高中英语必修三Book3Unit4astronomywarmingupreadingPPT课件

1、Unit 4Unit 4 Astronomy: Astronomy: the science of the starsthe science of the stars How much do you know about the universe? Think about these questions and then discuss them with your partner. 1 In our solar system eight planets circle around the sun. What are they? Can you match the names with the

2、 planets? solar system 太阳系 Mercury(水星水星) Venus(金星金星) Mars(火星火星)Jupiter(木星木星) Uranus(天王星天王星) Neptune(海王星海王星) Earth(地球地球) Saturn(土星) My Very Excellent Mother Just Sent Us Nine Pizzas How to remember the order of the eight planets around the sun? Earth Jupiter MarsMercury Neptune SaturnUranus Venus 水星最

3、接近太阳，是太阳系中第二小行星。水星的英文名字MercuryMercury来自罗马神墨 丘利。墨丘利也就是希腊神话中的HermesHermes。或许由于水星在空中移动得快，才使它 得到这个名字。 金星是离太阳第二近，太阳系中第六大行星。古希腊人称之为Aphrodite(Aphrodite(阿芙罗狄 蒂) )，是希腊神话中爱与美的女神。而在罗马神话中爱与美的女神是维纳斯 Venus Venus ，因此金星也称做“维纳斯”。 地球是距太阳第三颗，它是太阳系类地行星中最大的一颗，也是太阳系第五大行星， 行星年龄估计大约有4545亿年(4.5(4.5109)109)。地球是唯一一个不是从希腊或罗马神中

4、得 到的名字。EarthEarth一词来自于古英语及日耳曼语。这里当然有许多其他语言的命名。 在罗马神话中，地球女神叫TellusTellus肥沃的土地。 火星为距太阳第四远，也是太阳系中第七大行星。因为火星在夜空中看起来是血红 色的，所以在西方，以罗马神话中的战神MarsMars命名它。 木星是离太阳第五颗行星，而且是最大的一颗。木星是天空中第四亮的物 体。木星是自转最快的行星。在西方称它为朱庇特JupiterJupiter，是罗马神话 中的众神之王，相当于希腊神话中的宙斯（ZeusZeus）。 土星是离太阳第六远的行星。是太阳系中仅次于木星的第二大行星。中国 古代称之为镇星或填星。土星的英

5、文名字SaturnSaturn（以及其他绝大部分欧洲 语言中的土星名称）是以罗马神的农神萨杜恩命名的。希腊神话中的农神 CronusCronus是UranusUranus（天王星）和该亚的儿子，也是宙斯的父亲。 天王星是太阳系中离太阳第七远行星，颜色为灰蓝色，是一颗巨型 气体行星(Gas Giant)(Gas Giant)。以直径计算，天王星是太阳系第三大行星； 天王星的命名，是取自希腊神话的天神乌拉诺斯 Uranus Uranus。乌拉诺 斯是古希腊神话中的宇宙之神，是最早的至高无上的神。他是该亚 的儿子兼配偶，是CronusCronus（农神土星）、独眼巨人和泰坦（奥林匹 斯山神的前辈）的

6、父亲。 海王星为太阳系九大行星中的第八个，是一个巨行星。海王星。目 前海王星是太阳系内离太阳第二远的行星。海王星的名字是罗马神 话中的海神涅普顿（NeptuneNeptune）。古希腊神话中海神叫波塞冬 (Poseidon)(Poseidon)。 What interests you in astronomy? Do you know any questions that astronomers are interested in? Aristotle 亚里斯多德 Metaphysics (宇宙哲学) 张衡张衡(78 AD - 139 AD), earliest astronomer in C

7、hina Later Han Dynasty Seismography 地地 震仪震仪 Invented seismography and the Armillary Sphere (浑天仪浑天仪) so as to observe the universe and predict earthquake Galileo 伽利略 Galileo made a series of profound discoveries using his new telescope, including the moons of the planet Jupiter and the phases of the

8、planet Venus (similar to those of Earths moon). Copernicus 哥白尼 sun-centered or heliocentric (以太阳为以太阳为 中心中心) theory Isaac Newton, 牛顿牛顿 16421727 Universal gravitation 万有引力 gravity 地心引力, 重力 Einstein, Albert (1879-1955) 爱因斯坦 Relativity (相对论相对论) and the Cosmos (宇宙宇宙) The theory about black holes (黑洞理论) B

9、lack holes Satellites 卫星卫星 Space flights (太空飞行) Cheer up Float Weightless Carbin 1. Do you know the origin of life on earth? 2. Each religion or culture has its own ideas about how life began on earth. In Chinese culture _ separates(分) the sky from the earth. Pangu 盘古 sky earth _ made human beings.N

10、uwa (女娲女娲) In western countries: _ created the world and all living things. God (上帝) Day 1: God spoke and separated light from darkness creating Day and Night Day 2: God spoke and separated the water creating sky and ocean Day 3: God spoke and created dry land The Biblical Account Day 4: God spoke a

11、nd created the sun, moon and stars Day 5: God spoke and created living creatures in the air and sea Day 6: God spoke and created the land animals and man Day 7: God rested and blessed this day calling it Holy Unit 4Unit 4 How Life Began on the EarthHow Life Began on the Earth Big Bang A solid ball A

12、tmosphere The earth 地球大气 The earths atmosphere nitrogen oxygen dioxide carbon vapour It was full of water. Original cells. The cells in the water began to separate. water Plants in the water Shellfish and fish Plants on land Insects and amphibians Reptiles Dinosaurs Mammals Man had evolved from apes

13、. 1. Why was the earth different from other planets? A. It produced a lot of heat. B. The water remained. C. The water disappeared. D. It was the oldest planet. Choose the best answer. B 2. Why was life able to develop on the earth but not on other planets? A. The earth had a solid shape. B. The ear

14、th did not have harmful gases in its atmosphere. C. The water stayed on the earth but not on other planets. D. The earth was not too hot and not too cold. C 3. Why was it necessary for plants to grow before animals? A. Animals needed plants to protect them from the sun. B. Plants provided oxygen for

15、 animals to breathe. C. Animals could hide from hunters in the forest. D. It was easier for plants to grow. B 4. It can be inferred from the text that _. A. after “Big Bang”, what the dust was to become remained a mystery B. plants appeared before the animals C. plants multiplied and filled the ocea

16、ns with oxygen D. plants played an important part in the appearance of the animals D A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universe The formation of the earth The importance of water for life The development of plants and animals on the earth The arrival of humans and their impact on t

17、he earth Para.1 Para. 2 Para. 3 Para. 4 Para. 5 The main idea for each paragraph. Put the events into a timeline. 1. Insects and amphibians appeared. 3. The earth became a solid ball. 5. Reptiles appeared. 7. The earth was a cloud of dust. 9. Shellfish and other fish appeared. 11. Clever animals wit

18、h hands and feet appeared. Keys: 10 7 3 8 4 9 6 1 5 2 12 11 2. Dinosaurs appeared. 4. Small plants grew on the water. 6. Plants began to grow on dry land. 8. Water appeared on the earth. 10. The universe began with a “Big Bang”. 12. Mammals appeared. Combine into Explode with fire and rock dissolve

19、harmful gases Big BangEnergetic dust a violent solid ball AtmosphereWater oceans and seas Cool down Finish the following form. Para 1-3 A cloud of energetic dust A solid ball Atmosphere A world full of water 4 1 3 2 Combine into Explode with fire and rock dissolve harmful gases Cool down water green

20、 plants on land 2 3 4 How life began on the earth Analysing 5 6 7 8 forests shellfish and all sorts of fish insects (on land) amphibians (on land and in water) reptiles (on land) dinosaurs (on land) mammals (on land) small clever animals with hands and feet human small plants in water1 arrival of sm

21、all plants in water early shellfish plantsanimals all sorts of fish early shellfish A few kindsmany kinds Plants in the water Plants on land waterland insects dinosaurs simplecomplex Fill in the blanks. The arrival of _ encouraged the _of early _. Many millions of years later _ began to appear _. La

22、ter _ appeared. Some were_. Others called _, were able to live on lands well as _. When the plants grew into forests, _appeared for the first time. After they disappeared, _became more important. They were the last group of animals different from because they _milk from within their bodies. developm

23、ent shellfish and all sorts of fish on land land animals amphibians dinosaurs mammals produced small plants the first green plants insects in the sea 1. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 1) violent 猛烈的, 激烈的 2) whether 可以引导主语从句、表语从句、 宾语从句和同位语从句; 而i

24、f只能引导宾语从句。 引导宾语从句既可以用whether, 也可以用if。 Could you tell us whether / if it snows in winter in Australia? 2. They were in time to produce in time 及时; 终于 The doctor came in time to save her life . 医生及时赶来救了她的命。 注意: in time 还有“过些时候; 最后”之意。 Youll get used to it in time. 过些时候你会习惯它的。 Dont worry. Im sure thing

25、s will get better in time. 别着急, 我肯定过些时候事情会好转的。 与time相关的短语: in no time 立刻, 马上 at times 有时 at a time 每次; 依次 once upon a time 从前 on time 按时; 准时 at one time 从前 for the time being 暂时 from time to time 不时地 3. atmosphere n. 大气层大气层; 气氛气氛 An atmosphere of tension filled the room. 屋子里笼罩着紧张的气氛。屋子里笼罩着紧张的气氛。 The

26、 atmosphere over dinner was warm and friendly. 用餐时洋溢着热情友好的气氛。用餐时洋溢着热情友好的气氛。 注意注意: 指指“大气层大气层”时时, 常用常用 the atmosphere; 指指 “气氛气氛”时时, 常使用单数形式。常使用单数形式。 4. .as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. 随着地球的冷却随着地球的冷却, 地球的表面就开始出现了水。地球的表面就开始出现了水。 1) cool down 变凉变凉, 冷却冷却 2) appear “出现出现,似乎

27、似乎”是不及物动词当表示是不及物动词当表示 “似乎，好像似乎，好像”时是系动词时是系动词, 该词无被动语态。该词无被动语态。 Our teacher appeared on TV this morning. She is fifty but she appears young. 她五十岁了, 但看起来很年轻。 5. by laying eggs. 放, 把放在；产卵 He laid his books on the desk. 注意: 说谎 lie lied lied 躺；位于 lie lay lain 下蛋；搁放 lay laid laid 口诀：规则的说谎, 不规则的躺， 躺过就下蛋，下蛋

28、不规则。 The naughty boy _ to me that the hen that _ there just now had _ two eggs the day before. A. laid; laid; laid B. laid; lay; lain C. lied; laid; lain D. lied; lay; laid D 6. give birth to 1) 生(孩子) Shes just given birth to a healthy baby girl. 她刚刚生了个健康的女婴。 2) 产生 The extraordinary experience gave

29、birth to his latest novel. 这段奇特的经历促成了他的最新的一部 小说的诞生。 7. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 他们把太多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中, 这就 使得热量不能从地球上散发到太空中去。 prevent sth. / sb. (from) doing sth. 制止(防止)某人(某物)做某事 Nothing can prevent this pla

30、n from being carried out. 注意: keep sb. from doing sth.中from不可省略, prevent / stop sb. from doing sth.中的from可省， 但如在被动语态中, 他们中的from都不可省。 I tried to keep him from waiting for her. 我试图叫他不要再等她了。 I tried to keep him waiting for her. 我试图让他等她。 8. the earth may become too hot to live on. 地球可能会因此变得太热而不适合生物的生存。地

31、球可能会因此变得太热而不适合生物的生存。 有关有关too的一些用法。的一些用法。 1) too作作 “太太” 讲。讲。 There is too much water. 水太多了。水太多了。 2) “too adj.to”, 有两种意义, 一种为“太 以至(不)”, The question is too hard to understand. 问题太难, 理解不了。 3) “only/all/not/buttoo adj. to ”, 后面的动词不定式在翻译时不必加否定词。 only等与too连用等于very (非常)。 I shall be only too pleased to hear

32、 from you further. 我非常欢迎你再来信。 They are but too glad to do so. 他们非常喜欢这么做。 We are only too pleased to work together with the workers. 我们和工人们一起劳动, 非常高兴。 4) “cannotcan never.too”, 表示“无论怎样 也不会过分”。 You cannot praise him too highly. 你无论怎样表扬他也不过分。 5) 当too用于数量增减时, 表示“过 (多、少、 长等)”的意思。 He has given me six too

33、many . 他多给了我六个。 - Are you going to the football game? - No. The tickets are _ expensive for me. A. very much B. far too C. highly D. so much 解析: “too+形容词+for sb.”表示“太”, far 可置于too前表示程度。 B 9. whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can

34、 be solved. 在未来的千百万年中, 生命能否在地球上 延续将取决于这个问题能否得到解决。 depend vi. 相信，信赖；依靠，依赖 (尤指 钱)； 视而定。 You can depend on John he is always on time. 你可以相信约翰, 他总是很准时。 相关短语： believe sb. 相信某人 ( (所说的话) ) believe in sb. 信任/信赖某人 trust (in) sb. 相信/信任/信赖某人 depend on count on sb. rely on 信任 / 相信 / 依赖 / 依靠某人 Tell him what you

35、want to say; hes a man to _. A. count B. believe C. trust D. depend 解析: 相信/信赖某人: count on sb./ believe in sb./depend on sb./trust (in) sb. C Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars Learning about language present presence violent confident different patient violence confidence difference patience

36、 1 Use the correct prefix or suffix for each word. Write out the new word and explain the difference between the two. Discovering useful words and expressions certain fair paid like kindunkind uncertain unfair unpaid unlike culture globe universe agriculture mathematics mathematical cultural global

37、universal agricultural art physics chemistry biology sciencescientist artist physicist chemist biologist 1. At the beginning, the earth had no _. A. dust B. atoms C. water D. matter 2. The development of a planet generally depends on _ combining together. A. atoms B. rocks C. gases D. water C A 2 Ch

38、ooses the correct word to fill in each of these blanks. 3. The _ of mammals happened after the disappearance of the dinosaurs. A. harmful B. system C. spread D. method 4. Mammals _ when the animals that were harmful to them disappeared. A. prevented B. multiplied C. depended D. existed C B Is the mo

39、on a planet? This question is _ if students are to show that they understand the nature of _. fundamental astronomy astronomy atom fundamental puzzle exist prevent from as a result gave birth to 3 Complete the following passage with the words and phrases below in the correct form. Some scientists th

40、ink that the earth _ the moon because the moon circles our planet. Others believe that the moon _ before the earth was formed. They think that earlier in time it travelled through space as a small planet which was caught by the earths gravity. _, it goes around our planet. gave birth to existed As a

41、 result The evidence for this theory is that the _ that make up the rocks on the moon seem to be different from those on earth. What is clear is that the moon is smaller than the earth and this _ it _ escaping from the earth. Although its origin may still be a _, the moon can never be anything more

42、than a satellite of the earth. atoms preventsfrom puzzle violent patient gentle angry rude relaxing kind shocked excited easy- going calm crazy 4 In pairs divide these adjectives into two groups: emotional words and calm words. Emotional wordsCalm words violent angry rude shocked excited crazy patient gentle relaxing kind easy- going calm How much do y