几何形状位置公差（中英对照）

1、目录主题几何特性符号2通用符号3术语和定义4半径和控制半径6统计公差符号7形体控制框8一般原则9基准12平面度33直线度34圆度36圆柱度37垂直度38倾斜度40平行度42轮廓度公差带44面轮廓度45共平面轮廓度46线轮廓度47轮廓/位置度边界控制48复合轮廓度应用50圆跳动52全跳动53独立原则位置度（应用于孔）54最大实体原则位置度（应用于孔）55最小实体原则位置度（应用于孔）56最大实体原则位置度（应用于同轴圆）57最大实体原则位置度（应用于有效条件基准的同轴圆柱形体） 58最大实体原则位置度（应用于非圆柱形体） 59位置度（双向控制）60位置度（应用于长形孔-边界形）61位置度（用于控

2、制对称度）62延伸公差带63固定联结件位置度计算公式64浮动联结件位置度计算公式65复合位置公差66多组合位置公差68位置度为零的最大实体原则70同轴度71对称度72转换图73表面特性定义74表面特性符号75表面特性75公英制转换77 1 Table of ContentSubjectGeometric Characteristic Symbols2Common Symbols3Terms and Definitions 4Radius and controlled Radius 6Statistical Tolerancing Symbol7Feature Control Frame8Gen

3、eral Rules9Datums 12Flatness 33Straightness34Circularity36Cylindricity 37Perpendicularity38Angularity 40Parallelism42Profile Tolerance Zone44Profile of a Surface 45Profile of Coplanar Surfaces 46Profile of a Line47Profile/Position Boundary Control 48Composite Profile Application 50Circular Runout 52

4、Total Runout 53Position RFS (applied to a hole)54Position MMC (applied to a hole) 55Position LMC (applied to a hole) 56Position MMC (applied to a coaxial diameter)57Position MMC (applied to a coaxial diameter with virtual condition datum)58Position MMC (applied to a non-cylindrical feature-of-size)

5、59Position (as a bi-directional control) 60Position (applied to a elongated holes-boundary concept)61Position (used to control symmetry)62Projected Tolerance Zone63The Fixed Fastener Formula64The Floating Fastener Formula65Composite Position Tolerancing 66Position (multiple single segment control)68

6、Zero Tolerance at MMC70Concentricity 71Symmetry72Conversion Chart 73Surface Texture Definitions 74Surface Texture Symbols75Surface Texture75 Conversion of Metric to Inch77 1几何特性符号使用参考基准公差类型特性符号不用形状直线度平面度圆度圆柱度有时用轮廓线轮廓度面轮廓度常用方向倾斜度垂直度平行度位置位置度 同轴度对称度跳动圆跳动全跳动2Geometric Characteristic SymbolsUSED A DATUM

7、REFERENCETYPE OF TOLERANCECHARACTERISTICSYMBOLNEVERFORMSTRAIGHTNESSFLATNESSCIRCULARITY (ROUNDNESS)CYLINDRICITYSOMETIMESPROFILEPROFILE OF A LINEFROFILE OF A SURFACEALWAYSORIENTATIONANGULARITYPERPENDICULARITYPARALLELISMLOCATIONPOSITIONCONCENTRICITYSYMMETRYRUNOUTCIRCULAR RUNOUTTOTAL RUNOUT2用符号下图所示是在工程图

8、中几何公差或其他尺寸要求使用最广泛的符号。标有“X”的符号为新的符号或原 Y14.5M-1982 标准修订而来的术语符号 特性控制框直径球径最大实体原则最小实体原则独立原则NONE延伸公差带自由状态切面统计公差半径R控制半径CR球的半径SR基本尺寸基准特征基准目标目标点X尺寸源位置数量8X沉孔埋头孔深度正方形整个圆周非比例尺寸150圆弧长度之间斜度圆锥度包容原则NONE（implied） 3Common SymbolsShown below are the most common symbols that are used with geometric tolerancing and othe

9、r related dimensional requirements on engineering drawings. The symbols marked with an “X” are new of revised from the previous Y14.5M-1982 standard.TERMSYMBOLFeature Control FrameDiameterSpherical DiameterMaximum Material ConditionLeast Material ConditionRegardless of Feature SizeNONEProjected Tole

10、rance ZoneFree StateTangent PlaneStatistical ToleranceRadiusRControlled Radius CRSpherical RadiusSRBasic DimensionDatum FeatureDatum TargetTarget PointXDimension OriginNumber of Places8XCounterbore/SpotfaceCountersinkDepth/DeepSquareAll AroundDimension Not to Scale150Arc lengthBetweenSlopeConical Ta

11、perEnvelope PrincipleNONE（implied） 3术语和定义实际局部尺寸形体任意横截面上的任意单独距离的尺寸值。两点测量常看作实际局部尺寸。实际配合原则（AME）对于尺寸的外形轮廓：相似的理想的配对特征，处于最小尺寸包络该轮廓并接触该轮廓表面高点。对于尺寸的内部轮廓：相似的理想的配对特征，处于最大尺寸包络该轮廓并接触该轮廓表面高点。基本尺寸用来描述零件特征或目标基准的理论尺寸，理想轮廓，方向，或位置的数值。用基本尺寸定义零件特征时，它提供了一个理想位置，其公差由位置公差控制。补偿公差几何公差的附加公差。无论特征控制框里指定MMC或LMC修正时，都准许公差补偿。基准尺寸测量

12、时建立的理论精确面，点或线。检测设备常用作模拟基准。基准特征与模拟基准关联的零件特征。模拟基准用来模拟基准面或轴的充分精确形体的表面（比如机轴表面）。为达到检测目的，模拟基准作为基准使用。目标基准描述通常用来建立基准面或轴的测量要素的形状，尺寸和位置的符号。形体用于零件组成部分的通用术语，比如表面，孔或槽。FOS一个圆柱体或球面，或两个相对要素，或相对平行表面，用尺寸联系起来。比如，孔的直径，轴的直径。最小实体原则在规定尺寸公差的范围内，形体所含材料最少的情形。比如，轴的最小直径，孔的最大直径。最大实体原则在规定尺寸公差的范围内，形体所含材料最多的情形。比如，轴的最大直径，孔的最小直径。独立原

13、则不论特征尺寸在尺寸公差内如何变化，其几何公差要求不变（没有补偿）。规则1（单独形体尺寸规则）在仅规定尺寸公差的地方，单个特征的尺寸公差规定了特征外形及尺寸大小的变动范围。规则1常解释为在MMC时的理想形状和包容原则。规则2（所有适用的几何公差原则）应用独立原则时，关于单独的公差，基准体系，或两者一起，都不需要标注修正符号。当需要时，MMC和LMC必须被定义在图纸上。有效情况在MMC或LMC下，由带有形位公差的特征尺寸综合影响得到的最差边界。 5Terms and DefinitionsActual Local SizeThe value of any individual distance

14、at any cross-section of a feature of size. A two-point measurement is often considered an Actual Local Size.Actual Mating Envelope (AME)For an external feature of size; a similar perfect feature counterpart of the smallest size which surrounds the feature so it contacts the high points of the surfac

15、e(s). For an internal feature of size; a similar perfect feature counterpart of the largest size which fits inside the feature so it contacts the high points of the surface(s)Basic DimensionA numerical value used to describe the theoretically exact size, true profile, orientation, of location of a p

16、art feature of datum target. When a basic dimension is used to define part features, it provides the location for which permissible variations are established by geometric tolerances.Bonus ToleranceAn additional amount of tolerance for a geometric tolerance. A bonus tolerance is permissible whenever

17、 an MMC of LMC modifier is specified in a tolerance portion of a feature control frameDatumThe theoretically exact plane, point of axis from which a dimensional measurement is made. Inspection equipment is often used to simulate datums.Datum FeatureA part feature that contacts a simulated datumDatum

18、 Feature SimulatorA surface of adequately precise form (such as a surface plate of mandrel) which is used to simulate a datum plane or axis. A simulated datum is used as a datum for inspection purposes.Datum TargetSymbols that describe the shape, size, and location of gage elements that are used to

19、establish datum planes of axis. 4FeatureA general term that applies to physical portion of a part, such as a surface, hole or slot.Feature-of-Size (FOS)One cylindrical or spherical surface, or set of two opposed elements, or opposed parallel surfaces, associated with a size dimension. For example, t

20、he diameter of a hole, the diameter of a shaft.Least Material Condition (LMC)The condition in which a feature of size contains the least amount of material everywhere within the stated limits of size. For example, the smallest shaft diameter, the largest hole diameter.Maximum Material Condition (MMC

21、)The condition in which a feature of size contains the most amount of material everywhere within the stated limits of size. For example, the largest shaft diameter, the smallest hole diameter.Regardless of Feature Size (RFS)A term that indicates a geometric tolerance applies at any increment of size

22、 of the feature within its size tolerance in-other-words, a geometric tolerance applies at whatever size the part feature is produced.Rule #1 (Individual feature of size rule)Where only a tolerance of size is specified, the limits of size of an individual feature prescribe the extent to which variations in its form, as well as its size, are