全新版大学英语12346单元关键词

1、10级中医专升本3班2#619Unit 11.off and on from time to time ,sometimes 有时，断断续续地Synonym（同义词）: on and off Antonym（反义词）: on and on 无间断地，连续不断地It has been raining on and off for a week. Thats why the clothes feel damp.As her patient slept soundly during the night, Nurse Betty was able to doze off and on in a bed

2、side chair.2.take hold : become established 生根 ，确立 vi Old habits die hard. Thats why you should quit smoking before the habit takes hold.The idea of one child only has taken hold in many Chinese families.3.bore :vt 1)make somebody become tired and lose interest .使人厌烦 bore sb with +n. bore sb by doin

3、g sth 以.令人厌烦 He always bored her by telling the same story. boring 乏味的 bored 厌倦的 boredom无聊，厌烦辨析： boring bored tedious boring ,tedious 用来修饰物，bored 用来修饰人vt 2) to make a hole in or through ,with or as if with a drill 钻孔bore a tunnel through a mountain 开凿穿山隧道bore from within 从内部破坏4.associatevt.1)join or

4、 connect together使联系起来，使联合2）connectwithin mind(在思想上)把联系在一起vi. keep company with sb.结交，交往n. a person connected with another esp.in work伙伴，同事，合伙人adj.副的vt.1) We associate China with the Greatg Wall. 我们把长城和中国联系在一起。 2）Jim wished to forget everything associated with his former life.吉姆希望忘掉与以前的生活有关的一切。vi. D

5、ont associate with dishonest boys. 不要和那些不诚实的人打交道。n . He is not a friend but a business associate. 他不是朋友，而是商业伙伴。adj. She became an associate professor at the age of 32. 她32岁就当上了副教授。associate professor associate editor of a magazine辨析：associate vice assistant vice president 副总统 用于形容官衔 assistant teache

6、r 助教搭配：1)associate sb./sth.(with sb./sth.) 2)associate with sb.扩展：association n. 协会，联盟，联合典型试题：A healthy life is frequently thought to be_with the open countryside and homegrown food. 答案：D) (CET-4 1996.06)A)tied B)bound C)involved D)associated译文：健康的生活总是同广阔的乡村和自家种植的食物联系起来。5. agonyn. the suffering of i

7、ntense physical or mental pain(极度的)痛苦，痛苦的挣扎例句：He was in an agony of remorse. 他处于极端悔恨之中。搭配：in agony扩展：agonize(v.)：to suffer great pain or anxiety例句：1)He agonizes over every decision he has to make.他常对自己要作出的每一个决定感到非常的苦恼。2）Why do you agonize yourself with the thought of your failure?你为何总是对你的失败念念不忘而自我折磨

8、呢？搭配：agonize over 为而苦恼辨析：agony ,pain pang acheagony 指（肉体或精神上的）极度的痛苦；创痛1) pain 指精神上的痛苦时，该词为不可数名词2) pang 指突然的剧痛，悲痛。3) ache则指（持续而隐约的）疼痛。典型试题：She was in a(n)_A_ of indecision.A)agony B)pain C)pang D)ache译文：她陷于犹豫不决的痛苦之中。6.assignvt.1)to give as a share or duty 分配，分派 2)to appoint to a job or duty 委派，指派 3)t

9、o fix as a time,place,reason 指定（时间、地点）例句：1)A lot of boring work was assigned to me during the summer holiday. 暑假分派要我做很多令人厌倦的事情。 2)The general manager assigned him to meet the visitors at the airport. 总经理指派他到机场去迎接客人。 3)Please assign a date (place)for the next meeting. 请决定下一次会议的日期/地点。搭配：assign sth. to

10、 sb assign sb. Sth. ; assign sb.to sth.; assign sb. To do sth扩展：assignment n.7. anticipatev.1)expect 预料；期望2)to do sth. Before(sth. Else)先于行动；提前使用 例句；1）We anticipate seeing you soon. 我们盼望不久会看到你。 I anticipate that there would be trouble. 我预料会有麻烦。 2）A good general can anticipate what the enemy will do.

11、 一个好将军能预知敌人的行动。 We anticipated their complaint by wrting a full report. 我们还没等他们投诉就先写好了一份详细的报告。 搭配：anticipate sth./doing sth.;anticipate that/what- 辨析：anticipate, expect1) anticipate 指怀着喜悦或痛苦之心来预想2) expect 只怀着确信之心来期待 典型试题：The doctor doesnt _C that he will live much longer. A)manifest B)articulate C)a

12、nticipate D)monitor 译文：医生预期他不会活很长时间了。8. reputationn. an opinion held by others 名气，名誉例句：1)She has a reputation for generosity. 她以慷慨大方博得好评。2)He has a good reputation as a doctor. 他身为医生而博得好名声。3)H has the reputation of being spiteful. 他的坏心是出了名的。 搭配：1)have a reputation for/of/as2)establish/build up/make

13、ones reputation 3)ruin/compromis/lose ones reputation 辨析：reputation fame reputation 可指好名声，亦可指坏名声，强调人们心中的印象fame 仅指好名声，强调较高的知名度9. inspirev.1)to encourage in (someone)the ability to act 鼓励，鼓舞，振奋 2）使产生灵感Martin Luter Kings speeches inspired people to fight for equal treatment of Afro-Americans.马丁路德金的演讲鼓舞

14、了人们为美国黑人争取平等待遇而奋斗2)The natural scenery inspired the poet to turn out beautiful poems. 自然风景赋予了诗人灵感，促使他写出了美丽的诗篇。 搭配：1)inspire sb.to do sth.2)inspire sth. In sb.(=inspire sb. With sth.)3)inspire sb by/with sth. 扩展：inspired,inspiring,inspiration10. tacklev.1)to deal with 对付，处理，解决 2)to seize and attack 抓

15、住，抱住例句：1)I dont know how to tackle the problem. 我不知道该如何处理这个问题。2)The robber tried to run away but a man ran and tackled him. 抢劫犯想逃，却被一个人抓住了。 搭配：1) tackle sth./sb.;处理2)tackle sb. about/over/on sth.就之事和（某人）理论 扩展：deal/ cope with11. sequencen.1)connected line of events,ideas,etc.连续之物，一连串的东西 2)顺序，连续 3)结果1

16、)New employees had to attend a sequence of meetings. 新的雇员得参加一系列的会议。2)The fall of the Roman Empire was written in historical sequence. 罗马帝国的衰落是按历史发展的先后顺序来写的。搭配：1)in/out of sequence 按顺序/不按顺序 2)in sequence of date 按日期3)a sequence of sth.一连串的事 扩展：sequential adj. 辨析：sequence series succession sequence 顺序

17、，次序（指在时间、空间或思想上接连发生的一系列事物或事件）1) series 连续，系列（指按照类似的性质或基本相同关系而安排的一些事物，如系列丛书、连续剧等）2) succession 连续，继续（指一些人或事物一个接一个，但彼此之间并不一定有关系）12. recallv.1)to remember 回忆起，回想起 2)to call back(someone)召回例句：1)Do you recall that I used to live next door to you? 你还记得我曾住在你隔壁吗？2)The government recalled the ambassador from

18、 his post. 政府将那位大使从任上召回。 搭配：recall+doing sth.;recall+that/wh. 辨析：remember, recall, renindremember 自然而然地想起1) recall 回想，回忆（有意识的想起过去）2) remind 提醒，唤起记忆13. argumentn.1)disagreement,quarrel争吵，争论； 2)论点，论据例句：1)The students had a long argument with their teachers about their uni-form 学生们就制服问题与老师有一场很长的辩论。2)Wh

19、at is your argument? 你的论点是什么？ 搭配：1）have an argument with sb. about/over sth.= argue with sb. about/over sth.与就争论2）argument for/against 3）argument+that 扩展：argue vi.1)辩论 争论 vi.1)论证，（坚决）主张 2)劝说，说服 搭配：argue sb. into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做 例句：They argued him into withdrawing his complaint. 他们说服他撤回了投诉。

20、14. violatev.1)act against 违反 2)侵犯，侵害例句：1)The driver violated the traffic regulation. 司机违反了交通规则。 2)The noise violates the peace of the campus. 嘈杂声打破了学校的宁静。搭配：1)violate regulations/agreement/oath 违反规则/协议/誓言 2)violate the basic human rights/a country/ones privacy 侵犯人权/国家/隐私扩展：violation n.15. avoidv.逃避

21、，避免，回避例句：1)Fortunately,we were able to avoid an accident. 我们幸运地逃过了一场灾祸。 2)I tried to avoid meeting him because he always bored me. 我尽量避免遇到他，因为他总是让我厌烦。搭配：avoid doing sth.扩展：avoidable16. careern.1)事业，职业 2)经理，生涯 例句：1)He planned to make law his career. 他打算以法律作为终身职业2)Its interesting to learn much about t

22、he career of great men. 了解为人的经历是件有趣的事。辨析：career, profession, occupation, job1) career: profession or occupation with oportunities for advancement or prmotion 生涯，事业职业2) profession: paid occupation(esp. one that requires advanced education and training 职业（尤指须受高深教育及专业训练者）3) occupation: job, employment

23、工作，职业（指某人对此曾受过训练）4) job: regularly paid osition or post 职业，职位17. congratulationn.1)祝贺，恭喜 2）贺词（通常用复数）例句：1)I offer my hearty congratulations on you success. 对你的成功，我表示中心的祝贺。2)He got a lot of congratulations on his success in research. 研究获得了成功，他收到了许多贺词。 搭配：congratulations on/upon 扩展：congratulate vt. 辨析：

24、congratulate, celebrate 1)congratulate 专指对个人经过努力获得的成功的祝贺，只以语言表达贺意，用于指人。 2)celebrate 指以行动（如送礼、开party等）庆祝生日、节目，用于指事物。 例句：1)We congratulated him on/upon his promotion. 我们祝贺他升官。 2)We celebrated his birthday with a party yesterday 我们昨天举行宴会来祝他生日愉快。 Unit2Key words and expressions:1. be lost in/lose oneself

25、 in : be absorbed in , be fully occupied with 专心致志于He was lost in playing computer games so he was unaware of my entering the room.She was lost in her novel .I had lost myself in thought.近义词： concentrate on /upon , be occupied with v.+oneself +prep./be +pp+prep. adjust oneself to /be adjusted to 适应于

26、。 engage oneself in /be engaged in 从事于。 dedicate oneself to /be dedicated to 献身于。 charge oneself with/be charged with承担，负起责任 addict oneself to /be addicted to 沉溺于。2. available: 1）able to be used , had or reached.可用的，可得到的，可利用的，可采用的，合用的For example: Since 1990,the amount of money available to buy books

27、 has fallen by 17%.2)valid 通用的，有效的The ticket is available on the day of issue only.本票只限当日有效。3)accessible 指人能出席的，能接见的，有空的The doctor is not available now.医生现在没空。3or something (informal)(used when you are not very sure about what you have just said) 诸如此类的事Heres some money. Get yourself a sandwich or so

28、mething.He sounded like as if he had a cold or something.Similar phase :or something like that. 辨析：such as 例如，象这种的。4 go ahead : 1）continue ;begin (sometimes followed by with+n.) 继续，开始The board of directors will vote today on whether to go ahead with the plan.Henry will be late but we will go ahead w

29、ith the meeting anyway. The police examined the cars and then allowed them to go ahead.go ahead with a plan 2)to go in advance of others.先走，行进在前面You go ahead and tell him that we are coming.辨析：go by , go off , go after go by 指时间过去，经过（地点） go off 指爆炸，不再喜欢，停止运动 go after 追逐，追求。 go against 违背，违反5.know/le

30、arn by heart :memorize ,remember exactly记住，能背出You have to know all the music by heart if you want to be a concert pianist.The pupils are required to learn a classic poem by heart every day .phases: at heart 内心里，本质上 by heart 用心记in heart 情绪高昂的，心情好的。 out of heart 沮丧的，垂头丧气的辨析：know/learn by heart Keep/be

31、ar in mind I will bear your advice in mind.I will learn your advice by heart.6.estimate:vt.1)from an opinion about 评价，判断He is highly estimated among his comrades.2)to calculate approximately (the amount ,extent ,position or value of sth) 估计，估量，预算He estimated that the hall would hold one thousand peo

32、ple.I estimate her age at 35.The plane from San Francisco is estimating in at 22:25n. 1)the act of evaluating or appraising评价，判断Now Ive realized that my estimate of her character was one-side. form an estimate of 2)a tentative evaluation or rough calculation , as of worth , quantityor size. 估计，估量，预算

33、The time, labour and cost required for the whole project may be less than the estimate.by rough estimateoverestimate underestimate7.might/may (just)as well 不妨，（也）无妨This phrase is always used in this condition: when you say that you might/may (just)as well do something ,you mean that you will do it a

34、lthough you do not have a strong desire to do it and may even feel slightly reluctant about it .Anyway, youre here, you might as well stay.The post office is really busywell have to queue for ages to get served. We might as well go home.8.not much of a : not a good 不太好的， 不是什么了不起的，称不上。Some people may

35、 think that doing housework for others is not much of a career.He is not much of a father, but he is an outstanding professor.Is he much of a doctor?9.keep up : continue without stopping 保持 I was so hungry all the time that I could not keep the diet up for longer than a month.Keep up with 辨析： Keep d

36、own 压制，镇压 Keep off 躲开，避开，使不接近 Keep on 继续，反复做 Keep to 坚守，信守，遵守10Correspondence: n.1)the act of writing ,receiving or sending letters(不可加S ，但是可以加 a ,often followed by with +n. ) 通信（联系）His interest in writing came from a long correspondence with a close college friend .He kept up a correspondence with

37、one of his old classmates.2）the letters that sb receives or sends (used as an uncountable noun) 信件Mary really never mentions her step-mother in her correspondence.Any further correspondence should be sent to my new address.3) something similar or same相符，一致There are correspondences between the two ac

38、counts. 这两种陈述之间有相似之处。Phrases（:短语；词组） Commercial correspondencebe in correspondence with sb about sth keep up a correspondence with sb 11.kind /sort of : (informal )a little bit , in some way or degree 有几分，有点儿She wasnt beautiful .But she was kind of cute.I kind of like him.12.postpone :delay 推迟，使延期（到

39、一个具体的日期）Postphone-post (=back)+pone(=pose,put)postwar /post-liberation /postgraduate/postoperative/post-treatmentpre(=before) prewar/preadult/precancelThe couple had postponed having children to establish their careers.The meeting has been postponed to next Friday.Postpone+doing sth avoid /propose/f

40、orbid/cant help/anticipate/recall/resist/put off+doing 辨析：.postpone delayDelay常指因为遇到阻碍致使某事无定期的“延迟”，常与for加一段时间连用。还可以指因为疏漏或松懈而耽搁做某事。postpone 常指把某事暂搁在一边，直至另外一件事情发生，完成，常与until/till 连用。13.skip:v.1) to move by hopping on one foot and then the other.跳，蹦Skip a brook2)to pass from point to point, omitting or

41、 disregarding 略过，跳过The teacher skipped chapter five and said it wouldnt be on the test.辨析：Skip jump hopSkip 用单脚跳两只脚轮流跳 jump 两只脚一起跳 hop 一脚短跳同一只脚skim , scan, skip Unit3attitude 1):manner or way one thinks about , behaves toward, or feels toward sb or sth (usu. followed by to/towards) 看法，观点The boy has

42、a bad attitude towards his schoolwork.His sons attitude to work made him angry .2)a position of the body. 姿势，姿态She kneels in the attitude of prayerattitude of mind 思想方法 strike an attitude 摆出一种姿态，装腔作势take / assume/hold /adopt an attitude of /to /about 对。采取某种态度take up an attitude采取某种态度，摆出某种姿态2Likely 1

43、)probable (when functioning as an adjective, the word is often used in the following patterns: it is likely that.;be likely to do sth) 可能的 It is likely that my roommate will win the first-class scholarship. An earthquake is likely to strike the area in a year or two. 2)probably (when used as an adve

44、rb the word is often preceded by “most”, ”more than” or “very”. You dont use it as adverb on its own) 可能地 It is reported that another sandstorm will very likely come in the next 24 hours. We will most likely stay home during the Spring Festival. 辨析：likely possible It is likely /possible that She is

45、likely to 3.do without :manage to survive ,continue ,or succeed although you do not have sth ,you need want ,or have没有.而设法对付过去Youll have to do without your dinner if you dont get back in time.I cant afford a car, so I guess Ill have to do without.do with 应付，处理 have nothing to do with 与。无关have to do

46、with 与。有关 have sth to do with 与。有关4anyway : (used to change the subject of a conversation or to support an idea or argument )anyhow 不管怎么说 -Ive got a terrible cold,”-“Have you? Oh, dear. Anyway, so youre not going to go away this weekend?We ought to spend less on the defense missiles which I think ar

47、e pretty useless anyway .5.put/turn the clock back : 1) return to a situation that used to exist, usually because the present situation is unpleasant. 倒退，开倒车The employment bill in which women are not allowed to take jobs will put the clock back fifty years. Forget all about it and look to the future

48、, you cant turn the clock back.2）to move the hands of a clock back将时钟拨慢6cut off :1)stop providing (sth) 切断，中断，Water and electricity supplies in the city have been cut off because of the American air attacks.Their phone has been cut off because they havent paid the bill.2):remove (sth )by cutting切下，剪

49、下：删去The editor cut off the last paragraph.3)deprive the heirdom /right to have ones property when one is dead剥夺继承权cut across/through抄近路，超越界限 cut across a field cut back 修剪，缩减，削减 cut back the grass / products /amount cut short 打断cut in 插嘴，插入，把。插进 cut up 切碎，抨击，歼灭7.bring about :make sth happen 引起，导致 使发

50、生Some educators are hoping to bring about major changes in the educational system.bring about industrialization /modernization 实现工业化/现代化8inquire : seek information by questioning: ask 打听消息，询问 “Is something wrong?” he inquire. I rang up to inquire about train times. He asked for his key and inquired

51、whether there had been any messages for him. The police inquired into her story and found it was true. 常与into连用，表示调查Collocation: inquire sth of sb inquire of sb about sth 向某人要求某事，向某人打听某事后不能跟双宾语，不能直接跟人做宾语inquire for 询问，要求见某人，要买某物 问候There is a little boy at the gate ,inquiring for you .inquire after 问

52、候，问起某人的健康后生活情况Tom inquire after his parents in the letter.inquiring :showing an interest in knowing about things好问的，爱探索的，爱好奇的Mary has an inquiring mind9initiative : 1)the ability to make decisions and take action without waiting for sb to tell you what to do主动 I wish my son would show a bit more ini

53、tiative. The workers are able to solve the problems on their own initiative.2) used in the phrase “take the initiative “:be the first person to take action to improve a situation or relationship ,esp.when other people are waiting for sb else to do sth.首创精神Why dont you take the initiative and arrange

54、 a meeting ?Dont stand around waiting for someone else to take the initiative.take the initiative 主动，率先 have the initiative 掌握主动权do sth on ones own initiative 主动，自发做什么事，不依靠外力10. rate : 1)the speed at which sth happens over a period of time.速度The worlds forests are disappearing at even faster rate th

55、an experts had thought.2)a certain amount of one thing considered in relation to a unit of another thing.比率For example:Britain held the record of having the highest divorce rate in Europe.3) cost or payment 费用The employees are demanding higher rates of pay.What is the rate for printed matter to mail?4)of