Unit 6 The Green Banana（经典实用）

1、Made by Lauren Chan Unit 6 The Green Banana Unit 6 The Green Banana QUESTIONS How does the title “Green Banana” strike you? What do you expect the story to tell Unit 6 The Green Banana The text is taken from Beyond Experience: An Experiential Approach to Cross-cultural Education edited by Donald Bat

2、chelder and Elizabeth G. Warner in 1974. When the second edition of the book was published in 1993, Batchelder explained his view on cross-cultural education: BACKGROUND INFORMATION Unit 6 The Green Banana BACKGROUND INFORMATION “If some of the goals of education in modern times are to open up possi

3、bilities for discovery and expand learning and the chance for mutual acceptance and recognition in a wider world, it may be important to offer students a perspective on their own immediate center of the world by enabling them to participate sensitively as cross-cultural sojourners s sd d:n:n (旅居者，寄居

4、者)to the center of someone elses world.” Unit 6 The Green Banana C CHECKHECK- -ONON P PREVIEWREVIEW What happened to the authors old jeep in Brazil? How did the villagers help repair it? What did the author learn about the center of the world (the rock)? How did he feel toward it? What are the two l

5、earning moments of the author? What did he learn? Whats the use of the green banana in the text? What does it symbolize? When the author says we should leave our own centers of the world, does he mean we should travel to other countries more often? Unit 6 The Green Banana BACKGROUND INFORMATION ETHN

6、OCENTRISM(种族优越论) Ethnic refers to cultural heritage, and centrism refers to the central starting point or the tendency of people to put their own group at the center. Thus, ethnocentrism basically refers to judging other groups from ones own cultural point of view, or misinterpreting other cultures

7、because one uses the concepts of his own culture. Unit 6 The Green Banana Ethnocentrism can lead to making false assumptions about others ways based on ones own limited experience. The key word is assumptions, because we are not even aware that we are being ethnocentric. That is people dont understa

8、nd that they dont understand. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ETHNOCENTRISM(种族优越论) Unit 6 The Green Banana Ethnocentrism may manifest itself in attitudes of superiority or sometimes hostility. Violence, discrimination, proselytizing prsltaz (劝诱改 宗), and verbal aggressiveness are other means whereby ethnocent

9、rism may be expressed. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ETHNOCENTRISM(种族优越论) Unit 6 The Green Banana WHY ARE PEOPLE ETHNOCENTRIC? It is normal to assume things on the basis of ones own experience, although it is sometimes wrong. Peoples perceptions of colors, time frames, values on industriousness, social rol

10、es, and beliefs about Life and the Universe provide important meanings in daily life. Therefore, peoples limited experiences they have already had are the basis for interpreting new experiences, and in the case of others behaviors. Unit 6 The Green Banana WHAT IS THE PROBLEM WITH ETHNOCENTRISM? Ethn

11、ocentrism leads people to make false assumptions about other peoples. People are ethnocentric when they use their cultural norms as a universal yardstick to make generalizations about other peoples cultures and customs. People of one culture may falsely distort what is meaningful and functional to o

12、ther peoples through his own tinted glasses. At the best, people simply continue in his unawareness. You may be well meaning in interethnic relations, but can unintentionally offend others, generate ill feelings, and even set up situations that harm others. Ethnocentrism is evident in international

13、relations, creating conflicts and inhibiting resolution of conflicts. Unit 6 The Green Banana There are extreme forms of ethnocentrism that pose serious social problems, such as racism, chauvinism, and ethnic cleansing. These views are generally condemned by the world community, but regular cases ca

14、n be seen in the news. EXTREME FORMS OF ETHNOCENTRISM Unit 6 The Green Banana WHAT CAN WE DO ABOUT ETHNOCENTRISM? Addressing ethnocentrism is not a matter of just trying not to be ethnocentric. Since people will never experience every life situation of everyone around the world, assumptions about li

15、fe are based on existing limited experience. A more effective way is to catch yourself when you are being ethnocentric and seek to develop better understandings. Once we realize that we are not understanding, we are now in a better position to seek more valid and balanced understandings. Unit 6 The

16、Green Banana CULTURAL RELATIVISM (文化相对主义) Ethnocentrism is often linked to a sociological theory called cultural relativism. Cultural relativists assert that concepts are socially constructed and vary cross-culturally. These concepts may include such fundamental notions as what is considered true, m

17、orally correct, and what constitutes knowledge or even reality itself. Unit 6 The Green Banana Cultural Relativism is an attempt to understand the cultural development of societies and social groups on their own terms, that is, without trying to impose absolute ideas of moral value or trying to meas

18、ure different cultural variations in terms of some form of absolute cultural standard. This may be a positive value in terms of interethnic relations. By cultural relativism, all cultures are equally worthy of respect and in studying another culture people need to suspend judgment, empathize and try

19、 and understand the way that particular culture sees the world. CULTURAL RELATIVISM (文化相对主义) Unit 6 The Green Banana BRAZIL Unit 6 The Green Banana Unit 6 The Green Banana National Flag Federative Republic of Brazil Capital : Brasilia Independent Day: September 7th Unit 6 The Green Banana Two large

20、terrain tren地形地形 The Amazon plain （1/31/3） Brazil Plateau （2/3） Unit 6 The Green Banana Brazil is a Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas. It is the worlds fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population. Unit 6 The Green Banana Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Bra

21、zil has a coastline of over 7,491 kilometers. It is bordered on the north by Venezuela venvenzwezwel l , Guyana aiai:n:n, ,aiainn , Suriname s sr rnn:m:mand the French overseas department of French Guiana; on the northwest by Colombia; on the west by Bolivia and Peru; on the southwest by Argentina a

22、nd Paraguay prprwawa 巴拉圭and on the south by Uruguay j jr rwawa 乌拉圭. Its size, relief, climate, and natural resources make Brazil geographically diverse. Unit 6 The Green Banana Brazil has a dense and complex system of rivers, one of the worlds most extensive, with eight major drainage basins, all of

23、 which drain into the Atlantic. Major rivers include the Amazon Unit 6 The Green Banana Coffee has been one of the main beverages among Brazilians since the beginning of the 19th century. Unit 6 The Green Banana Brazilian cuisine varies greatly by region, reflecting the countrys mix of native and im

24、migrant populations. This has created a national cuisine marked by the preservation of regional differences. Examples are Feijoada, considered the countrys national dish. Unit 6 The Green Banana The most popular sport in Brazil is football soccer. The Brazilian national football team is ranked among

25、 the best in the world. Unit 6 The Green Banana Brazil has hosted several high-pro sporting events, including the 1950 FIFA World Cup and has been chosen to host the 2014 FIFA World Cup. On 2 October 2009, Brazil was selected to host the 2016 Olympic Games, the first to be held in South America. Uni

26、t 6 The Green Banana Unit 6 The Green Banana Unit 6 The Green Banana Unit 6 The Green Banana Carnival is the most famous holiday in Brazil and has become an event of huge proportions. The country stops completely for almost a week and festivities are intense, day and night, mainly in coastal cities.

27、 Carnival Rio (late February - early March) Unit 6 The Green Banana Unit 6 The Green Banana Unit 6 The Green Banana 1 Flamboyant（艳丽的）（艳丽的）costumes Unit 6 The Green Banana 2 Sexy Brazilian girls Unit 6 The Green Banana 3 Passionate Samba dance Unit 6 The Green Banana 亚马孙河亚马孙河 Unit 6 The Green Banana

28、The Amazon river is the great river on Earth.It is one of the The Amazon river is the great river on Earth.It is one of the worlds greatest rainforests and it is longer than any river but the worlds greatest rainforests and it is longer than any river but the Nile.Nile. Unit 6 The Green Banana 亚马孙雨林

29、亚马孙雨林 Unit 6 The Green Banana Unit 6 The Green Banana Unit 6 The Green Banana Iguassu Falls Unit 6 The Green Banana Unit 6 The Green Banana Unit 6 The Green Banana Unit 6 The Green Banana STRUCTURE Part1 (1- ) Part 2( ) Part 3( ) 4 5-7 8 The writers experiences in a mountain village in the central a

30、rea of Brazil. The writers reflections on his experience. The writers conclusion: Each culture has hidden treasures to offer to the rest of the world. As often the case in an essay, it starts from As often the case in an essay, it starts from something specific and then moves on to a something speci

31、fic and then moves on to a general conclusion.general conclusion. Unit 6 The Green Banana F FURTHERURTHER DISCUSSIONDISCUSSION Do you think people who come from different cultures are unlikely to understand each other? Are there cultural conflicts between students from different regions? If so, how

32、do you settle the conflicts? Unit 6 The Green Banana D DETAILEDETAILED A ANALYSISNALYSIS Although it might have happened anywhere, my encounter with the green banana started on a steep mountain road in the central area of Brazil. What does the “although-clause” imply? He could have his first experie

33、nce with a foreign treasure anywhere outside of his home. It just HAPPENED to be in Brazil. So saying implies that every foreign culture has some treasures which remain unknown to outsiders. Unit 6 The Green Banana ancient old antique 这些形容词均含“古代的， 古老的”之意。 ancient:指很久以前发生或存在的事物。用于 描述历史时，指远古时代。ancient

34、所指的时 间一般比old长。 old:指长期以来一直存在着的事物，与times 连用指古代，与days连用时指从前或旧社会。 antique:指已经很古老或颇有古风的事物，一 般都具有较高价值。 D DETAILEDETAILED A ANALYSISNALYSIS Unit 6 The Green Banana strain up: make a great effort to move upward strain: try very hard (vi. 逐 渐失去 be gradually lost 油渗出来了,因为油箱上有个小洞。 leak out 泄露become known unin

35、tentionally 没有人知道秘密是怎样泄露出去的。 leak to 将泄露给 tell (a secret) to sb 他把消息泄露给了他的朋友。 D DETAILEDETAILED A ANALYSISNALYSIS The oil leaked away because there was a small hole in the tank. Nobody knew how the secret had leaked out. He leaked the news to his friend. Unit 6 The Green Banana D DETAILEDETAILED A A

36、NALYSISNALYSIS The over-heated engine forced me to stop at the next village, which consisted of a small store and a scattering of houses. be made up of; be compose of 由组成，由构成 联合国安理会是由五个成员国组成的。 UN Security Council consists of five member states. 主语a whole 由构成/组成 宾语parts consist of be made up of be co

37、mposed of be comprised of make up compose comprise form constitute 主语parts 构成/组成/形成 宾语a whole Unit 6 The Green Banana They could see three fine streams of hot water spouting from holes in the jacket of the radiator. fine: very thin or in very small pieces or drops. spout: gush forth in a sudden stre

38、am D DETAILEDETAILED A ANALYSISNALYSIS Unit 6 The Green Banana assureassure to tell somebody that something is sure to happen or is definitely true 我可以向你保证，你儿子在这里会很快乐的。 to make sth. certain to happen Hard work has assured his success. D DETAILEDETAILED A ANALYSISNALYSIS I can assure you that your so

39、n will be happy here. Unit 6 The Green Banana assure; ensure; insure assure to tell somebody that something is sure to happen or is definitely true使确信；使放心 ( sb. of sth.; sb. that ; sb. to do sth.) 他要我们放心他有能力解决这个问题。 老师使学生们相信学习英语的重要性。 D DETAILEDETAILED A ANALYSISNALYSIS He assured us of his ability to

40、 solve the problem. The teacher assured the students to know the importance of learning English. Unit 6 The Green Banana ensure make certain that something will occur or be the case保证，担保；保证获得 ( sth.; that) 有准备,成功就有保证。 Preparedness ensures success. 我不能保证他能及时到达这里。 insure 保险 ( sb./sth. against) 我给我的房子保

41、了火险 I cant ensure that he would be here in time. D DETAILEDETAILED A ANALYSISNALYSIS I insured my house against fire. Unit 6 The Green Banana work out 解决解决,解答解答; 计算出计算出 be capable of being solved; 我不能解答怎么做它。 产生结果产生结果; 发展发展 turn out in the end; develop I am glad that things are working out so well fo

42、r them.形势发 展得对他们如此有利,我感到高兴。 锻炼锻炼 do exercise 这些运动员每天都要在体育馆锻炼两个小时。 D DETAILEDETAILED A ANALYSISNALYSIS I cant work out how to do it. These athletes work out at the gym for two hours every day. Unit 6 The Green Banana 使筋疲力尽使筋疲力尽; ; 耗尽耗尽 exhaustexhaust He never seems to be worked out.他好像永远不会 疲乏似的。 了解了解

43、 understand the nature of sb understand the nature of sb 他这个人很怪,我摸不透他。 作出作出; 制订出制订出 devise; plan out; arrange It wasnt too long before we had worked out a plan acceptable to all.没多久我们就制订出一个大家都能接 受的计划。 D DETAILEDETAILED A ANALYSISNALYSIS I cant work him out, hes very strange. Unit 6 The Green Banana

44、a casual remark a casual encounter a casual attitude a casual inspection a casual disregard for rumors casual wear a casual laborer a casual acquaintance a casual correspondence with a friend 即席发言即席发言 邂逅邂逅 漫不经心的态度漫不经心的态度 草率的检查草率的检查 对流言蜚语毫不在乎对流言蜚语毫不在乎 便装便装/休闲装休闲装 临时工临时工 泛泛之交泛泛之交 与朋友的不定期通信与朋友的不定期通信 D

45、DETAILEDETAILED A ANALYSISNALYSIS Unit 6 The Green Banana He was driving very fast because he was ignorant of the fact that there was a speed limit. 他因为不知道有时速限制,把车开得很快。(不 知道) He ignored the speed limit and drove very fast. 他不顾时速限制,把车开得很快。(知 道但不 注意) D DETAILEDETAILED A ANALYSISNALYSIS Unit 6 The Gree

46、n Banana -ance (-ence):(from Latin) forming nouns, meaning “the action, quality or state of doing sth” D DETAILEDETAILED A ANALYSISNALYSIS Unit 6 The Green Banana D DETAILEDETAILED A ANALYSISNALYSIS accept attend depend occur perform prefer refer assist appear differ acceptance attendance dependence

47、 occurrence performance preference reference assistance appearance difference Unit 6 The Green Banana lie lied lied lying 说谎 lie lay lain lying 平躺，位于 lay laid laid laying 放置，下蛋 D DETAILEDETAILED A ANALYSISNALYSIS Unit 6 The Green Banana Huge rock formations, like Sugar Loaf in Rio, rose up all aroun

48、d us one of Rios most famous attractions; 270 meters (887 feet) high and offers to visitors the best view of Rio, mainly the sunset. Rio de Janeiro里约热内卢-the capital of Brazil from 1822 to 1960, when the national capital was moved to Braslia；the countrys second largest manufacturing centre；Noted for

49、its wide streets, public buildings, beaches, and public parks and gardens, it is a leading tourist and resort centre. Unit 6 The Green Banana “Do you see that tall one right over there?” asked my benefactor, pointing to a particular tall, slender pinnacle of dark rock. “That rock marks the center of

50、 the world.” high pointed rock or mountain peak 尖锥形岩石；山峰 not very wide but comparatively long or high; (of a person) slim细 长的；苗条的 他四下看了看，目光最后落在 一位身材苗条的女孩身上。 He looked around and finally rested his eyes on a slender girl. Unit 6 The Green Banana He, in turn, inspected me carefully to be sure I graspe

51、d the significance of his statement. as a result of something 转而；反过来 理论来源于实践，反过来为实践服务。 Theory originates in/from (or comes/derives from) practice, and in turn serves practice. in succession; one after another; by turns 依 次，轮流 申请人被依次叫进去面见考官。 The applicants were called in turn to see the interviewer.

52、Unit 6 The Green Banana inspect to examine closely 仔细检查 那海关官员颇为怀疑地检查了我的护照和行李。 The customs officer inspected my passport and luggage suspiciously. to visit officially to see that rules are obeyed, that work is done properly, etc 视察；检阅 消防安全员定期视察这座大楼以消除火灾隐患。 The fire-safety officer regularly inspects t

53、he building so as to remove the dangers of fire. D DETAILEDETAILED A ANALYSISNALYSIS Unit 6 The Green Banana inspect, examine, investigate, scrutinizeinspect, examine, investigate, scrutinize 这四个词均 有“检查”“审查”的含义。它们之间的区别 是:examine为最普通的用语,可指任何方式地、粗略或仔 细地检查; inspect和scrutinize都有仔细检查仔细检查的含义,前者 强调通过检查找出缺点

54、或漏缺点或漏洞,后者强调在检查时注意细注意细 节的审视节的审视。另外examine, inspect, scrutinize既可用于 人,又可用于物,而investigate只能用于表示对情况、事态 等的调查或检查。 The detective investigating the murder case examined the body, inspected the scene of the crime, and scrutinized the weapon for clues. 正在调查这一谋杀案的侦探检查了尸体,察看了犯罪现场, 并仔细检查了凶器以寻找线索。 D DETAILEDETAI

55、LED A ANALYSISNALYSIS Unit 6 The Green Banana He in turn inspected me carefully to be sure I grasped the significance of his statement. ?to understand (sth.) fully全面理解；全面领 会 ?我想你对这事情的重要性理解得还不够透彻。 ?I dont think youve quite grasped the significance of the matter. ?seize (sb./sth.) firmly; take advanta

56、ge of, not lose抓住；利用 ?grasp an opportunity抓住机会 D DETAILEDETAILED A ANALYSISNALYSIS Unit 6 The Green Banana D DETAILEDETAILED A ANALYSISNALYSIS The occasion demanded some show of recognition on my part. n. special time for sth. on occasion: now and then 偶尔； 有时 She goes to the cinema on occasion. on t

57、he occasion of sth.: at the time of a certain event 值此值此 . . 之际之际 She was still absent-minded even on the occasion of her own wedding. Unit 6 The Green Banana The occasion demanded some show of recognition on my parton my part. (on sb.s part, on the part of sb.) made or done by sb.由某人做出 这是我的错。 This

58、is my fault. This is the fault on my part. 这家医院医护人员的高度责任感给我留下了深 刻的印象。 I was deeply impressed by the high sense of responsibility on the part of the doctors and nurses in/of the hospital. D DETAILEDETAILED A ANALYSISNALYSIS Unit 6 The Green Banana They refilled my radiator and gave me extra bananas t

59、o take along in case my radiator should give me trouble again. 前缀re-加在名词或动词前面，构成新的名词或动词 1.表示回或向后的意思。例如：return（回来，返回） recall（回忆，召回）retract(缩回，取回) 2.表示再、重新、重复的意思。例如：review（复习） reunion（团圆，重聚）restart（重新开始） reconstruction（重建） 3.表示相反、反对的意思。例如：rebel（反叛，谋反） reverse（反转，颠倒）resist（反抗，抵抗） D DETAILEDETAILED A AN

60、ALYSISNALYSIS Unit 6 The Green Banana in case 以防；以防； 万一；万一； 如果如果 It is followed by the simple present, simple past tense, or “should”.原则上说，若主句为现在时态，则从句也用 现在时态；主句为过去时态，从句也用过去时态。 Take a raincoat in case it rains. I gave him a call in case he didnt know. I dont let him go out in this weather in case he