虚拟语气（干货分享）

1、1 虚拟语气 2 一一. .虚拟语气的类型虚拟语气的类型 1 1、实际意义上的虚拟语气。、实际意义上的虚拟语气。 They talked as if they They talked as if they had beenhad been friends for years. friends for years. 2 2、虚拟语气形式。、虚拟语气形式。 The order was that we The order was that we (should) stay(should) stay where we were. where we were. 3 二二. .实际意义上的虚拟语气实际意义

2、上的虚拟语气 1 1、小小顺口溜、小小顺口溜 虚拟语气并不难虚拟语气并不难, , 从句时态都提前从句时态都提前, , 主句主句wouldwould加在前，注意动词要还原。加在前，注意动词要还原。 （省略（省略if if要倒装）要倒装） e.g. e.g. 1 1）If I If I werewere in your shoes, I in your shoes, I wouldwould accept the terms. accept the terms. 2 2） If we If we had lefthad left earlier, we earlier, we wouldnt ha

3、ve missedwouldnt have missed the train. the train. 3 3） I wish I I wish I werewere as clever as you as clever as you 4 2 2、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 所述情所述情 况况 if if 从句从句 主句主句 与过去与过去 相反相反 if + if + 主语主语 + had done+ had done主语主语 + would/ could/ + would/ could/ might/should + have done might/should + h

4、ave done 与现在与现在 相反相反 if + if + 主语主语 + did+ did （bebe动词用动词用werewere） 主语主语 +would/ could/ +would/ could/ might/should + do might/should + do 与将来与将来 相反相反 if + if + 主语主语 + did+ did if + if + 主语主语 + were to + do+ were to + do if + if + 主语主语 + should + do+ should + do 主语主语+ would/ could/ + would/ could/ m

5、ight/should domight/should do 5 此表中需要注意几点：此表中需要注意几点： 1 1bebe动词在表示与现在事实相反的从句中一般用动词在表示与现在事实相反的从句中一般用werewere。在非正式情况下，第一、。在非正式情况下，第一、 第三人称后偶尔也用第三人称后偶尔也用waswas。如：。如： If he were/was you, he would go at once.If he were/was you, he would go at once. 2 2主句中的主句中的shouldshould通常用于第一人称，通常用于第一人称，would, couldwoul

6、d, could以及以及mightmight可以用于各种人可以用于各种人 称。称。 3 3在表示与将来事实相反的条件句中，只能用在表示与将来事实相反的条件句中，只能用shouldshould，而不能用，而不能用would, couldwould, could 和和mightmight等。如：等。如： If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. （should rainshould rain也可以用也可以用 rained, wer

7、e to rainrained, were to rain代替）代替） 6 4 4、主句和、主句和if if条件句时态不一致（单独虚拟）。如：条件句时态不一致（单独虚拟）。如： If he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now.If he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now. If you were in better health, we would have allowed you to join them in the If you

8、 were in better health, we would have allowed you to join them in the work.work. 7 含蓄条件句含蓄条件句 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if if引导的条件句，而通过其他引导的条件句，而通过其他 手段来替代条件句。手段来替代条件句。 1 1用介词短语替代条件句。常用介词有用介词短语替代条件句。常用介词有with, without, but forwith, without, but for等。如：等。如： We couldnt have succeeded

9、 without your help(=If we hadnt got your help). We couldnt have succeeded without your help(=If we hadnt got your help). What would you do with a million dollars?What would you do with a million dollars? But for the rainBut for the rain（=If it hadnt been for the rain=If it hadnt been for the rain）,

10、we would have finished the , we would have finished the work. work. 8 2. 2. 假设的情况又是可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。如：假设的情况又是可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。如： 1 1）He would have given you more help, but he has been ill.He would have given you more help, but he has been ill. 2 2）I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have taken par

11、t in the parade.( if I I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have taken part in the parade.( if I hadnt been ill,)hadnt been ill,) but, otherwisebut, otherwise连接的两个并列的分句存在单独虚拟现象，即：一个分句为虚拟连接的两个并列的分句存在单独虚拟现象，即：一个分句为虚拟 句，另一个分句为真实句。句，另一个分句为真实句。 9 3 3）It would be a mistake not to help him.( It would be a

12、 mistake if we didnt It would be a mistake not to help him.( It would be a mistake if we didnt help him.)help him.) Anyone in her position would have done the same.Anyone in her position would have done the same. 有些句子相当于一个条件从句，谓语也可用虚拟语气。有些句子相当于一个条件从句，谓语也可用虚拟语气。 4 4）Suppose we told her the truth.Supp

13、ose we told her the truth. 5 5）Imagine your child played truant.Imagine your child played truant. 10 省略省略if if的情况的情况 如果从句中含有系动词、情态动词或助动词（如果从句中含有系动词、情态动词或助动词（were, had, shouldwere, had, should或或could could ）时，）时， 可省略可省略if if，把从句中的，把从句中的were, hadwere, had或或shouldshould或或couldcould提到其主语前形成倒装结构。提到其主语前形成

14、倒装结构。 如：如： Had we made(=If we had made) adequate preparations, we might have Had we made(=If we had made) adequate preparations, we might have succeeded.succeeded. Were it not for their assistance, we would be in serious difficulty.Were it not for their assistance, we would be in serious difficulty.

15、 Should there be a flood, what should we do?Should there be a flood, what should we do? 11 3 3、实际意义上虚拟语气在其它从句中的应用、实际意义上虚拟语气在其它从句中的应用 （从句时态都提前）（从句时态都提前） wishwish后后thatthat引导的宾语从句中。如：引导的宾语从句中。如： I wish I were as clever as you. I wish I were as clever as you. I wish he would try again. I wish he would

16、try again. （表示与将来事实相反）（表示与将来事实相反） as ifas if（thoughthough）引导的表语从句或方式状语从句中。如：）引导的表语从句或方式状语从句中。如：He looks as if/though He looks as if/though he were an artist.he were an artist. 12 would ratherwould rather后的宾语从句中。后的宾语从句中。 （would ratherwould rather后不能加后不能加thatthat。）。） 从句谓语用一般过去时来表示与现在或将来要做的相反的事情，用过去完成时

17、从句谓语用一般过去时来表示与现在或将来要做的相反的事情，用过去完成时 来表示与过去发生的相反的事情。如：来表示与过去发生的相反的事情。如： Id rather you didnt go there.(Id rather you didnt go there.(与将来相反）与将来相反） Id rather we had a rest now. Id rather we had a rest now. （与现在相反）（与现在相反） Id rather you had been here yesterday. Id rather you had been here yesterday. （与过去相反

18、）（与过去相反） If onlyIf only引导的感叹句中。如：引导的感叹句中。如： If only I were a bird. If only I were a bird. （我要是只鸟就好了。）（我要是只鸟就好了。） 13 三三. .虚拟语气形式虚拟语气形式 1) 1)复合句中含有复合句中含有 suggest, advise, recommend, propose, (suggest, advise, recommend, propose, (建议、安排）建议、安排） demand, require (request), ask, urge, desire, demand, requi

19、re (request), ask, urge, desire, ( (要求、渴望）要求、渴望） insist, orderinsist, order（坚持、命令）（坚持、命令） 等等, ,以及其派生词以及其派生词 （如：（如：suggestion, adviceidea) suggestion, adviceidea) 复合句中所含有的名词性从句复合句中所含有的名词性从句 中的谓语动词要用中的谓语动词要用should do, should should do, should 可以省略。如：可以省略。如： The doctor suggested/insisted that she (shou

20、ld) stay in bed for a few days. The doctor suggested/insisted that she (should) stay in bed for a few days. We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) give up the plan.We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) give up the plan. 14 注意：当注意：当suggestsuggest作作“暗示、表明暗示、表明”讲，讲，insistinsist作作“坚

21、持说坚持说”讲，即坚持事实是怎样讲，即坚持事实是怎样 时，后边时，后边thatthat从句不用虚拟语气。如：从句不用虚拟语气。如： Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. The look on his face suggested that he was angry. The look on his face suggested that he was angry. 15 2) 2) 在在It is + It is + 形容词形容词(ne

22、cessary, important, natural, strange, etc. ) + that(necessary, important, natural, strange, etc. ) + that从句中，从句中， 从句中的谓语动词要用从句中的谓语动词要用should do, should should do, should 可以省略。如：可以省略。如： Its necessary that we (should) clean the room every day. Its necessary that we (should) clean the room every day. 3

23、 3）在）在It is/was a pityIt is/was a pity（a shame, no wonder, etc. a shame, no wonder, etc. ） + that+ that从句中，从句中的谓从句中，从句中的谓 语动词要用语动词要用should do, should should do, should 可以省略。如：可以省略。如： It was a pity that our team should lose the game. It was a pity that our team should lose the game. 当然上面当然上面2) 2) 、 3)3)两类的两类的thatthat从句中也可以不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。如：从句中也可以不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。如： It is strange that he did not come yesterday. It is strange that he did not come yesterday. It is a pity that you cant dance.It is a pity that you cant dance. 16 4) It is4) It is（high/abouthigh/