无锡市2014年高三英语一轮复习(艺考生)专题三形容词副词学生版

1、一、形容词和副词的基本用法A形容词：就是用来修饰名词或不定代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。形容词主要作定语、表语、补语。如：1. This is a new pen. 这是支新钢笔。(形容词new作名词pen定语)2. These oranges taste _. (全国卷) A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well3. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes _. (全国卷)A. open B. to be opened C. to open D

2、. opening B副词：就是修饰动词、形容词、其它副词或全句，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。副词在句中主要作状语。如：Its raining heavily. 雨下得很大。(副词heavily修饰谓语动词)Its a rather interesting job. 这是一份相当有趣的工作。(副词rather修饰形容词interesting)She speaks English very well. 她的英语说得很好。(副词very修饰副词well)This is just what he said. 这正是他所说的。(副词just修饰what he said)注：here, the

3、re, in, out, away, abroad等少数副词也可以作表语；here, there, home, abroad, below等表示地点或方位的词及today, tomorrow, yesterday, back, out等表示时间或动词方向词还可以作定语。如：Tom isnt here. 汤姆不在这里。(here作表语)The people there were very kind to us. 那里的人对我们很友好。(副词there作定语，修饰people)二、定语形容词与表语形容词A表语形容词：有的形容词一般只作表语，如表示健康状况的well, unwell, ill, fa

4、int，表示情感反应的glad, sorry, fond, worth, able，以a开头的afraid, alone, asleep, alive, awake, alike, ashamed等。但有的可作后置定语或补语。B定语形容词：通常只作定语的形容词，如起强调作用的only(唯一的), single(唯一的), certain(某一), real(真正的), true(真正的), very(正是), live(活的), exact(准确的), present(在场的)，由名词等转化而来的wooden(木制的), woolen(羊毛制的), drunken(醉的), medical,

5、daily, weekly, electric, former(前任的), some, any, little, many, 及one-eyed之类的复合形容词等。如：This is a medical school. (不说This school is medical. ) 三、形容词作定语的后置规律 形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前，但是在下列情况下作定语的形容词却要位于所修饰的名词之后：A形容词短语作定语时要后置。如：_ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. (全国卷)A.

6、Brave enough students B. Enough brave students C. Students brave enough D. Students enough braveB表语形容词作定语要后置。如：All the people _ at the party were his supporters. (北京卷)A. present B. thankful C. interested D. important如：Is there anything important in the paper? 报纸上有什么重要新闻吗？四、多个形容词作定语的排序多个形容词修饰名词时，其排序规

7、律是：(限定词+程度副词+) 描绘性形容词+表示大小(长短、高低)、形状、年龄(新旧)的形容词+表颜色的形容词+表国籍或产地的形容词+表物质材料的形容词+表类别或用途的形容词+名词。如：1. John Smith, a successful businessman, has a _ car. (辽宁卷)A. large German whiteB. large white German C. white large GermanD. German large white 2. _ students are required to take part in the boat race. (浙江卷

8、)A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong youngC. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese3. The _ house smells as if it hasnt been lived in for years. (江苏卷)A. little white wooden B. little wooden white C. white wooden little D. wooden white little注：限定词的排序：前位限定词 (指量限定词all, both,

9、 half等；倍数词double, twice等；分数词one-third, two-fifths等) +中位限定词 (冠词；指示代词；形容词性物主代词；名词所有格)+后位限定词 (序数词及last, next等；基数词及few, several等)。如：1. The husband gave his wife _ every month in order to please her. (重庆卷)A. all half his incomeB. his half all income C. half his all incomeD. all his half income2. How was

10、your recent visit to Qingdao?It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the _ days at the seaside. (全国卷)A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny fewD. few sunny last五、副词在句中的位置规律 1) 副词修饰形容词或其它副词时，一般位于被修饰词的前面，但enough却要放在被修饰的形容词或副词的后面。如：1. Mum, I think Im _ to get back to school. Not rea

11、lly, my dear. Youd better stay at home for another day or two. (全国卷)A. so wellB. so good C. well enoughD. good enough2. If I had _, Id visit Europe, stopping at the small interesting places. (全国卷)A. a long enough holiday B. an enough long holiday C. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough3. _

12、, some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless. (上海卷)A. Strangely enoughB. Enough strangely C. Strange enough D. Enough strange2) 频度副词always, usually, often, never等一般放在行为动词前，或者情态动词、助动词或be动词之后。如：She always gets up early. 她总是起得早。(副词always放在行为动词gets之前)She is seldom late

13、for school. 他很少上学迟到。(副词seldom放在be动词之后)3) 词表示地点的副词常放在句末；表示确定时间的副词放在句首或句末；表示方式的副词词通常放在“动词(+宾语)”之后，也可放在其它位置；同时有表示时间、地点和方式的副词时，其顺序一般为：方式地点时间。如：_ I went to the railway station to see my friend off. (全国卷)A. After eating quickly my dinner B. After my quickly eating dinnerC. After eating my dinner quickly D

14、. After eating my quickly dinner六、ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别 -ed形容词，通常说明人，意为“(某人)感到”；-ing形容词通常说明事物，意为“(某事物)令人”或“令人的(事物)”。这样成对的形容词有：interested / interesting; excited / exciting; frightened / frightening; surprised / surprising; pleased / pleasing; moved / moving; disappointed / disappointing等。1. Laws that puni

15、sh parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _. (重庆卷)A. worried B. to worried C. worrying D. worry2. It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the reader. A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interestedC. interested; be interesting D. interesting; inter

16、est注：即使-ed形容词用以说明事物，那也是指与该事物相关的人；即使-ing形容词用以说明人，也是指此人具有该性质或特征。如： He told me the news in an excited voice. 他告诉了那个消息，声音很激动。The man is interesting. 这个有很有趣。另外，glad, happy, sorry, angry, thankful, proud等的主语也只能是人；而pleasant, easy, difficult, important等则通常以事物或it作主语，因为它们是说明事物的。如：Im very _ with my own cooking

17、. It looks nice and smells delicious. Mn, it does have a _ smell. (北京卷)A. pleasant; pleasedB. pleased; pleased C. pleasant; pleasantD. pleased; pleasantB. 【考点诠释】考点1 形谷词、副词的比较等级1形容词或副词的asas结构两者相比，当A=B时，用“as+面/adv原级+as”来表示。如：Jack runs as fast as Tom杰克和汤姆跑得一样快。双方相比，当AB，或指A的程度较低时，用“not as/so+adj/adv原级+a

18、s”表示。如：He does not work as/so hard as his sister他不如他妹妹学习努力。2形容词或副词的比较级+than 、当双方比较，AB时，用“比较级+than”结构。当A不及B的程度时，用“less+adj/adv原级+than”的结构。如：Blood is thicker than water血浓于水。Health is better than wealth健康胜过财富。3表示双方相比，一方超过另一方，并强调超出的程度和数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如：even，much，very much，still，any，a lot，a bit，a litt

19、le，far，yet，by far，a great deal，twice，three times，rather，slightly等，而very，quite，SO，fairly等词不可修饰形容词或副词的比较级A car runs a great deal faster than a truck小汽车比卡车快得多。4“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构表示“越越”The more tickets you sell，the more money you will get你卖的票越多，你得到的钱就会越多。5当三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用最高级这种句式中一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语；最高级

20、可被序数词以及much，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，notquite，not really，nothing like等修饰。如：The building being built now is by far the highest in the city目前在建的那座大楼是本市最高的大楼。6比较级表示最高级含义(1)比较级+than any other+可数名词单数。如：The Chang jiang River is longer than any other river in China在中国，长江比其他任何一条河流都长。(2)比较级+than all(

21、the)other+可数名词复数。如：China is larger than all the other Asian countries中国比亚洲的其他国家都大。(3)no/never/nothing+比较级。如：Nothing is more valuable than time时间比任何东西都珍贵。(4)“否定词+不定冠词+形容词的比较级+名词”或“否定词+副词的比较级”表示“从未；未曾”。如：This film is very movingI have never seen a better one这部电影很感人，我从没有看过一部比它更好的。考点2、 形容词修饰名词的位置1多个形容词作

22、定语时的排列顺序如果两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词，与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词，如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多，则音节少的形容词在前，音节多的在后。它们的顺序是：限定词(冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词)+数词(序数词，基数词)+描绘性形容词(nice，good，interesting，beautiful)+特征形容词(大小、长短、高低、形状、年龄、新旧)+颜色形容词+国籍、出处+物质、材料+用途、类别+中心名词。我们可以用下面的一段顺El溜帮助记忆：限数描、大长高，形状年龄和新老。颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。在实际运用中，很少会同时出现这么多修饰词，但我们必须记住以上规则，

23、此外，还应当多阅读，多体会，以增强语感。如：another three English books另外三本英语书；a beautiful white Chinese military jeep一辆漂亮的白色中国军用吉普车2形容词作定语后置的几种情况(1)当形容词修饰由some，any，all，every构成的复合词，如something，anything，nothing等时。如：Is there anything new in todayS newspaper?今天的报纸上有什么新的东西吗?(2)当“形容词+介词/不定式”构成的短语作定语时。如：There is a bag full of r

24、ice on his table他的桌上有满满一袋米。(3)当两个意义相反的形容词用bothand，and，or或so连接在一起作定语时。如：People in the village，young and old，men and women are fond of singing and dancing村里的男女老幼都喜爱唱歌跳舞。(4)当old，long，high，wide，deep等词附有数量词短语作定语时。如：The peasants dug a well about fifty meters deep农民们挖了一口约五十米深的井。(5)有些表语形容词作定语时，如afraid，alone

25、，awake，asleep，alive，ashamed，worth等。如：Tom was the only boy awake at that time汤姆是那时唯一醒着的男孩。考点3 形容词、副词的辨析1形容词主要用来修饰名词，也可修饰something，nothing等不定代词，在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。作状语时表示伴随、原因等，或是对主语进行解释，可以看成是“being+形容词”，位于句首、句中或句尾，表示伴随时通常用逗号与其他成分隔开He lay in bed，wide awake他躺在床上，完全清醒着。He went to bed，cold and hungry他上床睡觉

26、，又冷又饿。2副词主要用作状语，修饰动词、形容词、从句或整个句子。修饰整个句子时，可置于句首、句中或句尾Fortunately，he escaped from the fire他幸运地从大火中逃了出来。3有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词形式相同，另一种是在形容词后加ly。这两种形式的副词在意义上有所不同：不带ly的副词往往表示的是具体概念(也就是词的本义)；加ly的往往表示抽象概念(也就是词的引申义)。close接近(指距离)_closely仔细地，密切地；free免费_freely自由地，自如地；deep深地_deeply深刻地，深入地；wide充分(张开)地，宽阔地_+widely

27、广泛地；high高地_highly高度地，非常；late迟，晚一lately最近，近来；near邻近地_nearly几乎；most最一mostly主要地。如：He jumped that high in the sports meeting in our school and is highly thought of by his classmates他在我们学校运动会上跳得那么高，赢得了同学们的高度赞扬。特别提示一般说来，形容词+ly构成的是副词，如：deeply，highly，widely等；名词+ly构成的是形容词或名词，如：friendly，brotherly，lovely，weekl

28、y，monthly等。4rather，very，quite，fairly的区别(1)rather常用来修饰贬义的形容词或副词，如bad，poor，badly等；fairly常用来修饰褒义的形容词或副词，如nice，well，clever等。如：She is fairly clever，but does rather badly in her lessons她很聪明，但她的功课做得相当差。(2)如果修饰中性的形容词或副词，如easy，fast，thin等，fairly表示肯定的概念，即说话人的态度是赞美的、满意的；而rather表示否定的概念，即说话人是不满意的。如：The soup is fa

29、irly hot这汤还算热。(表示喜欢热汤)The soup is rather hot这汤太烫了。(表示讨厌太烫的汤)特别提示rather可用在similar，different，too，介词like，以及形容词、副词的比较级之前，也可修饰动词，而fairly，quite则不能，但可以说quite better。如：今天比昨天暖和得多。【误】It is fairly warmer today than yesterday【正】It is rather warmer today than yesterday(3)quite表示的程度比fairly深，表示主观看法，可理解为“十分”。如：The

30、news is quite amazing这个消息十分惊人。(4)fairly只能用在不定冠词之后；而quite和rather用于不定冠词前、后皆可。如：This is a fairly heavy/rather a heavy/a rather heavy/a quite heavy/quite a heavy job for US对我们来说，这是一项相当繁重的工作。另外，rather有时与褒义词尤其是表示“好”的词连用时，强调被修饰词的程度，可与fairly，quite互换。如：Your English is rather/fairly/quite good你的英语相当好。高考经常考查形容

31、词的辨析和副词的辨析，所以我们在学习中要注意近义词的用法差异。以下是常见的几组近义词：alone，lonely；living，alive，live，lively；likely，possible，probable；no more than，not more than；no less than，not less than；too much，much too；no longer，no more；almost，nearly。典型陷阱题分析1. We dont care if a hunting dog smells _, but we really dont want him to smell _.A

32、. well, wellB. bad, badC. well, badlyD. badly, bad2. “_ do you think of your English teacher?” “Oh, he is an _ man.”A. What, interestingB. What, interestedC. How, interestingD. How, interested3. The operation was successful, but I still felt _.A. very painfulB. much painfulC. a lot of painD. very pa

33、ining4. “Our team is _ to win the match.” “Really? But I dont think so.”A. easyB. difficult C. possibleD. sure5. I think he is _ to tell us the secret, but Im not sure.A. possibleB. likelyC. impossibleD. certain6. Lets make it at seven oclock on Tuesday morning at my office if _. A. youre convenient

34、 B. it is convenient for youC. you feel convenient D. it is convenient with you7. We were two hours late that day, which was due to the _.A. crowded trafficB. crowded trafficsC. busy trafficD. busy traffics8. Mary is very clever and _ worth teaching, but her brother is not. Look, he is now _ asleep

35、in class.A. very, veryB. much, veryC. well, veryD. well, fast9. “Could I take your order now?” “Yes. One _ tea and two _ coffees.”A. black, whiteB. red, whiteC. black, greenD. red, black10. Entering the house we found him lying on the bed with his mouth _ and eyes _.A. open, closeB. opened, closedC.

36、 opened, closeD. open, closed11. A _ road goes _ from one place to another.A. straight, straightB. straightly, straightlyC. straight, straightlyD. straightly, straight精编陷阱题训练1. It was _ opportunity to miss. A. too good an B. a too good C. too a good D. too good 2. I dont like it at all. It cant be _

37、.A. better B. worse C. best D. worst3. There was nothing special about this film it was only _. A. particularB. averageC. interestingD. strange4. She looks very _ but I cant remember her name.A. similarB. familiarC. friendlyD. strange 5. He said he would return the money, and I was _. A. fool enough

38、 to believe him B. enough fool to believe himC. fool enough believing him D. enough fool believing him6. “This book is _ more useful for us students.” “Yes, but it is _ too difficult.”A. quite, quiteB. much, ratherC. rather, quiteD. quite, much7. The children all looked _ at the broken model plane a

39、nd felt quite _.A. sad, sadB. sadly, sadlyC. sad, sadlyD. sadly, sad8. The child dreamed that he had once lived in a _ house in the forest.A. wooden pretty littleB. little pretty woodenC. pretty little woodenD. wooden little pretty9. He wanted to read more, so he asked his friends if there was _ to

40、read.A. something easy enoughB. something enough easy C. enough easy somethingD. easy enough something 10. The doctor assured the patient that there was _ with her, but she could not help worrying. A. seriously wrong nothing B. nothing serious wrong C. nothing seriously wrong D. serious nothing wron

41、g 11. How is your father?Hes fine. Hes_ to play tennis every Sunday.A. enough active stillB. enough still active C. still active enoughD. still enough active12. Did you wash your new suit in hot water?Of course not. I am not _ foolish.A. veryB. thatC. very muchD. too13.Which team is _ to win the gam

42、e?I dont know, but Ive found _ for ours to win. A. probable; it unlikelyB. likely; it possible C. possible; it possibleD. likely; it possibly 14. He didnt understand the _ question, so there was a _ expression on his face.A. puzzling; puzzledB. puzzling; puzzling C. puzzled; puzzledD. puzzled; puzzl

43、ing15. She can speak _ in front of Mack, but she cant eat _ in his restaurant.A. free, freeB. free, freelyC. freely, freeD. freely, freely16. It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood _ to her mother. A. closeB. closelyC. closedD. closing17. Fred is second to none in maths in our c

44、lass, but believe itornot, he _ passed the last exam. A. easilyB. hardlyC. actuallyD. successfully【试题放送】（2013安徽卷）30. David is _ animal fur, so he wont visit anyone who has cats or dogs in the house.A. curious aboutB. allergic toC. satisfied withD. food of（2013安徽卷）33. Its said that the power plant is

45、 now _ large as what it was.A. twice asB. as twiceC. twice muchD. much twice（2013福建卷）25. The Forbidden City attracts a _ stream of visitors every day, especially during national holidays.A. constantB. mainC. powerfulD. shallow（2013福建卷）31. Those poor and needy teenagers were excited to find a shop at

46、 the corner where they could buy _ priced bikes.A. competitively B. recentlyC. reasonablyD. affordably（2013湖北卷）27. People complain that decisions to approve or deny a permit are often _ rather than based on fixed criteria.A. appropriate B. conscious C. arbitrary D. controversial（2013湖北卷）28. He didnt

47、 selfishly keep for himself the money inherited from his uncle. Instead, he made a _ contribution to help the community.A. commercial B. generous C. comparable D. profitable （2013湖北卷）29. Dont defend him any more. Its obvious that he _ destroyed the fence of the garden even without apology.A. acciden

48、tally B. carelessly C. deliberately D. clumsily（2013江西卷）24.What a terrible experience ! _, youre safe now - thats the main thing.A. Anyway.B. Besides.C. Otherwise.D. Therefore.（2013江西卷）26.There are a small number of people involved, possibly _twenty.A. as few asB. as little asC. as many asD. as much

49、 as（2013辽宁卷）27. Everything seemed to be going _ for the first two days after I moved to New York.A. vividlyB. generallyC. frequentlyD. smoothly（2013辽宁卷）33. This is by far _ movie that I have ever seen.A. an inspiringB. a much inspiring C. the most D. the more inspiring【拓展】试比较以下两句：This is the most in

50、teresting book that I have ever read. （理解同本题）This book couldnt be more interesting! 这本书太有意思了！（形容词和副词的比较级，用于否定句，表达最高级含义）（2013上海卷）28. Its a _ clock, made of brass and dating from the nineteenth century.A. charming French smallB. French small charmingC. small French charmingD. charming small French（201

51、3天津卷）3. I think watching TV every evening is a waste of- there are _ meaningful things to do. A. less B. more C. the least D. the most（2013新课标II） 9. It may not be a great suggestion. But before _ is put forward, well make do with it.A. a good oneB. a better oneC. the best oneD. a best one（2013新课标I卷）

52、25. Tony can hardly boil an egg, still _ cook dinner. A. less B. little C. much D. more （2013浙江卷）2. Mary worked here as a _ secretary and ended up getting a full-time job with the company.A. pessimisticB. temporaryC. previousD. cautious（2013浙江卷）6. If we leave right away, _, well arrive on time.A. ho

53、pefullyB. curiouslyC. occasionallyD. gradually（2013浙江卷）18. If what your friend comes up with surprises you, dont reject it immediately. _ , imagine that it is true.A. ThusB. BesidesC. RatherD. Otherwise【2012北京卷】28. Many people have donated that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs _.A. some

54、B. less C. much D. more【2012全国II】13. Next to biology , I like physics _.A. better B. best C. the better D. very well10【2012天津卷】The secretary arranged a(n)_time and space for the applicants to have an interview.A. importantB. spareC. publicD. convenient【2012全国新课程】29. This restaurant wasnt that other restaurant we went to. A. half as good as B. as half good as C. as good as half D.