into the visual display you see on your monitor.(3) 多用户操作系统允许不同的用户同时利用计算机资源。A multi-user operating system allows many different users to take advantage of the computers resource simultaneously.(4) 地址是因特网上信息网站、一个特定文件（如网页）或一个电子邮件用户的唯一位置。Address is the un

31、ique location of an information site on the internet,a specific file(for example ,a Web page ),or an E-mail user.(7) 计算机病毒是一个程序，当首次感染可执行文件或硬盘和软盘的系统区域后开始传播自己并制作自己的拷贝。A computer virus is a program designed to spread itself by first infecting executable files or the system areas of hard and floppy disk

32、s and then making copied of itself.(8) 当所有RAM都被使用了（如许多程序同时打开），计算机就把数据交换到硬盘上，给用户的印象是好像还有些内存。When the entire RAM is being used(for example if there are many programs open at the same time)the computer will swap data to the hard drive and back to give the impression that there is slightly more memory.选

33、词填空1.A sequence of any number of characters enclosed in the double quote is called A character .D.string2.In C language,when an array name is passed to A function,what is passed is the of the beginning of the array.D.element3.In C language,the result of thew logicaloperator is 1 if the value of its

34、operand is 0,and is 0 if the value of its operand is non-zero.B.not4.A floating constant consists office an integer part,A decimal point,A fraction part ,an e or E,and an optionally signed integer.A.exponent5.the is A temporary storage area that you can use to copy or move selected text or object am

35、ong applications.D.clipboard6.the program means A program written in A high-level language.its generally translated to an program,which is in a form directly understandable by the computer.the translations is usually done by a program called .1 D.source 2 A.object 3 A.cessing offers man

36、y ways ways to edit text and establish document formats.you can easily insert,delete,change,move and copy words or blocks of text.C.word8.scrollingis A technique most common associated with .B.displayA binary tree is A method of placing and locating files(called records or keys)in A database especia

37、lly when all the data is known to be in random Access memory(RAM).the algorithm finds data by repeatedly dividing the number of ultimately accessible records half until only one remains.In A tree,records Are stored in location called leaves.This name derives from the fact that records always exist a

38、t end point,there is nothing beyond them.branch points Are called nodes.the order of A tree is the number of branches (called children)per node.In A binary tree,there Are always two children per node,so the order is 2.the number of leaves is A binary tree is always A power of 2.the number of Access

39、operations required to reach the desired record is called depth of the tree.Unit7英汉互译 单词Computing 计算，处理Query 查询Property 性能，功能，特性，参数Model 模型，样式Concurrency 并发性Increasingly 越来越多地，逐渐增加地Significant 有意义的，重大的，重要的Index 索引，指数Upward 向上的Link 链接Nesting 嵌套Attribute 属性，特征Tuple 元组Column 列Row 行Enumerate 列举，枚举Instan

40、ce 实例Key 键Primary key 主键Foreign key 外键Encapsulation 封装Polymorphism 多态性Atomicity 原子性Consistency 一致性，连贯性Isolation 隔离，分离，分解durability 耐久性，耐用性Cascade 层叠短语翻译Computing discipline 计算学科Hierarchical model 层级模型Relational model 关系模型Query language 查询语言Primary key 主键foreign key 外键缩略语ETL （Extract transfer load）捆绑

41、转换加载DW （DatawareHouse ）数据仓库DSS （Decision support system） 决策支持系统DBMS (Database management) 数据库管理系统SQL （Structured Query Language）结构化查询语言DB （database）数据库DBS （database system ）数据库系统RDBMS（relational DBMS）关系型数据库管理系统ACID （Atomicity，Consistency，Isolation，Durability）原子性，一致性，隔离，耐久性JDBC（join Database connecti

42、vity）联合式数据库互接ODBC（open database Connectivity）开放式数据库互接中英句子互译(3) 打印机的主要类型有：点阵式、菊瓣轮式、喷墨式和激光打印式。 The principle types of printers include dot-matrix，daisy wheel，inkjet，and laser。(4) 阿帕网可以使相隔数千英里的人合作。 ARPANET made possible collaborations between people who were thousands of miles apart。(5) 超文本标识语言是表示网页的最常

43、用的语言。 The hypetext markup language is the language most frequently used to express Web pages。(9) 反向环是由两个相反方向的环构成的环型拓扑。A counterrotating ring is a ring topology that consist of two rings transmitting in opposite directions.(10) 在最简单的网络中，无须用交换机来发送和接收网内的消息。In the simplest networks, a switch is not requ

44、ired for messages that are sent and received within the network.选词填空1.means any HTML document on A http Server.B.web page2. the term program means A program written in high-level language.C.source3.very long ,cimplex expressions in program Are difficult to write correct and difficult to .D.debug4.In

45、 C language ,function Are important because they provide A way to code so that A large complex program can be written by combining many smaller parts.B.modularize5.the standard in C language contain many useful functions for input and output,string handing,mathmatical computations,and system program

46、ming tasks.C.libraries6.In programming ,the user determines the sequence of instructions to be executed,not the programmer.D.event-driven7.is A clickable string or graphic that points to another web page or document.D.hyperlink8.one solution tomajor security problem is ,which Are frequently installe

47、d to fix known security holes.A.patches9.A programmer must know about A function s to call it correctly.C.interface10.on A memory system ,the logical memory space available to the program is totally independent of the physical memory space.B.virtualA database is A collection of information that is o

48、rganized so that it can easily be accessed managed,and updated .In one view ,database can be classified according to types of content:bibliography,full -text,numeric,and images.In computing ,databases Are sometimes classified according to their organizational approach.the most prevelent approach is

49、the relational database,A tabular database in which data is defined so that it can be reorganized and accessed in A number of different ways.A distributed database isone that can be dispersed or replicated among different points in A network.An objectoriented programming database is one that is cong

50、ruent with the data defined in object classes and subclasses.Unit8英汉互译 单词Concept 概念，观念，思想Object 对象，物体，目标Class 类Subclass 子类，子集Procedure 程序，过程Prototype 原型，模型Namespace 命名空间MainpilateManipulate 操作，使用Message 清楚的，明显的，独特的；消息Distribute 分布式的短语翻译Object oriented programming language 面向对象编程语言Data modeling 数据建模D

51、ata analysis 数据分析Data hiding 数据隐藏Distributed application 分布式应用Computer graphics 计算机图形学缩略语OOP （object Oriented Programming）面向对象编程HTRML （HyperText Markup Language） 超文本链接标示语言HTTP（HyperText Transfer Protocol) 超文本传输协议IP（Internet Protocol ）网络之间互连的协议UDP （User Datagram Protocol）用户数据报协议TCP（Transmission Contr

52、ol Protocol） 传输控制协议URL （Uniform Resource Locator ）统一资源定位符 CSS (Cascading Style Sheets )层叠样式表 ACM（Association for Computing Machinery）计算机协会中英句子互译(1) 可以通过点击选定文本之外的任何位置或按任一方向键来取消选定。Deselect the text by clicking anywhere outside of the selection on the page or pressing an arrow key on the keyboard.(3) 人

53、工智能是制造智能机器、特别是制作智能计算机程序的科学和工程学。Artificial intelligence is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines.Especially intelligent computer programs.(4) 在打开或执行一个新程序或其他包含可执行代码的文件之前，先扫描病毒，无论它们来自哪里。Virus scan any new programs or other files that may contain executable code before you run or op

54、en them,nothem, no matter where they come from.(6) 视频卡的内存越大，图形处理器的速度越快，玩游戏或运行精细图形设计软件时的显示效果就越好。More video card memory and faster graphics processors can result in more stunning and enjoyable visual effects when running games and programs with detailed grashicgraphic design.(7) 只要两个计算机能够辨认同一协议，它们就能够在

55、同一网络中或者通过调制解调器不费力气地通信，而且不管它们是否属于同一类型。As long as both computers recognize the same protocal,they can communicate without too much difficulty over the same network or even via simple direct modem connection regardless whether or not they are themselves of the same type. 选词填空1.one use of networks is to

56、 led several computers share such as file system,printers,and type drives.C.resources2.A firewall is A system designed to an organizations network against threats.1.C.security 2.B.protect3.the has several major components,including the system kernel,a memory management system, the file system manager,device drivers,and the system libraries.D.operating system4.is the address of a variable or a variable in which the address of ano