小学英语三四五年级语法

1、英语语法知识复习一、词类：(一) 动词 行为动词、be动词、情态动词。(1 )行为动词原形、+s/es、+ed、+i ng(2) be动词a、 Am-was Is -was Are-were 口诀：我用 am,你用are, is用在他她它，所有复数全用are。b、肯定和否定句I am (not) from London. He /She is( not) a teacher. My hair is( not) long. Her eyes are(not) small.c、 一般疑问句 Am I ? Yes, you are. No, you arenyou/thtsyAre ? Yeswe/

2、 they are.No,we/ they aren t. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn t.is、am are为一类，一般用于一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时中。was和were为另一类，一般用于一般过去时。(3 )情态动词情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪，态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。can、must、should、may、will。情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任何条件影响)1.1 / He / She / They can sing. May I come in? I must g

3、o now.2. You should be quiet i n the library.3. You ll be good friends.(二) 名词这里强调两点：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者was。单数名词表示一个可数事物，复数名词表示两个或两个以上的可数事物。一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体，如 worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集体名词(表示 作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people, family等)。如果普通名词所表示的

4、事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词（表示无法分为个体的物质，如 meat, rice, water, milk, orange等）和抽象名词（表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如 work, homework, time, health, frien dship 等）。二、可数名词复数形式1、 名词复数有规律，一般词尾加S;如：stude ntf stude nts2、 辅音字母加y型，变y为i, es;如：baby babies3、元音字母加y型，直接加s;如：boy宀boys4、 字母o、s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词，在其后加es;如：busbus

5、es; box宀boxes5、 F、fe真小气，字母 v来把它替，es在后别忘记；如：leafleaves; knife宀knives6、 字母o来真神奇，有生命的 es,无生命的加 s;如：tomato tomatoes; photophotos7、 中日好友来聚会，绵羊鹿鱼把家回；注：Chinese、Japanese people、sheep、deer、fish 单复数本身。8、 男士、女士 a 变 e; 如： manmen; womanwomen9、 牙齿、脚、鹅，双o 变双 e;如：tootht teeth; footfeet; gooses geese10、孩子们想去天安门，原形后面

6、ren;如：childt children11、老鼠本来爱大米，mice, ice 禾口 rice ; 如： mouseTmice、用所给名词的适当形式填空。1. How many(sheep) are there on the hill?2. There is some(food) in the basket.3. The baby has on ly two(tooth) now.4. There is a lot of(water) in the bottle.5. There are five(people ) in his family.6. Lets take(photo), OK

7、?7. I have lots of(tomato) here.8. The(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.9. The(child) are playi ng gameson the playgro und now.10. Their(dictio nary) look n ew.11. I see you have a few white(hair).12. They are(woma n) doctors.13. Can you give me some bottles of(ora nge), please?14. There are many(fox)

8、in the picture.15. I would like some apple(juice). I am very thirsty.3参考答案：1. sheep 2. food 3. teeth 4. water 5. people 6. photos 7. tomatoes 8. leaves 9. childre n 10.dict ion aries 11.hair, hairs 12. wome n13.orange 14. foxes;15. juice二、请写出下面名词的复数：baby tdayTboy tStrawberry tkey tBrush tbus tbox td

9、ressTWatchTleaf tknife tlife twife tTomatoTpotatoTphoto tradioTheroTChin eseTJapa nes4peopleTsheeprDeerTfish tmanTwomanttooth tfoot tgooseTchild tmouseTbook tschool tzootfaceTballo on tleg tarmTstude ntTeyeTearTmon key tfamily tthief tmilk tjuice twater trice tfox（三）形容词、副词形容词表示某一事物或的特征，副词表示某一动作的特征。形

10、容词和副词只有两种形式：原形和+er。未作比较的情况下就用原形，比较时就+er。 形容词的比较级 当我们需要对事物作出比较时，需要用到比较级。1）比较级的句子结构通常是：什么+动词be （am , is , are ） +形容词比较级 +（比）+什么，女口:I m taller and heavier than you.（我比你更高和更重。）An elephant is bigger than a tiger.2）形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的，它的变化规则是：5 一般的直接在词尾加er，如 tall - taller , strong - stronger, 以e结尾的，直接加

11、r，如fine -finer , 以辅音字母加y结尾的，先改y为i再加er,如funny - funnier 结尾是重读闭音节，而且结尾只有一个辅音时，双写这个辅音再加-er ”，例如：big -bigger, hot -hotter除此之外，还有几个特殊的单词，它的比较级和最高级都是不规则的，如：many / much （原形） -more （比较级）-most （最高级）little / few （原形）-less （比较级）-least （最高级）good （原形）-better （比较级）-best （最高级）bad （原形）-worse （比较级）-worst （最高级）far （原

12、形）-further -furthest附加：形容词的最高级变化类似于比较级，只是把词尾的er改成est,如：tall （原形）-taller （比较级）-tallest （最高级）long （原形）-Ionger （比较级）-Iongest （最高级）big （原形）-bigger （比较级）-biggest （最高级）注意比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西。典型错误：My hair is Ion ger than you.（我的头发比你更长。比较的两者是我的头发、你（整个人），那么比较的对象就没有可比性。应该改为： My hair is Ion ger tha n yours. 或 M

13、y hair is Ion ger tha n your hair.3） 如果比较的两者是一样的时候，我们会用asas 这个词组，它的用法是：什么+be+as+形容词原形+as+什么，意思是什么和什么一样 。如：I m as tall as yo（.我和你一样高。）My feet are as big as yours.（我的脚和你的一样大。）4）形容词、副词比较级的特殊用法 形容词/副词比较级+than+ any other+单数名词什介词短语）”表示比同一范围的任何一个人/物都”，含义是“最”。例如， Mike gets to school earlier tha n any other

14、stude nt in his class.=Mike gets to school earlier tha n any of the other stude nts in his class. = Mike gets to schoolearlier tha n the other stude nts in his class. = Mike gets to school earliest in his class. 注意： Mike gets to school earlier than any student in Tom s class.the+形容词比较级+of the two+表示

15、“是两者中较的”如， Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two. “比较级 +and+ 比较级”表示“越来越”。He is getting taller and taller. “ the+ 比较级，the+ 比较级” 表示“越，越，”。The more careful you are , the fewer mistakes youllmake5) .最高级常用句型结构 “主语+be+ the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“是中最的” 。如， Tom is the tallest in his clas

16、s./of all the students. 主语+be+ one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“是中最之一”。如， Beijing is one of the largest cities in China. 序数词 + 最高级Hainan Island is the second largest island in China.写出下列单词的比较级和最高级形式low high slow fast high hard cheap bright dark cool fat big thin hot many/muchslowly pretty funny dir

17、ty beautiful interesting expensive important different excited good/ well bad/illfarold、根据句意填入单词的正确形式。1 My brother is two years (old) than me.2. Is your sister (young) than you? Yes,she is.3. Who is (thin),you or Helen? Helen is.4. Whose pencil-box is (big),yours or hers? Hers is.5 Ben jumps (high)

18、than some of the boys in his class.6 Does Nancy sing (well) than Helen? Yes, she does.7 My eyes are (big) than hers.8 Which is (heavy),the elephant or the pig?9 Who gets up (early),Tim or Tom?10 Do the girls get up(early) than the boys? No,they.11 Jim runs (slow). But Ben runs (slow).三、选择正确的词填空。Sara

19、h is 12 years (old,older).She is one year (older,oldest) than me.But I am0.1 meter (taller, tallest) than her.She studies in Guangzhou interational Shool.Shestudies (harder,hardest) in her class.Everyone likes her.Yesterday ,she was ill.She took some medicine and she feels (good,better) now.四、选择。( )

20、 1. The yellow shoes arethan the blue ones.A.expensive B. expensiver C. more expensive( ) 2. A cow isbigger than a mouse.A.much B.more C.many( ) 3. Who s the,Jean,Joan or Jennet?A.thinner B.thinest C.thinnest( ) 4. Tim isthan Jack.A.funny B.much funny C.funnier( ) 5. I m taller than others in my cla

21、ss.I m.A.tall B.tallest C.the tallest( ) 6. Who can sing betterRose?A.than B.then C./( ) 7. I have books than you have.A.many B.much C.more()8. His uncle s house is veryA.old B.older C.oldest()9. My bike isbut his bike is .A.n ew, new B.new,n ewer C.n ew, newest()10. Please clean your room.It snow.A

22、.clea n B.dirty C.tidy五、翻译句子。1. 谁比Jim年纪大？是你。isthanm ?are2. 谁比 David更强壮？是 Gao Shan. tha n David? Gao Shan .3. 谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。pencil is,or ? is,I think.4. Ya ng Ling每天睡得比 Su Yang晚。Yang Lingto tha n Su Yang every day.5. 你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低。youthe kitethan Wang Bin g?No,litthan6. 我的姐姐起得比我早。My upth

23、an me.7. 她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。She doesn，t in PE. But I don t than.(四) 代词我我们你你们他她它他们主格Iweyouyouhesheitthey宾格meusyouyouhimheritthem形容词性物主代词myouryouryourhisheritstheir名词性物主代词mi neoursyoursyourshishersitstheirs、选词填空1、 I 和 me. 我是一名学生。 妈妈喜欢我。2、 We 和 us. 我们是中国人。 父母爱我们。 am a student. Mother likes . are Chinese.

24、Parents love .3、you 人称代词最容易记住的。 （你能翻译下列句子吗？试一试！ ） 你是一名学生。我喜欢你。你们是学生。我爱你们。4、你能推出 she 和 her 的位置吗？ 她是一名护士。 is a nurse.你能帮助她。 You can help .5、He 和 him他是我的朋友。 is my friends.（想想用he还是him呢？）我想和他一起玩。 I want to play with .6、it 的用法。-Where is my car?- is over there.指天气It is raining outside.指气候It is cold in Harb

25、in.指时间-What time is it ?-It s six o clock.7、 they 和 them._ are listening to the radioThere are some cats, I like very much.二、根据句子的意思填词1、（我） am a teacher.2、My father is talking with (我)3、 are Chinese.(我们)4、Her sister is helping . (我们)5、 are a beautiful girl. (你)6、 are students.(你们)7、 is a cat.(它)8、 a

26、re playing football. (他们)9、 often goes to the park after school. (他)10、My dog likes . (她)三、选出括号中正确的词，在正确的词上打勾。1. This is( my / I ) mother.2. Nice to meet ( your / you ) .3. ( He / His ) name is Mark.4. What s( she / her) name?5. Excuse( me / my / I ) .6. Are( your / you ) Miss Li?7. ( I/ My ) am Ben

27、.8. ( She / Her) is my sister.9. Fine , thank ( your / you ) .10. How old is ( he / his)四、根据句意用适当的人称代词、物主代词填空：1. Mary works in a bookstore. likeswork very much.2. John and I are in the same school. go to school together.3. She is a friend of . We got to know each other two years ago.4. Her sister ma

28、kes allown dresses.5. I have many friends. Some of are good at English.6. May I usebike? is broken.7. Everybody is here except Ann and friend Jane. are in the library now.五、选择填空s sister.1. Whos singing over there ? is SandyA. That B. ItC. SheD. This2. will spend the summer holiday in Hawaii.A. She,

29、you and IB. You, she and IC. I, you and sheD. Her, me and you3. Between you and , he is not a real friend.4.A. me B. I C. he D. hisMy uncle bought a new bike for5.6.7.A. theirsB. they C. me D. IMr Smith often praises （表扬）A. heB. himC. IHere s a postcard for you, Jim!A. he B. itDon t shake （摇）A. It,

30、it s B. ItC. shein class.D. meOh,D. it sis from my friend, Mary.the young tree. _ leaves are falling off（ 掉落） . You should look after s, it C. Its, itD. It, it（五）数量词我们学过两类： 基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少，而基数词用于表示次序，常在日 期中出现。 序数词的前面一般都加 the 。1）基数词：在十位数词和个位数词中间加上连字符-。如：21 twenty one 基数词三位以上的数词 , 在百位和十位之间 ,一般要用连词

31、and 。 如: 132 one hundred and thirty-two. 表示 万的词英语中没有 .如1万可用 1 0千来表示。ten thousand. 30万可用 three hundred thousand来表示。基数词的用法 ：1. 编号的事物用基数词 ： 如 ：Lesson Five, Room 1012. 表示 年,月,日 时用基数词。3. 表示 几点钟 , 几点过几分 用基数词。 It is two to two. 现在是两点差两分。4. 加减乘除用基数词。One plus two is three. 一加二等于三。 Eight minus four is four. 八

32、减四等于四。Two times two is four. 二乘二等于四 .Ten divided by two is five. 十除二等于五。5表示百分数用基数词Thirty percent of them is water.它们当中有 30%的水。6表示分数时，分子数字用基数词，但分母要用序数词，如分子不是1,序数词要用复数形式。On e-fifth of the books are mi ne.五分之一的书是我的。Three-te nths of water is disappeared.十分之三的水不见了。2)序数词：表示数目顺序的词用序数词。1. 序数词119除第一,第二，第三，第五

33、,第八，第九，第十二变化不规则外，其余均由在基数词 后加上-th。2. 十位整数的序数词的构成方法是，是将十位整数基数词的词尾-y变成i再加-etho3. 几十几的序数词，只是把个位数变成序数词，十位数不变。基数词和序数词互变曲基变序，有规律，词尾加上th;二三，特殊记，词尾字母t,d,d(first,second,third); 八减t(eighth), 九去 e (ninth) , f 来把 ve 替(five-fifth,twelve-twelfth); 单词 ty 作结尾，ty 变成 tie(twenty-twentieth);若是碰到几十几，只变个位就可以 (twenty-one-t

34、wenty-first).4. 第一百以上的多位序数词由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示。one hundred and twenty-first , one thousand, three hundred and twentieth5. 序数词的缩写形式有时，序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。主要缩写形式有。firstlst second2nd third3rd fourth4th sixth6th twentieth20thtwenty-third23rd其中lst, 2nd, 3rd为特殊形式，其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th。6. 通常前面要加定冠词the;但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词

35、a或an时，则表示 再”又 ” .Weve tried it three times . Must we try it a fourth time?7. 基数词也可以表示顺序。只需将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后(名词需大写)即可，不需要添加定冠词。the first less on Less on One , the fifth page Page 5, the twen ty-firstroom Room 21一、：写出下列词的序数词1. one 2.two 3. six 4.five 5.nine 6.twelve 7.eight 8.twenty-one 二、写出下列单词的基数词6.th

36、irty-firstI. third _ 2.fourth 3.tenth 4.twentieth 5.nineteenth三、根据句子意思填空。1. Children sD儿童节）is on the of June （六月）2. There are mon ths （月）in a year（年）.3. Teacher s 教a师节）is on the of September （九月）4. Three plus（加）six is .四、选择填空。（）1. My cousin s birthday in on the of October.A. three B. firstC. the sec

37、 ond（）2. What date is it today? It_ of AprilsA. twelfth B. the 12th C. 12th（ ）3. There are _ days in a week.A. the seve n B. seve nthC. the seve nthD. seve n（）4.S un day is the day of a week.A. one B. first C. sec ond（）5. Twenty-eight minus（减）six is _ .A. the twen ty- sec ond B. twen ty-two C. twen

38、ty- sec ond（）6. Four plus（加）is twelve.A. seve nB. eight C. nine二、句子（一）否定句be 动词（ am、 is、 are、 was、 were） +not 、 情态动词（ can、must、should）+ not 、 助动词（ do、 does、 did ） + not 如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句： 1看句中有无be动词，如有，直接在 be动词后+ not。2、 看句中有无情态动词，如有，直接在情态动词后+ not。3、 如上述二者都没有，就应用助动词+ n ot。分四个步骤：（1）肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的，要加上去，

39、位置在主语（某人或某物）后，动词、八前。（2）确定助动词用do、does还是did，根据句中动词，动词是原形的助动词就用do,动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does,动词用过去式的助动词就有did。（ 3）在助动词后加 not。 （4）原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。强调一点,有 some 的要考虑是否要用 any。 将下列各句改成否定句1、Toms brother is walking in the park.2、The students of Class 5 are cleaning the classroom.3、Their dog is playing in the room.4

40、、Tom and Mary are friends.5、There are some books in the bookcase.6、There is a banana in the box.7、I m a student.8She is a farmer.9、They can play football after school.10、You should climb the tree.11、It s time for sports.12、He likes the violi n.13、Have some bread, Tom.(2) 一般疑问句。基本特征：(1)用Yes或No回答的叫做一般

41、疑问句。(2) 一般疑问句的回答要注意前后一致！1、动词要用 助动词do提问，do有三种形式：(1) 过去时间用did_提问。(2) 一般现在时中的第三人称单数he/she/it用does提问。(3) 其他用do提冋。(4) 用 do/does/did提问，后面用动词原形。(5) 用什么提问，用什么答。例子：1. Do you go to school on foot? Yes, I do. / No, I don t.2. Does Mike go to school by bike? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn t.3. Did you go to U.S.A

42、yesterday? Yes, I did./ No, I didn t.2、名词或形容词要用 be动词提问。be有三种形式：(1) I用am提问，过去时间用 was提问。(2) he/she/it/单个姓名用is提问，过去时间用was提问。（3）其他用are提问，过去时间用 were提问。3、特殊的：（1） 现在进行时用 be动词提问。（be+现在分词ing）（2）is he/she/it 问，he/she/it is 答（3）is there 问，there is 答；are there 问，there are 答.（4）are they 问，they are 答.（5）问 I，答 you

43、;问 you （你），答 I;问we，答you （你们）；问you （你们），答we（6）问 he，答 he;问 she,答 she;问 it，答 it;问 they，答 they.（7）用can问，用can答；用must问，用must答；用will问，用will答；用should问，用should答。如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为一般疑问句：1、看句中有无be动词，如有，把 be动词提到句首即可。2、看句中有无情态动词，如有，把情态动词提到句首即可。3、如上述二者都没有，就应把助动提到句首。分四个步骤：（1）肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的，要加上去，位置在主语（某人或某物）后，动词 刖。（2）

44、确定助动词用do、does还是did，根据句中动词，动词是原形的助动词就用do,动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does,动词用过去式的助动词就有did。（3 ）把助动词后提到句首。（4 ）原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。强调一点，有some的要考虑是否要用any。陈述句变一般疑问句1. The boy does some housework at home.2. These cats are crying.（喊叫）3. They can swim.4. I like to read （阅读） English.5. I go to school on foot.（走路）6. He like

45、s En glish.7. His father goes to work by bus.（乘公共汽车）8. He is crying （哭）under the tree.9. His birthday is on the twentieth of November.10. Mrs. Li and Kitty are in a big shop.（三）特殊疑问句表示疑问，有疑问词（在开头），回答有很多种可能。常用疑问词：疑问词意思用法When什么时间问时间What time什么时间问具体时间，如几点钟Who谁问人Whose谁的问主人Where在哪里问地点where 配动词goWhich哪一个问

46、选择Why为什么问原因What什么冋东西、事物冋爱好；冋职业；问外貌What about。怎么样问意见What for为何目的问目的Howo o o o怎问情况How many多少数量（可数名词）问数量How much多少钱；多少数量（不可数名词）冋多少钱或数量（不可数）与What有关的疑问词短语：1. What colour :什么颜色（问颜色）2. What time :几点钟（问时间/问几点钟）What time is it now? It is 7:30.3. What day :星期几（问星期）What day is it today? It is Mo nday.4. What d

47、ate :什么日期（问日期）What date is it today? It is Ju ne 1 st.5. What s the weather like today （问天气）天气怎么样？What was the weather like yesterday? It was cloudy.6. What s the matteiwith you?（问病症）你怎么了？ I have a cold.7. What s your favourtite food/colour/animal/sport/class/season?My favourite food/colour/a nimal/

48、sport/class/seas on is8. Who is your favouriteteacher?谁是你最喜爱的老师？Mr Chen/Miss Li is my favourite teacher.与How有关的疑问词短语：How many :多少（问数量） How much :多少（问价钱）How tall :多高（问身高）Howold :多少岁（问年龄）How heavy:多重（问体重） How big :多大（问尺码、大小）How long : 多长（问长度） How large :多少平方（问面积）How many 身后只用复数名词，How much用于修饰不可数名词你有多少

49、本故事书？【误】 How many storybook do you have?【误】 How much storybook do you have?【正】 How many storybooks do you have?他想要多少块面包【误】How many piece of bread does he want?【误】How much piece of bread does he want?【正】 How many pieces of bread does he want?你需要多少肉？【误】 How many meat do you n eed?【正】 How much meat do

50、you n eed?一、选择正确的单词填空（who, where, whe n）1. is that pretty girl? She is my sister.2. are Jack and Tom? They are beh ind you.3. do you go to school? I go to school from Mon day to Friday.4. has a beautiful flower? Joh n has a beautiful flower.5. are they? They are my pare nts.6. is my mother? She is i

51、n the living room.7. are you going? We are going to the bakery（面包坊）.8. do Jim and Wendy play ball? They play ball in the afternoon.9. does he jog? He jogs in the park.10. are you from? rm from Chan gch un city.二、就画线部分提问1. He is my father.2.They are un der the tree.2.I often watch TV after dinner.（晩饭

52、后）提示：饭后强调的是时间问题。3.Lily swims in the swimming pool.（ 游泳池）4. Joes father plays badminton（羽毛球）every weekend.5. The supermarket is near the school.6. Jennifer has a pair of earri ngs（耳环）.三用 what time, what color, what day, what 填空。1. A: is it? B: It is nine o clock.2. A: do Diana and Fiona have supper?B

53、: Diana and Fiona have supper at 18:00.3. A: is it? B: It is purple.4. A: is the sky? B: The sky is blue.5. A: is your coat? B: My coat is black.6. A: is today? B: Today is Monday.7. A: is tomorrow? B: Tomorrow is Tuesday.8. A: was yesterday（ 昨天 ）? B: Yesterday was Sunday.9. A: do you like? B: I like red.10. A: are you doing? B: We are playing basketball.11. A: does your mother do? B: My mother is a policewoman.12. A:are those? B: Those are peppers（辣椒）.13. A: is in the classroom? B: The blackboard is in the classroom.14. A: ? B: Mary is hungry.