初中英语语法之现在完成时讲解练习答案

1、现在完成时【现在完成时】A. 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。【常用时间状语】recently, lately, since+ 时间点 , for+ 数字 +时间名词 , in the past few months/years 等【构成】肯定形式： have/has + done否定形式 ： have/has + not +done一般疑问句 ： have 或 has 放于句首B.现在完成时的用法1）现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成，而对现在有影响。eg. The car has arrived.车子来了。（结果：车子已在门

2、口）Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着）区别： have been to, have gone to, have been inhave been to,表示去过某个地方，不过现在已经回来了have gone to 表示去了，但还没有回来，也许是在去的途中have been in 指的是在某个地方，从过去一直延续到现在例如：你以前去过北京么？例如： A: Is Mr.Wang at home?B: No,he is not in,（他去香港了）2）现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去。常用for 和 sin

3、ce 表示一段时间的状语或 so far， now， today， this week (month ， year)等表示包括现在时间在内的状语。 eg. He has studied English for 5 years.He has studied English since 2001.Now I have finished the work.注意： 表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come， go， die， marry， buy 等的完成时不能与for， since 等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如live ，study， be， wait 等，常和sin

4、ce（自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。如： I have lived here for more than thirty years. 我已在此住了30 多年。由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换arrive be herebegin(start) be ondie be deadcome back be back leave be away fall ill(sick, asleep) be ill(sick, asleep)get up be upgo out be outfinish be overput on wear或 be onopen be openjoin be in：或 b

5、e a member of close be closedgo to school be a studentborrow keepbuy havecatch(a cold) have(a cold)get to know knowbegin to study studycome to work work1例题（） 1.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.A. has leftB. had leftC. has been awayD. had been away（） 2. I _ the League for 5 y

6、ears so far.A. joinedB. have joinedC. have been in（） 3.The factory _ since the February of 1988.A . has been openB. has openedC. was openD. opened（） 4.Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000.A. have madeB. have beenC. madeD. have become（） 5.You mustnt_ until he comes back.A. be awayB. leaveC.

7、be left（） 6.The meeting _ for a week now.A. has finishedB. has endedC. has been over（） 7.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years.A. has been inB. has come toC. has taught（） 8.Ben _ a teacher for 4 years.A. has beenB. has becomeC. wasD. became（） 9. I _ home for a week.A. have returnedB. have been b

8、ack C. returned（） 10. How long _ he _ ?A. diedB. has, diedC. has, been dead（） 11. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon.A. sleptB. was sleepingC. has sleepD. had slept（） 12.He _ the car for a week.A. boughtB. has boughtC. has had（） 13.-How long _ you _ ill ?-Two weeks.A. did fallB. have, fellC. have, be

9、en（） 14.Since 2000, he _ his hometown.A. has leftB. has moved awayC. has been away from（） 15.Ill lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days.A. borrowB. keepC. take练习 单项选择 （） 1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _whats happened to him.A. knewB. have knownC. must knowD. will know（） 2、He h

10、as_ been to Shanghai, has he ?A. alreadyB. neverC. everD. still（） 3、Have you met Mr Li _ ？A. justB. agoC. beforeD. a moment ago（） 4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year .2A. is writingB. was writingC. wroteD. has written（） 5、 Our country _ a lot so far . Yes. I hope it will be even

11、_.A. has changed; wellB. changed; goodC. has changed; betterD. changed; better（） 6、 Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years .A. was; studyingB. will; studyC. has; studiedD. are; studying（） 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .A. knowB. had knownC. have knownD. knew（） 8、Harry Potter is

12、 a very nice film. I _ it twice.A. will seeB. have seenC. sawD. see（） 9、 These farmers have been to the United States . Really? When _ there?A. will they goB. did they goC. do they goD. have they gone（） 10、 _ you _ your homework yet? Yes. I _ it a moment ago.A.Did; do; finishedB.Have; done; finished

13、C.Have; done; havefinishedD.will; do; finish（） 11、 His father _ the club since 1988.A. joinedB. has joinedC. was inD. has been in（） 12、 Do you know her well? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago.A. wereB. have beenC. have becomeD. have made（） 13、 How long have you _ here? About seven years.A. been

14、B. goneC. comeD. arrived（） 14、Hurry up! The program _ for five minutes .A. has begunB. had begunC. has been onD. began（） 15、 It _ ten years since he came Chengdu.A. isB. hasC. willD. was（） 16、Miss Green isnt in the office. She _ to the library.A. has goneB. wentC. will goD. has been（） 17、My parents

15、_ Shandong for ten years .A. have been inB. have been toC. have gone toD. have been（） 18、He _ for 2 hours.A. got upB. has got upC. has been up（） 19、Tom is ill in hospital. He _ a cold for several days.A. isB. catchesC. has caughtD. has had（） 20、His grandparents _ for more than 9 years.A. has come he

16、reB. has started to workC. has lived thereD. has left the university 汉译英 31、 吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。2、 他昨天收到一封信。3、 我父亲以前到过长城。4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。5、 她去过上海。Keys:1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来， 重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是B。2、现在完成时常与 already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever

17、（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不） ，before（以前）， yet（仍然）等连用。故 2 应选 B。3、 C4、现在完成时常与 recently（近来）， so far（到目前为止） ， in the past/ “ last+ 一段时间 ”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故4 应选 D。5、 C6、现在完成时时常与“ for +时间段或since + 过去时间点 ”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故 6 应选 C。7、 C8、现在完成时还与once（一次）， twice （两次）， threetimes（三

18、次），severaltimes（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故8 应选 B 。9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如 yesterday , lastweek , amomentago 等）连用。故9 的正确答案为B 。10、 B11、现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for 和 since 引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故11 的正确答案依次为：D 。12、 B13、 A14、 C15、A 。16、“ have/has goneto + 地点 ”表示 “某人去了某地（还未回来） ”，指主语所指的人不在这儿。“ have/hasbeenin + 地点 ”表示 “在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用。 “ have/has been to+地点 ”表示 “曾经去过某地