中考英语8种时态总结

1、授课主题 初中八时态 & 被动语态教学目标初中时态之：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时，过去将来时。让学生掌握时态的用法并正确运用到做题中。被动语态考点及用法学习及掌握。授课日期及时段 From now on, Im gonna say yes-yes to love, yes to adventure, yes to life, whatever it maybe, the answers going to be yes. 从今天起，我要积极接受一切，接受爱，迎接挑战，拥抱生活，不管什么事，我都会勇敢地去接受。生活大爆炸 之 （一）定义：表示

2、经常习惯性的动作；人或事物的特征状态或者能力爱好等等；此外还可表示客观真理、科学事实、格言等。 （二）标志词：通常与every day，always, usually, often，sometimes等时间状语连用。 （三）结构： 1) 动词变化：动词第三人称单数(非你,非我,非复数)的变化原则： 动 词 三 单 变 化 规 则一般情况词尾_like-_ get-_ look-_以字母s, x, ch, sh，o结的动词，在词尾_express-_ fix-_ watch-_ wish- _ go-_以辅音字母+y结尾的动 词，变y为_，再_study - _ fly-_以元音字母+y结尾的动

3、 词，直接加_buy-_ play-_say-_注意：有一些动词的三单形式不规则, be-am is are have-has 2）句型变化： 1.句中有be动词时的句型变换。肯定句：_ 否定句：_ 一般疑问句_ 特殊疑问句_ （肯定句）I am a student.我是一个学生。 （否定句）I am not a student.我不是一个学生。 （疑问句）Are you a student?你是学生吗？ 实义动词：肯定句：_ 否定句：_ 一般疑问句_ 特殊疑问句_ （肯定句）I want to learn English.我想学英语。（否定句）I dont want to learn Eng

4、lish.我不想学英语。（疑问句）Do you want to learn English?你想学英语吗？（肯定句）He wants to learn English.他想学英语。（否定句）He doesnt want to learn English.我不想学英语。（疑问句）Does he want to learn English?你想学英语吗？（四）用法：1.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。我每天六点起床。 _ 他总是迟到。 _ 2.表示人或事物的特征状态。天空是蓝色的。 _ 那个男孩是个学生。 _ 3.表示客观真理、科学事实、格言谚语等等。 一周有七天。 _ 地球围绕太阳转。 _ 4.表示人

5、或事物的能力爱好等等。我喜欢苹果。 _ 海豚会游泳。 _改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)1. Is your brother speak English?_2. Does he likes going fishing?_3. He likes play games after class._4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _5. She dont do her homework on Sundays._ 一般过去时 定义：一般过去时(simple past tense)表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；过去主语所具备的能力和

6、性格。时间状语Ago（two hours ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month), 具体时间, just now, at the age of , one day, long ago, once upon a time(很久以前), and so on.（填时间如：two days）ago动词变化规则规则变化：1.直接加ed：work- worked ,2.以e结尾的单词，直接加d：live -lived3 以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加ed：study studied4以元音字

7、母+y结尾的，直接加ed：enjoy enjoyed5 以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母+ed： stop stopped不规则变化：have/has - had,eat-ate, seesaw，am/iswas, gowent, do-didtake-took,run-ran,lend-lent,sleep-slept,getgot, meetmet, bringbrought, buybought, thinkthought, saysaid, givegave, putput基本结构肯定形式：主语+动词过去式+其他否定形式： was/were+not; 在行为动词前加didnt，同

8、时还原行为动词一般疑问句：Did+主语+do+其他？ She often came to help us in those days. I didnt know you were so busy. 特殊疑问句：when were you born？ What did you do yesterday？一般过去时基本用法(1)过去某个特定时间发生，也可以表示过去习惯性的动作。一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响，只说明过去。句式：主语+过去动词+其他I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨，我跟朱丽亚说了几句话。He smoked many cigarett

9、es a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那阵子，抽烟抽得可凶了。2 表示过去连续发生的动作时，要用过去时。这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来表示。The boy opened his eyes for a moment，looked at the captain，and then died. 那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿，看看船长，然后就去世了。 3 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作常与always，never等连用。 Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella. 彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。 （只是说明她过去的动作，

10、不表明她现在是否常带着伞。）比较Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella. 彼得太太老是带着伞。 （说明这是她的习惯，表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞）Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella. 彼得太太 总是带着一把伞。（表示说话者对这一动作或行为厌烦）I never drank wine.我以前从不喝酒。 （不涉及到现在，不说明现在是否喝酒）4 如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用 used to do(过去常常做，而现在不那样做了) He used to drink. 他过去喝酒。 （意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终

11、止了） I used to take a walk in the morning. 我过去是在早晨散步。 （意味着现在不在早晨散步了）比较： I took a walk in the morning. 我曾经在早晨散过步。 （只是说明过去这一动作）一用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1. We _ (enjoy) ourselves at the party last night.2. Jack _ (study) for the English test last Sunday.3. What day _ (be) it yesterday?4. The old man _(be)ill and

12、 went to see a doctor.5. We had great fun _ (play) in the water.6. That made me _ (feel) very happy.二单选( )1. _ you _ at six oclock yesterday? A . Do , get up B. Did, get up C. Do, got up D. Did, got up ( )2. What did you see _? A. now B. every day C. since 1990 D. just now ( )3.He went into the room

13、 and _ the door. A. lock B. locking C. locks D. locked ( )4. -What _ you _ last week? - I bought a bag. A. did ,buy B. did , bought C. do, buy D. do, bought ( )5. -_ he _ his lunch? - Yes, he did. A. Have ,had B. Had, has C. Did, have D. Did, has 定义：一般将来时表示在将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。 一般将来时的构成： 1. 由助动词“ sha

14、ll/ will 动词原形”构成， shall 用于第一人称， will 用于第二、第三人称，而美式英语在陈述句中无论什么人称，一律用 will 。 I will be a super star in the future.2. 一般将来时的否定和疑问形式： 一般将来时的否定形式是 will not ，缩写为 wont; shall not ，缩写为 shant 。 一般将来时的疑问形式是把 will/ shall 提到主语前。 They wont watch TV tonight. 他们今晚不看电视。 Will you go shopping with me? 和我一起去买东西好吗？ 一般将

15、来时的基本用法： 1. 表示“纯粹的将来”： 表示将要发生的动作或情况，常带有表示将来的时间状语，如 tomorrow, next week, in two days, from now on 等。 It will be Tuesday tomorrow. 明天是星期二。 表示预料将要发生的动作或情况。 You will feel better after having this medicine. 吃了这药，你就会感觉好些的。 表示由于习惯倾向而会经常发生的动作，本用法中的 will 要重读。如： Boys will be boys. 谚语男孩毕竟是男孩。 2. 表示“带有情态意义的将来”，

16、用来表示意图，用 will 来表示。 I will be more careful next time. 下次我要更加小心。 I wont go shopping this afternoon, but she will. 今天下午我不想去购物，但她想去。 will 在疑问句中，用来表示有礼貌地征询对方的意见。 Will you have some more tea? 要不要再喝点茶？ What shall we do this weekend? 本周末我们要干什么？ 一般将来时的其它几种表示法： 1. 用 be going to 表示： be going to 相当于一个助动词，与其后的动词

17、原形一起构成句子的谓语，表示近期将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 Im going to see a film this afternoon. 今天下午我想去看电影。 “ be going to 动词原形”表示主观上打算在将来某个时间要做某事。 Her mother is going to buy her a new bike. 她妈妈要给她买辆新自行车。 “ be going to 动词原形”还可以表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为将要发生的事。 Its going to rain. 快要下雨了。 用一般现在时表示将来意义 句中的动词是一般现在时，但所表示的意义却是一般将来时。Are you free

18、 tomorrow? Are you going to be free tomorrow? 你明天有空吗？ 在时间 / 条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句习惯上用一般现在时表示将来的意义。 Please tell him to go when he comes. 他来时，就让他去。 用位置移动的行为动词的现在进行时表示将来意义： 这些动词有 come, go, leave, begin, arrive, start 等。 We are leaving tomorrow 。我们明天要走了。 一、句型转换。1.Peopleinthenorthoftengoskatinginwinter.（

19、nextwinter） _2.Therearetwocinemasinthattown.（nextyear） _3. Hecomesbacklate.（intwodays） _4.Sheisaconductorofatrain.（soon）_二填空。1、 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends. I _ have a picnic with my friends.2、 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。 What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball. What _ you

20、 do next Monday? I _ play basketball. 3、你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。 _ your mother _ _ go shopping this _? Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit. 4、你们打算什么时候见面。 What time _ you _ _ mee三选择；( ) 1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be

21、 ( ) 2. Charlie _ here next month. A. isnt working B. doesnt working C. isnt going to working D. wont work ( ) 3. He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be ( ) 4. There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going t

22、o have C. will have D. is going to be ( ) 5. -_ you _ free tomorrow? - No. I _ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be ( ) 6. Mother _ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. giv

23、es D. give ( ) 8. - Where is the morning paper? - I _ it for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get ( ) 9. _ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are ( ) 10. If they come, we _ a meeting. A. have B. will have C. had D. would have 构成: 主语

24、+be+现在分词 (动词ing)形式 第一人称 + am + doing I am singing an English song.第二人称 + are + doing They are watching TV .第三人称 + is +doing He is doing his homework. 形式 肯定句否定句疑问句 简要回答I am studying.I am not studying.Am I studying? Yes，I am/ No，I am not.注意：I am studying 可以缩写为 Im studying， 但是Yes， I am一般不缩写为Yes， Im. 因为

25、Im后面一般都要接表语，而不能为空。 现在分词的构成: 一般情况下，直接加 ing。 work - working sleep - sleeping study - studying 以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉 e加 ing。 take - taking make - making dance - dancing 重读闭音节的动词，要双写词尾字母，再加 ing。 cut - cutting stop - stopping begin - beginning 以ie结尾的动词，应将ie改为y，再加 ing。 lie - lying tie - tying die - dying 用 法 1.

26、表示正在进行的动作 I am writing a letter. 我正在写一封信。 They are learning English. 他们正在学英语。 Is it raining now? 现在下雨吗？ 2. 表示最近一直在做的一件事（但说话时不一定在进行） I am reading Harry Potter these days. 最近我在读哈里波特。 Are you working hard this term? 这学期你学习用功吗？ He is writing a novel. 他正在写一本小说。3. 表示即将发生的动作 We are going to watch a movie t

27、onight. 晚上我们将要去看电影。 John is coming here next week and will stay here until May. 4. 表示总是出现的事情（说话人可能对此有点烦） He is always borrowing money from me. 他老是找我借钱。 We are constantly eating food. 我们一直在吃东西。注意：1. 当句子中有now时，常表示动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。 They are playing basketball now. 2. 以look, listen开头的句子，提示动作正在进行当中，这时要用现

28、在进行时。 Listen！She is singing a song.有一些词语没有现在进行时态A 表示感觉的动词， 如see, hear等B 表示喜欢或者厌恶的动词， 如like , love, hate等C 表示希望的动词， 如want, would like等D 表示状态的词， 如be等E 表示归属的词， 如have等F 表示思维、知识或理解能力的动词， 如know, forget等 1选择。1）Jack is_ with Jim. They are good_. A:running;friend; B:running;friends; C:runing;friends D:run;fr

29、iends 2）Look! Mary_ doing_ homework. A:is;ones B:is;her C:are;his D:are;her 3）The Greens_ supper now. A:is having B:are;having C:is haveing D:are;haveing 4）The children are_ TV. A:watch B:seeing C:watching D:reading 5）Are the boys looking at the blackboard? Yes, they_. A:arent B:do C:dont D:are 6）Th

30、eres_ girl, she is very tall. A:second B:two C:a second D:all second 7. -Excuse me. May I borrow a pen, please? -_. A: It doesnt matter; B:Thank you; C: Certainly,here you are; D:Not at all. 三、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1. The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom .3. My moth

31、er _ ( cook )some nice food now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .6. They _(not ,water) the flowers now.7. Look! The girls _(dance )in the classroom .8. What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music. 9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now10._Helen_(

32、wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .11. Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon. 过去进行时1. 定 义：表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内发生或进行的动作或状态。2. 标志词：this morning, the whole morning, all day,from nine to ten last evening, 3. 构成：【过去进行时的结构】 肯定句：主语 + was/ were + doing + 其他。 I was reading newspaper. 否定句：主语 + wasnt/

33、 werent + doing + 其他。 I wasnt reading newspaper. 一般疑问句：Was/ Were + 主语 + doing + 其他？ Were you reading newspaper? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + was/ were+ 主语 + doing？ What were you doing?4. 用法 1、 表示过去某一时刻或者过去某一时间内正在进行的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语then , at that time, this time yesterday, at ten yesterday等连用。 -What were you doing at

34、 ten yesterday?-I was watching TV at that time.He was reading when I came in.I was doing my homework while my parents were watching TV .2、 过去进行时常与always等表示频率的副词连用，表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作。此时的过去进行时有一点的感情色彩。 Alice was always changing her mind.【特殊用法，学法指导】1、当句子意思很清楚时，我们也可以把两个动词都换成一般过去时 We listened carefully while

35、 the teacher read the text. 老师读课文时，我们都仔细地听着。 2、表示按计划、安排过去将要发生的事。用于come, go, leave, start, arrive等表示位置转移的动词时，也可以用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。 He told me that he was going soon. 他告诉我他很快就要走了。 3、过去进行时还可和when结构遥相呼应，含有意外之意。 I was walking in the street when someone called me. 我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。 4. 与always, constantly等词连用

36、，表示感情色彩。 如：The girl was always changing her mind. 这女孩老是改变主意。 【练习】1、It _ heavily when I left the cinema. A.rains B.will rain C.is raining D.was raining2、-What were you doing this time yesterday? -I _ on the grass and drawing a picture A.sit B.sat C.am sitting D. was sitting 3、While I _ TV, the bell r

37、ang. A. watch B. watched C. am watching D. was watching4、Why didnt you answer my telephone yesterday? Sorry. I _ a bath. A. took B. take C. am taking D. was taking5、 While the alien _ a souvenir, the girl called the police. A. was buying B. bought C. buys D. is buying6、 I called you at 6 oclock yest

38、erday evening, but nobody answered. Im sorry. I my friend download the movie Kung Fu Panda when the telephone rang. A. would help B. helped C. was helping7、I along the road when I saw Peter. So we stopped and had a chat. A. walked B. was walking C. would walk D. had walked8、What did the teacher say

39、just now? Sorry. I didnt catch it. I _ something else. A. thinkB. will think C. was thinkingD. had thought9、When I came back yesterday evening, my brother _ his homework. A is doing B. has done C. was doing 10、Mrs White _dinner when her son came home. A. is cooking B. was cooking C. are cooking D. w

40、ere cooking 11、 Did you see Mr. Black just now? Yes. He _ his car when I met him. A. parked B. was parking C. parksD. will park 现在完成时1. 定 义：现在完成时主要表示过去发生的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果。 谓语动词形式为助动词加动词的过去分词。标志词：already,yet, since+过去时间点(since+-ed/since+一般过去时)，for+时间段,次数，so far, over the years, in the past/last few(数

41、字) years. in the past 2 years, since then (从那时起) I have already had dinner. I havnt had dinner yet. I have lived in Jz since 2,000.-I have lived in Jz since I was 5.I have lived in Jz for 10 years. i have been to Bj three times.So far, Lily has already written 3 novels.Over the 3 years/ in the past/

42、last 3 years, our city has changed a lot. take place 无被动Over the 3 years/ in the past/last 3 years, great changes have taken place in our city.3.构成：1 肯定句：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 I have finished my homework. 我已经做完家庭作业了。2 否定句：主语 + have/has not + 动词过去分词 I havent finished my homework.3 疑问式：Have/has + 主语

43、+ 动词过去分词 Have you finished your homework?4 疑问否定式：Have/Has + 主语 +not+ 动词过去分词？ Have/Has not + 主语 + 动词过去分词？5. wh- +Have/has + 主语 + 动词过去分词Have you not finished your homework?/Havent you finished?主语是第一、二人称单数I/you 时助动词have主语是各人称复数we/you/they 时助动词have主语是第三人称he/she/it 时助动词has4. 用 法：（1） 现在完成时的“已完成”用法强调不久前完成的

44、动作对现在产生的影响：现在完成时的这种用法常用just,already,yet(用于否定句和疑问句）等作时间状语，谓语多用非延续性动词。 He has just gone out. 他刚刚出去。 I have already finished my homework. 我已经做完家庭作业了。 Have you heard the news yet? 你听到这个消息了吗？强调到现在为止的生活经历：现在完成时的这种用法常用never,ever(用于否定句和疑问句），（only) once ,twice,three times等作状语，可以用How many times 提问，谓语多用延续性动词。I never been late for school. 我上学从未迟到过。-Have you ever climbed that mountain? 你爬过那座山吗？-Yes,several times. 是的，爬过几次。-How many times have you ever been to England? 你曾经去过英国几次？-Only once. 只去过一次。 have gone to 和 have been to