【DOC】-Enhanced Network Performance With Microsoft Windows Vista And Windows Server 2008

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3、upDocument # 207180 Enhanced Network Performance Windows Server 2008Hands-on testing reveals incentives to upgrade client and server OSesA white papercommissioned byMicrosoft Corp.White PaperJune 2007Table of ContentsBefore using this document you must agree to the terms of usage.These terms are lis

4、ted on the nal page.Executive Summary5The Art of Progress7Networking Improvements7Window onto the Test Environment10Remote Resource Access in the Enterprise12Copying Microsoft Ofce Files over a WAN12High-speed WAN ScenarioT1/E1 WAN ScenarioOpening Microsoft Ofce Files over a WAN15High-speed WAN Scen

5、arioT1/E1 WAN ScenarioSupporting Mobility in the Workplace18High-speed WAN ScenarioT1/E1 WAN Scenario 2007 The Tolly Group, Inc. 2Table of ContentsBefore using this document you must agree to the terms of usage.These terms are listed on the nal page.Performance with Portals21T1/E1 WAN ScenarioLocal

6、Access to Resources24Copying Microsoft Ofce Files over a LAN24Gigabit Ethernet LAN ScenarioFast Ethernet ScenarioOpening Microsoft Ofce Files Over a LAN27Fast Ethernet ScenarioMaximizing Performance30Appendices31Appendix A: Test Equipment31Hardware conguration 2007 The Tolly Group, Inc. 3Table of Co

7、ntentsBefore using this document you must agree to the terms of usage.These terms are listed on the nal page.Appendix B: Detailed Test Results32SMB Copy File Across a Simulated WANSMB Open File Across a Simulated WANRoaming File Across a Simulated WANMicrosoft SharePoint Open File Across a WANMicros

8、oft Copy File Across a LANMicrosoft Open File Across a LAN 2007 The Tolly Group, Inc. 4 Executive SummaryWith the release of the Windows Vista client operating system, and the upcoming release of Windows Server 2008 network managers face the prospect of integrat-ing these next-generation operating s

9、ystems into their current networks alongside computers running Windows XP and Windows Server 2003. Ultimately, customers will migrate their clients and servers to these new operating systems. Understand-ing, however, the dramatic network performance benets that Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008

10、deliver to clients with the specic issues of low bandwidth and/or high latency will enable network managers to prioritize their deployments to address their most critical problems rst.With the introduction of Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008, Micro-soft delivers an update to its TCP/IP networki

11、ng support that improves the network performance and, ultimately, the end-user experience and produc-tivity of users who require access to resources across wide area and/or local area networks with limited bandwidth (i.e., speed), and/or high delay (latency). Additionally, it could include Fast Ethe

12、rnet or Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) LAN users in a large campus environment. In this case, while band-width is plentiful, the need to traverse many switches, routers, rewalls, etc. can induce delay in the network thus degrading client network performance.Just upgrading client PCs to Microsofts Windows Vi

13、sta can yield throughput and time-to-completion improve-ments of up to 2.5X over Windows XP. Complete migra-tion of servers to Windows Server 2008 can yield throughput and time-to-completion improvements of up to 3.5X over Windows XP/Windows Server 2003.To verify the benets of the improved networkin

14、g implementation, Microsoft Corporation commissioned The Tolly Group to quantify the improvements in network throughput and task completion time when executing commontasks in a variety of scenarios. Importantly, tests were run using key combi-nations of legacy and new client and server operating sys

15、tems to determine benets available to customers. Windows XP and Windows Vista client environments were combined with both Windows Server 2003 R2 and Windows Server 2008 Beta build 6001.Test results show that there are signi cant bene ts for both Phase 1 2007 The Tolly Group, Inc. 5 organizations tha

16、t simply migrate to Windows Vista clients in networks with Windows Server 2003 back-end hosts, and further benets to Phase 2organizations that deploy both Windows Vista clients and Windows Server 2008. Tests show that for Phase 1, when users deploy Windows Vistaclients, throughput improvements range

17、 from 2X to almost 3X and time-to-completion of tasks is reduced by up to 60% over traditional Windows XP installations, when copying or opening Microsoft Ofce les across a simu-lated 10-Mbps WAN over traditional Windows XP installations. The Phase 2 users, those who deploy both Windows Vista client

18、s and Windows Server 2008, experience even greater gains. The tandem of Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 was able to yield up to a 3.3X improvement in throughput and a 3.5X improvement in time to completion. In many test scenarios, the tandem of Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 delivered t

19、he greatest performance gains of any client/server operat- ing system combination, and yielded the most impressive time-to-completion of tasks performed. 2007 The Tolly Group, Inc. 6 The Art of ProgressIt was the English mathematician and philosopher, Alfred North Whitehead who stated that, “The art

20、 of progress is to preserve order amid change.” Although Whitehead wasnt speaking about client and serveroperating systems, his comment applies aptly to the currentevolution of client and server operating systems. MicrosoftsWindows XP and Windows Server 2003 have been the de factostandards for clien

21、t and server operating systems for many years. Now, though, amidst signicant change in enterprise networks, s statement center stage. With the intro-s s updated networking functionality is a focus on increasing ciency on high-bandwidth links ands testing goal was to examine the TCP/IP stack ts of sp

22、ecic stack improve-s Windows Server 2008 Beta is the TCP Receive Window Auto-uctuations in those network conditions. The idea 2007 The Tolly Group, Inc. 7 between TCP peer nodes, there is an increase in network utilization during data transfer. This tuning occurs automatically and dynamically to ens

23、ure that the network is not saturated.In addition to Receive Window Auto-Tuning, the new TCP/IP stack supports Compound TCP (CTCP), a feature that quickly increases the TCP send window for connections with large TCP receive windows and with largebandwidth delay. CTCP attempts to maximize throughput

24、on these types of connections by monitoring delay variations and losses. This feature is enabled by default on Windows Server 2008 and disabled by default in Windows Vista.With Explicit Congestion Notication (ECN) support, routers experiencing congestion can relay this information downstream by mark

25、ing packetsduring the forwarding process. TCP peers receiving marked packets lower their transmission rate to ease congestion and prevent segment losses. Detecting congestion before packet losses are incurred increases the overall throughput between TCP peers.Microsofts new TCP/IP stack also boasts

26、a number of upgrades designed to address high-loss environments. Further, the next-generation TCP/IP stack addresses routing path detection and recovery through NeighborUnreachability Detection for IPv4 and fail-back support for an automatically changed default gateway conguration. IPv4 Neighbor Unr

27、eachability Detection determines the reachability of neighboring nodes through an exchange of unicast Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) messages. IPv4-based sessions benet by identifying when routers are not reachable. These features were already part of IPv6 support.The Windows Vista and Windows Se

28、rver 2008 TCP/IP stack also supports fail-back for default gateway. If the primary gateway changes, the stack continues, periodically, to attempt to send TCP trafc through theprevious gateway. If the TCP trafc sent through the previous gateway is successful, the TCP/IP stack switches the default gat

29、eway to the original default gateway. This is designed to provide faster throughput by sending traf c through the primary router on the subnet.For a full understanding of all the TCP/IP networking enhancements Microsoft has built into Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008, refer to Microsoft s TechN

30、et at: 2007 The Tolly Group, Inc. 8 It is important to note that TCP/IP improvements, alone, do not account for all of the performance benets noted in this white paper. Microsoft has also enhanced Server Message Block (SMB) 2.0. which it uses between Windows Vista clients and back-end Windows Server

31、 2008.SMB, also known as the Common Internet File System (CIFS), is the le sharing protocol used by default on Windows-based computers. SMB in versions of Windows prior to Windows Server 2008 and Windows Vista, known as SMB 1.0, originally was designed 15 years ago for earlyWindows-based network ope

32、rating systems such as Microsoft LANManager and Windows for Workgroups and carries with it the limitations of its initial design.Windows Server 2008 and Windows Vista support SMB 2.0, a new version of SMB that has been redesigned for todays networking environments and the needs of the next generatio

33、n of le servers. According to Microsoft, SMB 2.0 has the following enhancements:Supports sending multiple SMB commands within the same packet. This reduces the number of packets sent between an SMB client and server, a common complaint against SMB 1.0. Supports much larger buffer sizes compared to S

34、MB 1.0. Increases the restrictive constants within the protocol design to allow for scalability. Examples include an increase in the number of concur- rent open le handles on the server and the number of le shares that a server can have.Supports durable handles that can withstand short interruptions

35、 innetwork availability.Supports symbolic links.Computers running Windows Server 2008 or Windows Vista support both SMB 1.0 and SMB 2.0. The version of SMB that is used for le sharingoperations is determined during the SMB session negotiation. The following table shows which version of SMB that is u

36、sed for various combinations of client and server computers. Taken together, the enhancements to TCP/IP and SMB 2.0 help users achieve sizable performance gains, Microsoft says. 2007 The Tolly Group, Inc. 9 The following sections summarize the detailed results of tests that Tolly Group engineers per

37、formed on Windows Vista and Windows XP clients, and Windows Server 2003 R2 and Windows Server 2008 back-end servers.Window onto the Test EnvironmentTolly Group testing of Microsofts Windows client and server operating system products involved a variety of network scenarios. Since each of those tests

38、 share common methodology and setup elements, they will be described once, as they apply to each of the test scenarios.For all tests, Tolly Group engineers benchmarked the performance of two Microsoft client operating systems and two server operating systems. On the client side, tests focused on Win

39、dows XP SP2 and Windows Vista RTM (Release to Manufacturing). On the server side, tests focused on Windows Server 2003 R2 and Windows Server 2008 (Build 6001).Tolly Group engineers employed a variety of test tools to conduct tests. Spirent Communications (Con-NIE) was used to emulate WAN links of 10

40、 Mbps (50 ms delay), represen-tative of a high-speed aggregated link, and 2 Mbps (150 ms delay), model-ing E1/T1 circuit speeds. Spirent ConNIE also was used to introduce latency into the Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) and Fast Ethernet LAN tests.Engineers also used Wireshark (previously known as Ethereal),

41、 an Open Source network protocol analyzer, to capture trafc between clients and servers to quantify task time and calculate throughput.For the WAN test scenarios, engineers congured two servers to share folders with a 10-MB Microsoft Ofce le over simulated network links. First, engineers logged into

42、 the servers from the clients using Windows Explorer and located the share folders. Then they copied the 10-MB le from the server to the client by dragging the le onto the clients desktop. While the le was copying from the servers to the clients, Ethereal was used to capture the transfer traf c. Eng

43、ineers ran the test three times and the results were averaged. For some test scenarios, rather than copy les 2007 The Tolly Group, Inc. 10 across the simulated links, the les were opened on the client from across the connections.For the LAN test scenarios, engineers examined the impact on perform-an

44、ce of sending a 10-MB Microsoft Ofce le via the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol across simulated GbE and Fast Ethernet links between Windows XP/Windows Vista clients and back-end Windows Server 2003 R2/Windows Server 2008 servers.In order to demonstrate Microsofts next-generation TCP/IP stacks a

45、bility to handle latency, engineers introduced LAN delay ranging from 1 millisecond to 5 ms. in the various test scenarios. While such delay may not typically be present in most enterprise LANs, it represents an arbitrary delay variable imposed to illustrate the next-generation TCP/IP capabilities o

46、f theWindows Vista client and Windows Server 2008 products.For the roaming prole test, engineers copied 10-MB user proles (such proles include all elements on a users desktop. including all folders the user may have stored on the desktop. The actual size of a user prole can vary dramatically across

47、users.) from a server (Windows Server 2003 R2 and Windows Server 2008 Build 6001 ) to a client (Windows XP SP2 and Windows Vista RTM ) across simulated WAN links. For this test, engineers congured two servers as Active Directory Domain Controllers with two remote user proles.For the Web portal test,

48、 engineers congured two servers with Windows SharePoint Services 3.0 to allow users to open a 10-MB Microsoft Ofce le across simulated WAN connections. For Microsoft Windows Server 2003 RC 2, engineers added the registry key, “MaxBytesPerSend”(DWORD) and set its value to “1-0xFFFFF” under the follow

49、ing registry location: “HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESystemCurrentControlSetServicesHTTPParameters”.This registry entry overrides the default data buffer size that is used by HTTP.sys and enables higher download speeds in network environments that have high bandwidth and is documented in a Microsoft Knowledgeb

50、ase article at: .Engineers copied the 10-MB le to the SharePoint portal and gave appro- priate permissions to users to view the le on the client machines.Engineers used Internet Explorer 7 browser (for Windows XP and Windows 2007 The Tolly Group, Inc. 11 Vista clients) to connect the SharePoint port

51、al site and clicked on a URL linked to the 10 MB le. Engineers congured Spirent ConNIE to emulate WAN connections for 10 Mbps (50 ms delay) and 2 Mbps (150 ms delay). Ethereal was used to capture trafc between clients and servers when the clients were opening a 10-MB Microsoft Ofce le from the serve

52、r via Microsoft SharePoint portal.Remote Resource Access in the EnterpriseBranch-ofce workers who need to access company servers across theWAN often experience relatively longer download times than users who are local to resources and, in turn, experience higher levels of frustration due to long wai

53、t times. A reduction in download times enables remote workers to eliminate this classic time waster and improve their productivity.Tolly Group engineers examined the impact on performance of sending a 10-MB Microsoft Ofce le via the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol across simulated WAN links betw

54、een Windows XP SP2 and Windows Vista clients and back-end Windows Server 2003 R2 and Windows Server 2008 (Build 6001) servers.Copying Microsoft Office Files over a WANIn this test scenario, engineers mapped a drive on the remote server using Microsofts native SMB protocol. Then, they copied a 10-MB

55、Ofce le from server to client.High-speed WAN ScenarioCopying a 10-MB Microsoft Of ce le from Windows Server 2003R2 to a Windows XP SP2 client consumed 31.2 seconds, at an average throughput rate of 2.7 Mbps over a simulated high-speed10-Mbps link with 50-ms. of delay. 2007 The Tolly Group, Inc. 12 2

56、007 The Tolly Group, Inc. 13 seconds, at a rate of 2.7 Mbps comparable to the Windows Server 2003 R2 results.When a Windows Vista client was paired with the Windows Server 2008 server, the Microsoft Ofce le transfer completed in 9.5 sec-onds, on average, and data was transferred at a rate of over 9 Mbps.AnalysisThe pairing of a Windows Vista client with a Windows Server 2003 R2 resulted in 2.5X faster task processing at a throughput rate more than 2.5X greater than with a Windows XP client. Thus, the tandem of Windows Vista clients and Windows Server 2008 servers delivers the maximum p