European culture

1、 greek empire (336 b.c.-323b.c.) roman empire (27b.c.-395a.d.) 战战 和和 introduction 1. chinas rise, fall and reform and opening to the west reform of japan, rok, singapore 2. the differences between chinese culture and european culture in terms of science and innovation, view of human nature equality

2、view of natural world, political system, legal system, individualism 3. the global crisis today and what can redeem the world 4. what are we to learn about european culture? 5. what to examine 四海成服四海成服 万国来朝万国来朝 唐朝唐朝 1600万平方公里万平方公里 北宋北宋 清明上河图清明上河图 1405 郑和下西洋郑和下西洋 the needham question李约瑟难题李约瑟难题 why ch

3、ina had been overtaken by the west in science and technology, despite its earlier successes. joseph needham （1900 1995 ） 戊戌戊戌 六君子六君子 1898 1868 opium war 1840 甲午战争甲午战争 1894 the may fourth movement 1919 european renaissance （14th-17th) rok (60s） confucianismmodernity singapore legalism modernity china

4、s result of the 30 years reform and opening policy arnold joseph toynbee (1889 1975) prediction 汤因比预言汤因比预言 the only human civilizations that could save the world in the 21st century were the chinese confucianism (孔孟之说）孔孟之说） and mahayana buddhism. 大乘佛教大乘佛教 chinese confucianism core values benevolence

5、 仁仁(over profit) reciprocity 恕恕:dont do to others what you dont want to be done to yourself.己所不欲勿施于人己所不欲勿施于人 objective social harmony ritual礼礼 standards for the children and students 弟子规弟子规 piety, brotherhood, mercy, honesty, cultivation 弟子规弟子规 圣人训圣人训 首孝悌首孝悌 次谨信次谨信 泛爱众泛爱众 而亲仁而亲仁 有余力有余力 则学文则学文 benevo

6、lence over profit 孟子孟子“王！何必曰王！何必曰 利利？亦有？亦有仁义仁义而已矣。而已矣。 孟子孟子梁惠王上梁惠王上 mahayana buddhism 大乘佛教大乘佛教 a: karma因果因果: cause and effect actions (of body, speech, and mind) bring about a consequence or result. 欲知前世因，今生受着是；欲知前世因，今生受着是； 欲知来世果，今生做着是。欲知来世果，今生做着是。 b: dependent arising and emptiness 缘起性空缘起性空 what to

7、 learn about european culture? a: elements constituting(组成组成) european culture b: history of european cultural development c: major schools of philosophy a：elements constituting(组成组成) european culture greco-roman element 希腊罗马文化希腊罗马文化 1.man 2.worldly pleasures 3. this life judeo-christian element: 犹太

8、教基督教犹太教基督教 1.god 2. spiritual moralities 3. eternal life balancing dont kill. dont steal. dont covet your neighbors goods hamlet, claudius, gertrude b: history of european cultural development greek culture (5thb.c.-146b.c.） roman culture(146b.c.-476) medieval period（476-renaissance) renaissance （st

9、ate, man and the world) enlightenment（liberty, equality, fraternity) realism （material prosperity, optimism) modernism (1914-1945) (pessimism；alienation) postmodernism(1945- )(existentialism, absurd plays, ecocriticism) church state c、 major schools 1.transcendentalism 超验主义超验主义 2.existentialism 存在主义

10、存在主义 3. absurd plays 荒诞派戏剧荒诞派戏剧(waiting for godot) 4. ecocriticism 生态批评生态批评 sartres existentialist ideas 1. existence precedes essence.（存在（存在 先于本质）先于本质） 2. the world is absurd, and human life is an agony. 3. one can have free choice and must be responsible for ones choice. ecocriticism ecocriticism

11、is the study of literature and environment . starting in the mid-1990s what to examine? 1. filling in the blanks (10) 2. matching (10) 3. terms (20) renaissance, enlightenment, transcendentalism and existentialism 4. answering questions in about 200 words （15*2） differences in terms of mythology, tragedies, political system, religious view, legal system 5. make comments on one of the follow