[专业英语考试复习资料]专业八级分类模拟391

1、专业英语考试复习资料专业八级分类模拟391专业英语考试复习资料专业八级分类模拟391专业八级分类模拟391LANGUAGE USAGE Now what began in Japan is happening globally. As David Brooks wrote in his New York Times column yesterday, fertility is on decline in 1much of the world, from Iran1.7 births per womanto Russia, which 2low fertility combines with h

2、igh death rates means the population is 3already shrinking. To Brooks, the world is facing with what the writer 4Phillip Longman has called the gray tsunamia moment the populationover 60 swamps those under 30. And that includes the US, which has longhad high birthrates than most developed nations: 5

3、 But even that is looking fragile. The 2010 census suggested that US population growth be decelerating faster than many expected. 6 However, its probably wrong to see this as a demographic 7 competition. American living standards will be hurt by an aging and lessdynamic world, even if the US does at

4、tract young workers. For decade, people took dynamism and economic growth for granted 8 and saw population growth as a problem. Now weve gone to the otherextreme, and its clear that young people are the scarce resource. In the 21stcentury, the US could be the slowly aging leader of a rapid aging wor

5、ld. 9 To Brooks this is a slow-motion disaster. Aging countries will face the burden of caring for large elderly populations without a large source of 10young workers to draw on. But heres the thing: a Centrum Silver world may have a silver lining for the planet.1.答案:declinethe考点 本题考查冠词的用法。解析 on the

6、 decline是固定搭配，表示“下跌，下降”，不能省略定冠词the。2.答案:whichwhere或者whichin考点 本题考查定语从句的用法。解析 此定语从句中缺少地点状语，即“在那些低出生率高死亡率的国家中”，因此要用关系副词where引导，或者在关系代词which前加介词in。3.答案:combinescombined考点 本题考查非谓语动词的用法。解析 low fertility是定语从句中的主语，means是谓语动词，combined with high death rates是主语的后置定语，fertility做为combine的受动者，需要用-ed分词表示被动含义。4.答案:

7、with/考点 本题考查及物动词的用法。解析 face是及物动词，可以直接和名词搭配使用，表示“面对”，无需用介词with。5.答案:highhigher考点 本题考查形容词比较级的用法。解析 本句的意思是“美国的出生率高于其他多数发达国家”，有表示“比较”的含义，需要形容词的比较级higher和than搭配使用。6.答案:beis考点 本题考查虚拟语气的误用。解析 动词suggest的宾语从句中是否用虚拟语气取决于它的含义，如果表示“建议”就必须用虚拟语气，如果表示“表明，表示”就用陈述语气。句中提到“在2010年的人口普查表明美国的人口增长率远低于多数人的期望值”，因此用陈述语气更恰当。7

8、.答案:HoweverBesides, Moreover考点 本题考查逻辑关系。解析 上文提到的“美国目前人口增长速度减缓”和下文所指的“不应该看作是美国和其他发达国家间人口增长的竞赛”，因为两者对今后世界的发展都有弊端，前后是顺接关系，而不是转折关系，所以用besides或moreover更恰当。8.答案:decadedecades考点 本题考查可数名词的用法。解析 decade是可数名词，表示“十年”，for decades表示“几十年，很多年”，应该用名词的复数形式。9.答案:rapidrapidly考点 本题考查词性辨析。解析 rapid是形容词，用来修饰名词；rapidly是副词，可

9、以用来修饰动词或动名词。此句中应该用副词rapidly修饰动名词aging。10.答案:sourceresource考点 本题考查名词辨析。解析 source表示“来源”；resource表示“(人力)资源”。本句提到“吸引大量的年轻人成为人力资源的储备”，因此用后者更适合。 Cultural tendencies impact the way children participate in education. There are different expectations about normal school behavior for students from individuali

10、st and collectivist cultures. Take a moment to think about what teachers who lack knowledge 11 about culture might interpret the behavior of a child from a collectivist culture. These differences may cause educators 12 inaccurately judge students from some cultures as poorly behaved or disrespectful

11、. In addition, because cultural differences are hard to perceive, students may find them reprimanded by teachers but fail to 13 understand what they did that caused concern. The influence of culture in beliefs about education, the value of 14 education, and participation styles cannot be overestimat

12、ed. Many Asian students, for example, tend to be quiet in class, and using 15 eye contact with teachers is considered inappropriate for many of these children. In contrast, most European American children are taught to value active classroom discussion and to look teachers directly in the eyes to sh

13、ow respect, while their teachers view 16 students participation as a signal of engagement and competence. 17 Another contrast involves the role of Hispanic parents in education. Parents from some Hispanic cultures tend to regard teachers as experts and will often refer educational decision making 18

14、 to them. In contrast, European American parents are often more actively involved in their childrens classrooms, are visible in the classrooms, or volunteer and assist teachers. These cultural differences in value and belief may cause educators to make accurate judgments regarding the value that non

15、-European American 19 families place on education. While it is important to keep in the 20 mind that different cultural groups tend to follow particular language and interaction styles, there is tremendous variability within cultural groups. 11.答案:whathow解析 从句引导词误用。该句意思是“花一些时间去想一想那些文化知识缺乏的老师是如何理解集体主

16、义环境中孩子的行为的。”宾语从句中不缺少宾语，而缺少状语，故将引导词what改为how。12.答案:educatorsto解析 动词不定式符号to的缺失。该句意思是“这些差异可能会导致教育者们将一些孩子的行为误解为表现不好或是不尊重他人。”cause sb. to do sth. 为常用表达，动词cause后接动词不定式时，不能省略动词不定式符号to，因此加上to。13.答案:themthemselves解析 代词误用。该句意思是“学生们也许会发现自己被老师谴责却不明白到底是他们做了什么而导致的。”根据句意可知，这里代词应该用反身代词，故将them改为themselves。14.答案:inon

17、解析 介词误用。该句意思是“文化对教育理念的影响。”表示“对的影响”，通常用influence与on搭配使用，故将介词in改为on。15.答案:usingmaking解析 固定搭配错误。该句意思是“并且对很多孩子而言，与老师进行眼神交流是不合适的举动”。make eye contact with sb.是固定搭配，故将using改为making。16.答案:eyeseye解析 名词单复数错误。该句意思是“直视老师的眼睛以示尊重”。in the eye只是强调眼睛这一部位，不需要用复数形式，且look sb. in the eye为固定表达，意为“直视某人，正视某人”，故将eyes改为eye。1

18、7.答案:signalsign解析 词义混淆。该句意思是“而他们的老师们会将学生的参与视为一种感兴趣和能力的体现。”signal的意思是“信号”，而sign的意思是“迹象”。根据语义，后者更为合适，故将signal改为sign。18.答案:referdefer解析 词义混淆。该句意思是“甚至会在教育决定方面听从于他们。”defer.to.为固定搭配，意思是“听从于，服从于”，符合句意，而，refer.to.意为“提交，归于”，不符合句意，故将refer改为defer。19.答案:accurateinaccurate解析 语义错误。该句意思是“这种在价值观和理念上的文化差异会使教育者们做出不准确

19、的判断。”根据语义，应将accurate改为inaccurate。20.答案:thethe解析 冠词冗余。该句意思是“记住这一点很重要不同的文化群体会遵从特定的语言和交流的方式。”keep in mind为固定搭配，不需要加定冠词the，故将the去掉。 People in every workplace talk about organizational culture, the mysterious word that characterizes a work environment. One of the key questions and assessments, when emplo

20、yers interview a perspective employee, is to explore whether the candidate is a good 21 cultural fit. Culture is difficult to define, but you generally know when you will have found an employee who appears to fit your 22 culture. He just feels right. Culture is environment that surrounds you at work

21、 all of the 23 time. Culture is a powerful element that shapes your work enjoyment, your work relationships, and your work processes. But, culture is something which you cannot actually see, except through 24 their physical manifestations in your work place. 25 In any ways, culture is like personali

22、ty. In a person, the 26 personality is made up of the values, beliefs, underlying assumptions, interests, experiences, upbringing, and habits that create a persons behavior. Culture is made up of the values, beliefs, underlying assumptions, attitudes, but behaviors shared by a group of people. 27 Cu

23、lture is the behavior that results when a group arrives in a set of 28 generally unspoken and unwrittenrules for working together. An organizations culture is made up of all of the life experience each employee brings to the organization. Culture is 29 especially influenced by the organizations foun

24、der, executives, and another managerial staff because of their role of decision-making and 30 strategic direction. 21.答案:perspectiveprospective解析 形近词误用。perspective的意思是“透视的”，而该处要表达的意思是“当雇主面试未来的雇员时”，故应该用prospective“未来的，潜在的”。22.答案:willwill解析 情态动词冗余。该处为when引导的时间状语从句，主句为you generally know，用的是一般现在时，从句谓语动词find应发生在know之前，所以用完成时即可，故将will去掉。23.答案:environmentthe解析 冠词缺失。该句句意为“文化是在你工作时一直伴随你左右的一种环境。