翻译课件整理

1、The selection of word meanings（一）according to the parts of speech(1) E: Like charges repel; unlike charges attract. C: 相同的电荷相斥，不同的电荷相吸。 like: 相同的 adjective(2) E: He likes mathematics more than physics. C:他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理学。 like: 喜欢 verb(3) E: In the sunbeam passing through the window there are fine grain

2、s of dust shining like gold. C: 在射入窗内的阳光里，细微的尘埃像金子一般在闪闪发亮。 like: 像 preposition(4) E: Like knows like. C: 英雄识英雄。 like: 同样的人或物；英雄 noun（二）according to the context and the collocation of wordsLast:(1) E: He is the last man to come. C: 他是最后来的。(2) E: He is the last man to do it. C: 他决不会干那件事。(3) E: He is t

3、he last person for such a job. C: 他最不配干这个工作。(4) E: He should be the last (man) to blame. C: 怎么也不该怪他。(5) E: He is the last man to consult. C: 根本不宜找他商量。(6) E: This is the last place where I expected to meet you. C: 我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。Take off: E: To take off her boots or to put them on was an agony to h

4、er, but it had been an agony for years. C: 脱鞋或穿鞋对她是一种痛苦，但这已是多年以来的痛苦了。(2) E: He always sits on the very edge of his chair when he is working, as though about to take off. C: 他工作的时候，总是坐在椅子边上，好像随时都会跳起身来的样子。 E: Their first major design was a pleated denim jean with external pockets dubbed “baggies” that

5、 took off in high schools and colleges and soon was imitated by other apparel manufacturers. C: 他们的头一项重要设计是一种打褶的、缝上明袋的蓝色斜纹粗布裤，这种裤子人们称为“袋子”，在中学和大学中首先流行，接着别的服装商店也都很快仿制起来。The extension of word meanings（一）abstracting the word meanings1. 将表示具体形象的词译成该形象所代表的属性的词(1) E: There is a mixture of the tiger and th

6、e ape in the character of the imperialists. C: 帝国主义者的性格既残暴，又狡猾。(2) E: Every life has its roses and thorns. C: 每个人的生活都有甜有苦。2. 将带有特征性形象的词译成该形象所代表的概念的词(1) E: See-sawing between partly good and faintly ominous, the news for the next four weeks was never distinct. C: 在那以后的四个星期内，消息时而部分有所好转，时而又有点不妙，两种情况不断地

7、交替出现，一直没有明朗化。（二）concretizing the word meanings(1) E: The car in front of me stalled and I missed the green. C: 我前头的那辆车停住了，我错过了绿灯。Positive or negative (commendatory term or derogatory term)（一）本身就含褒贬意义的词(1) E: He was a man of high renown (fame). C: 他是位有名望的人。（褒义）(2) E: His notoriety as a rake did not c

8、ome until his death. C: 他作为流氓的恶名是他死后才传开来的。（贬义）(3) E: The tasks carried out by them are praiseworthy. C: 他们进行的事业是值得赞扬的。（褒义）(4) E: Henry keeps boasting that he has talked to the President. C: 亨利总是吹嘘说他曾同总统谈过话。（贬义）(5) E: “He was polite and always gave advice willingly,” she recalled. C: 她回忆说，“他彬彬有礼，总是诲人

9、不倦。” （褒义）(6) E: We were shocked by his coarse manners. C: 我们对他的粗暴态度感到震惊。（贬义）（二）本身中立，但在一定上下文中含有褒贬的意味 E: Many people think that he is one of the most ambitious politicians of our time. C: 很多人认为他是现今最有野心的政客之一。(2) E: Although he is very young, he is very ambitious in his research work. C:他虽然很年轻，但是在研究工作中却

10、充满了雄心壮志。(3) E: The stubborn boy refused to listen to his parents advice. C: 这个倔强的男孩不肯听父母的忠告。(4) E: The invaders met a stubborn resistance from the local people. C: 侵略者遭到了当地人民顽强的抵抗。(5) E: She is fidgety and restless. C:她生性急躁不安。(6) E: All the inventors have a restless mind. C: 所有的发明家都有一个思想活跃的头脑。 Exerc

11、ises: （一）根据right在句中的词类确定其词义并翻译句子。1. It is not right for children to sit up late.孩子们睡得晚不好。（形容词）2. The plane was right above our heads.飞机正好在我们头上面。（副词）3. She seated me on her right.她让我坐在她的右边。（名词）4. Righting the economy will demand major cuts in expenditure.恢复经济需要大量削减开支。（动词）（二）根据上下文及搭配关系确定划线部分的词义并翻译句子。1

12、. He is ill; that accounts for his absence.他病了，这就是他缺席的原因。2. In this battle he accounted for five of the enemy.他在这场战争中消灭了五个敌人。3. I want you to account for every cent you spent.我要你把花费的每分钱都交代清楚。4. Society is made up of people with widely differing abilities.社会是由具有迥然不同的能力的人组成的。5. They made up a bed on t

13、he sofa for the unexpected visitor.他们把沙发收拾一下让这位不速之客睡。6. We have to drive fast to make up the hour we lost in Boston.我们不得不加快车速，以弥补在波士顿所耽误的时间。 7. The foreign trade has risen to unprecedented figures.对外贸易的数字有了空前的增长。8. Dr. Eliot was one of the most revered figures in the world of learning.艾略特博士是学术界最受尊敬的

14、人物之一。9. On the desk there was a bronze figure of Plato.书桌上有一尊柏拉图的铜像。10. He saw dim figures moving towards him.他隐隐约约看见一些人影在向他跟前移动。11. June was good at figure skating.琼善于花式溜冰。（三）根据上下文及逻辑关系对划线词作进一步引申，并翻译句子。1. There was no provocation for such an angry letter.写这样一封生气的信简直是毫无道理。 2. Fattys Restaurant had b

15、ecome an institution in his life in the last seven years.去法提餐厅就餐，七年来已成了他生活中惯常的事情。 3. The trunk was big and awkward and loaded with books. But his case was a different proposition.那个箱子又大又笨重，装的都是书；不过他随身带的箱子却是另一回事。 4. The wedding, which Heyward still remembered with pride, was attended by a Whos Who of

16、 Boston Society.参加婚礼的有波士顿社会名流，赫华德想到这次婚礼时，仍然感到非常得意。 5. The invention of machinery had brought into the world a new era the Industrial Age. Money had become King.机器的发明使世界进入了一个新纪元即工业时代，金钱成了主宰一切的权威。 （四）根据上下文确定划线部分的褒贬意义，并翻译句子。1. They predicted the youth would have a bright future.他们预言，这个年轻人会有一个锦绣前程。 2. J

17、ohn was an aggressive salesman who did his job quite well.约翰是一个积极肯干的推销员，他工作干得很出色。 3. Hitler pursued an aggressive policy after he seized power.希特勒夺取了政权之后就推行侵略政策。 4. Hans was too obviously flattering the gentleman by saying he was the most courageous man he had ever seen.汉斯说，这位先生是他所见到过的最有胆识的人。这种阿谀奉承未

18、免过于露骨。 5. Mr. Brown felt greatly flattered when he received the invitation to deliver a lecture.布朗先生接到作演讲的邀请时感到非常荣幸。 一、转译成动词名词、介词、形容词、副词 动词(1) E: One after another, speakers called for the downfall of imperialism, abolition of exploitation of man by man ,liberation of the oppressed of the world. C:

19、发言人一个接一个表示要打倒帝国主义，要消灭人剥削人的制度，要解放世界上的被压迫人民。(2) E: Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. C: 火箭已经用来探索宇宙。(3) E: The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. C: 看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，令我特别神往。(4) E: A glance through his office window offers a panoramic vi

20、ew of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial. C: 从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。(5) E: I am afraid I cant teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I. C: 我未必会教你游泳。我想我的弟弟比我教得好。(6) E: Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young mans past wrong

21、doings. C: 在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了年青人过去所干的坏事。(7) E: She is a well-known singer. C: 她是一名著名的歌唱家。 E: Some of my classmates are good singers. C: 我同班同学中有些人唱歌唱得很好。(8) E: The next news bulletin, shorter than usual, made no mention of the demonstration. C: 下一个新闻节目比通常短，没有提到游行。(9) E: He worked long hours on meager food

22、, in cold caves, by dim lamps. C: 他吃简陋的饮食，住寒冷的窑洞，靠微弱的灯光，长时间地工作。(10) E: “Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch. C: “来啦！”她转身蹦着跳着地跑了，越过草地，跑上小路，跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。(11) E: Carlisle Street runs westward, across a great black bridge, down a h

23、ill and up again, by little shops and meat-markets, past single-storied homes, until suddenly it stops against a wide green lawn. C: 卡列斯尔大街往西伸展，越过一座黑色大桥，爬下山岗又爬了上去，经过许多小铺和肉市，又经过一些平房，然后突然冲着一大片绿色草地终止了。(12) E: Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life. C: 医生们说他们不 敢肯定能否救得了他的命。(13) E

24、: The fact that she was able to send a message was a hint. But I had to be cautious. C: 她能够给我带个信儿这件事就是个暗示。但是我必须小心谨慎。(14) E: Naturally the Nazi soldiers were more concerned with saving their own lives than with taking ours. C: 当然，纳粹士兵们对救他们自己的命，比起要我们的命，要关心得多了。(15) E: As he ran out, he forgot to have h

25、is shoes on. C: 他跑出去时，忘记了穿鞋子。(16) E: That day he was up before sunrise. C: 那天他在日出以前就起来了。(17) E: She opened the window to let fresh air in. C: 她把窗子打开，让新鲜空气进来。二、转译成名词 E: Formality has always characterized their relationship. C: 他们之间的关系，有一个特点，就是以礼相待。 E: To them, he personified the absolute power. C: 在他

26、们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。 E: In the early dawn, the guard towers were silhouetted against the sky. C: 黎明时，天空映出了瞭望塔的轮廓。(4) E: Throw a tennis ball on the floor. The ball bounces back. In the same way, when light falls on certain things it bounces back. When this happens, the light is said to be reflected. C: 将网

27、球扔到地板上，球会弹回来。同样，光照到某些物体上时也会弹回来。这种情况叫做光受到反射。(5) E: Satellites, however, must be closely watched, for they are constantly being tugged at by the gravitational attraction of the sun, moon and earth. C: 由于经常受到太阳、月亮及地球引力的影响，卫星活动必须加以密切的观察。(6) E: They did their best to help the sick and the wounded. C: 他们尽

28、了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。(7) E: Stevenson was eloquent and elegantbut soft. C: 史蒂文森有口才、有风度，但很软弱。(8) E: The Wilde family were religious. C: 王尔德全家都是虔诚的教徒。(9) E: They were considered insincere. C: 他们被人认为是伪君子。Exercises: 一、转译成动词 E: An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs. C: 读一点世

29、界历史，对学习时事是有帮助的。 E: A view of Mt. Fuji can be obtained from here. C: 从这里可以看到富士山。 E: At the thought of the mishap his legs stiffened under him and couldnt move a step further. C: 他一想到这场灾难，两腿就像有千斤重，再也挪不动一步了。4. E: He is no smoker, but his father is a chain-smoker. C: 他倒是不抽烟，但他爸爸却一支又一支不停地抽。5. E: He was a

30、 regular visitor. C: 他经常来。6. E: She is a lover of Chinese painting. C: 她热爱中国画。7. E: He has already made mention of the matter in his speech. C: 他在演讲中曾提到过这件事。8. E: She had high praise for Dr. Lee, although she complained about his strictness. C: 她高度赞扬了李医生，但是抱怨他过于严格。9. E: The judge sat in the dining-r

31、oom amid his morning mail. C: 法官坐在餐厅里处理早上收到的邮件。10. E: They were not content with their present achievements. C: 他们不满足于他们现有的成绩。11. E: They were suspicious and resentful of him. C: 他们不信任他，讨厌他。12. E: If we were ignorant of the structure of the atom, it would be impossible for us to study nuclear physic

32、s. C: 如果我们不知道原子的结构，我们就不能研究核物理学。 13. E: “Please do let me in! They are searching for me,” he begged. C: “请让我进来吧！他们正在搜索我，”他恳求道。二、转译成名词。1. E: Because he had struck a boss, he was blacklisted and lost his job. C: 由于打了一个工头，他被列入黑名单，不能在肥料厂工作了。2. E: His image as a good student was badly tarnished. C: 他作为一个好

33、学生的形象，已遭受到很大的玷污。3. E: He was snuffed by the top-ranking officials there. C: 他受到那边高级官员的冷遇。4. E: They are going to build a school for the blind and the deaf. C: 他们将为盲人和聋人修建一所学校。5. E: All the wounded were sent to the hospital right away. C: 全体伤员立即被送往医院。Homework :转译成动词 Alloy steels are formed by the add

34、ition of one or more of the following elements: nickel, tungsten, silicon and small amounts of other alloying elements. 加进下列一种或几种元素可制成各种合金钢：镍、钨、硅和少量别的合金元素。2. He urged upon citizens of the country the necessity of persisting in participation in political controversies. 他告诫全国公民，必须坚持参加政治论战。3. On the wa

35、lk through the city they saw breadlines. 在走过市区的时候，他们看见领救济食物的人排着长队。4. After an impatient oath or two, she got her hair away from her eyes, sufficiently to obtain a sight of him. 她不耐烦地咒骂了一两声，把头发从眼睛上拨开，才看到了他。5. There were various possible players for the role. 可能扮演这种角色的有好几个人。6. He showed with his eyes

36、that he heard, but made no sign of assent or dissent. 他瞧了他一下，表示他听见了，但没有表示同意或不同意。7. Up the street they went, past stores, across a broad square, and then entered a huge building. 他们沿着大街走去，经过许多商店，穿过一个大广场，然后进入了一座大厦。8. We drove home a bit after midnight, over the river and through the lovely old sleepin

37、g town. 时过午夜，我们驱车回家。先过了河，又穿过了这个在酣睡中的古老而可爱的城市。9. When he went back, the radio was still on, for he had forgotten to turn it off when he left. 他回来时，收音机仍然开着，因为他离开时忘记关了。10. I would usually first overfly Cyprus, with cameras on to see if a fleet was being assembled there. 我总是首先飞临塞浦路斯上空，打开摄影机，侦察在那儿是否有舰队集结

38、。转译成名词1. On that day they were escorted to the Great Wall of China. 他们那天和陪同人员一起去参观中国的长城。2. A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car. 一个穿着讲究的人上了车，他的外表和谈吐都像个美国人。3. They signed two agreements that served to warm up the atmosphere of their relations. 他们签订了两个协定，目的是使他们的

39、关系热呼起来。4. And he warned that the improvement in bilateral relations might be “jeopardized” by a continuation of the war. 他还警告说，如果战争继续下去，双边关系的改善有可能受到“危害”。5. He had deep sympathy for the insulted and the injured. 他对于受侮辱的和受损害的人有深厚的同情心。三、转译成形容词1. The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feel

40、ing at the moment. 她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。2. The security and warmth of the destroyers sick bay were wonderful. 驱逐舰的病室很安全也很温暖，好极了。3. He talked for some time with Bundy, and his questions reflected the enormity of his doubts. 他同邦迪谈了一会儿，他提出的问题反映出他有很大的怀疑。4. The blockade was a success. 封锁很成功。5. As he is a p

41、erfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help. 他对这城市完全陌生，所以我希望你能给他必要的帮助。6. Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study. 独立思考对学习是绝对必需的。四、形容词与副词的互相转译1. We took brief, restless naps, struggled to understand the intermittent broadcasting of the Radio, 我们短短地、不安地睡了几次，

42、竭力想听懂电台断断续续的广播2. It was a clear and unemotional exposition of the Presidents reasons for willing to begin a Chinese-American dialogue. 这篇发言清楚明白、心平气和地说明了总统希望开始中美对话的原因。3. The film impressed him deeply. 这部电影给了他深刻的印象。4. The President had prepared meticulously for his journey. 总统为这次出访作了十分周密的准备。5. This is

43、 sheer nonsense. 这完全是胡说。五、名词与副词的互相转译1. When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor. 只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这人争取过来。2. The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit the city poor. 新市长有礼貌地前来访问城市贫民，获得了他们的一些好感

44、。3. They have not done so well ideologically, however, as organizationally. 但是，他们的思想工作没有他们的组织工作做得好。4. He is physically weak but mentally sound. 他身体虽弱，但思想健康。Homework:名词转译成形容词：1. I recognized the absurdity of dealing with them through intermediaries. 我认识到，通过中间人跟他们打交道是愚蠢的。2. He was still more surprised

45、 at the singularity of the strangers appearance. 他看到那个陌生人的外表非常古怪就更加惊异了。 3. We found difficulty in solving this complicated problem. 我们感到，解决这个复杂的问题是困难的。 4. She promptly shepherded them out of the crowded living room and into the privacy of the library. 她立即把他们领出拥挤的客厅，带到了没人注意的图书馆里去。 5. So the rehabilit

46、ation of the cabin became a necessity. 因此重新布置小屋内的陈设已成为必需的了。 6. The garden-party is a great success. 那个花园聚会真是圆满极了。 形容词转译成副词：1. Warm discussions arose on every corner as to his achievements.到处在热烈讨论他的成就。 2. We place the highest value on our friendly relations with developing countries.我们最高度地珍视同发展中国家的友好

47、关系。3. “Yes,” he said with a slow nod or two. 他慢条斯理地点了一两下头说：“是的。”4. He then acted as a reluctant interpreter.他当时不得已充当了口译。 5. Ive often wondered, in the years since, whether I made the right choice. 究竟我这样做是做对了呢，还是做错了？几年来，我经常在纳闷。 6. He didnt succeed in ringing her up, for he dialed the wrong number.他没有

48、给她打通电话，因为他拨错了号码。7. At last, he whispered a hurried goodbye to his host and darted toward the door.最后，他匆匆地向主人轻声道别，急步走向门口。副词转译成形容词：1. He was deeply impressed by what they did in the critical moment.他们在关键时刻的行为给他留下了深刻的印象。 2. “I suppose boys think differently from girls,” he said. “我想男孩子的思维方式与女孩子是不一样的，”他

49、说。 一、根据意义上或修辞上的需要（一）增加动词1. In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqu. 晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后，他还得起草最后公告。2. There were no speeches, no foreign diplomats, no “ordinary Chinese” with paper flags and bouquets o

50、f flowers.没有发表讲话，没有各国外交官到场，也没有“普通中国人”挥舞纸旗、花束的场面。3. Rostow was about to become, for lack of anyone or anything better, a very influential intellectualthe wrong man at the wrong place with the wrong idea. 因为找不到比他更好的人，也没有更好的办法，于是，罗斯托就要成为一个很有影响的知识分子了，这真是在错误的地方任用错误的人去实行他的错误主张。4. They had been through it

51、all at his sidethe bruising battles, the humiliations of the defeatthrough empty mid-1960suntil at last, in 1968, they were able to savor the sweet taste of triumph. 他们始终站在他的一边，经历过残酷的厮杀，忍受过辛酸的失败，熬过了一事无成的六十年代中期，好不容易挨到一九六八年，他们才尝到了胜利的甜头。 （二）增加形容词With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building soci

52、alism!中国人民正在以多么高的热情建设社会主义啊！（三）增加副词1. The crowds melted away. 人群渐渐散开了。2. As he sat down and began talking, words poured out. 他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个没完。 3. In the films of those days, all too often it was the same one: boy tractor driver meets girl tractor driver; they fall in love and drive tractors togeth

53、er.在那时候的电影里，总是老一套：男拖拉机手和女拖拉机手始而相遇，继而相爱，终而并肩开拖拉机了。4. He was fascinated by the political processesthe wheeling and dealing of presidential politics, the manipulating, releasing and leaking of news, the public and private talks.一幕幕政治花招真使他看入迷了：总统竞选活动中的勾心斗角，尔虞我诈；对新闻消息的幕后操纵、公开发表和有意透露，以及公开和秘密的谈话。（四）增加名词在不及

54、物动词后面增加名词1. Mary washed for a living after her husband died of acute pneumonia. 玛丽在丈夫患急性肺炎去世后，就靠洗衣服维持生活。2. Day after day he came to his worksweeping, scrubbing, cleaning. 他每天来干活扫地，擦地板，收拾房间。3. First you borrow, then you beg. 头一遭借钱，下一遭就讨饭。在形容词前增加名词1. This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine. 这部打字机真是价廉

55、物美。2. A new kind of aircraftsmall, cheap, pilotlessis attracting increasing attention. 一种新型的飞机正越来越引起人们的注意这种飞机体积不大，价钱便宜，无人驾驶。3. He is a complicated manmoody, mercurial, with a melancholy streak. 他是一个性格复杂的人喜怒无常，反复多变，有些忧郁寡欢。在抽象名词后增加名词to persuade 说服 persuasion 说服工作to prepare 准备 preparation 准备工作backward 落后 backwa