动词及动词词组辨析

1、动词和动词词组辨析上海市风华初级中学沈洁第一部分知识点梳理一. 动词辨析L borrow； lend； keepborrow借入（不能与延续性时间状语连用）常 用于 borrow sth from sb.I borrowed a pen fromMary yesterday.lend借出（不能与延续性时间状语连用）常 用于 lend sb sth. 或 lend sth. to sb.Would you lend your MP4to mekeep保存，保留（引申为“借用”）能和表示 时间段的时间状语及how long等连用How long may I keep this dictionary

2、2. cost； pay； spend； take（形式）主语谓语宾语补语人spendTime or moneyon sth./ (in)doing sth物或事costmoney事taketime or money人paymoneyJane much money on pets.This TV set me much money.It me ten minutes to go to the post office.We 11you in a few days3. carry； fetch； take； bringbring某人从某地带来某物carry某人保持拿某物的状态fetch某人往返一趟

3、取得某物take某人将某物从某地拿走Sheher baby in her arms the rubbish away.Remember tome an umbrella.Go andthe dicti on ary.4. invent； discover； createinvent通过想象或实验创造出以前不存在的东 西Bellinventedthetelephone in 1876discover发现早已存在，只是一直未被人发现或 知道的东西She discovered the dog under the dogcreate通过想象创造出新的人物形象或戏剧角He created many fa

4、mous characters5. memorize； rememberremember指一件事或印象是在记忆中， 多想想可以想得出)Hellen could not remember when she had been so happy.memorize有意识地去默记”或“熟记” 以留下印象My English teacher asked us tomemorize these new words6. raise； riseraise举起，提起，增加（及物动词）Tom raised his arms above his headrise人或物从低处向高处上升，数量增加（不及物动词）Look,

5、the sun isrising1.-& look at; see； watchwatch观看某个正在或将要发生、移 动或变化的事物或事件等He is watching TV.see看见某物（强调结果）It was so dark he could hardly seelook at用视线投注在某物上（强调行为）Students are looking at the teacher.9. steal； robsteal暗中偷窃别人钱财（常用steal sth. from sb）My bike has been stole n.rob用暴力抢劫别人财物（常用rob sb. of sth.）She

6、 was robbed of her ring.10. say； speak； tell； talksay说（着重于所说的话。作及物动词时， 后接名词、代词、动词不定式等或 that/ wh-从句作宾语）His passport says he is29.speak1说（着重开口发出的声音。多作不及 物动词，如作及物动词，后接 languages）I was so surprised thatI could not speaktell告诉，讲给别人听Tell you the truthtalk多作连续性的说话和交谈Theyaretalkingbusiness11. damage； hurtda

7、mage常指车辆、房屋、庄稼等 无生命物体受损或毁坏 而失掉其价值、用途或外 表His car was damaged in an accidenthurt指肉体上的伤害，也可指 精神上的伤害He hurt his back when he fell.12. accept； receiveaccept接受（表示接受者经过考 虑，愿意接受）Iacceptedinvitation.thereceive收到（强调行为本身，不 涉及收受者是否接受）Ireceivedinvitation.anYesterday I a letterMary.I didhis invitation but I dicin

8、 tit.13. arrive； get； reacharrive到达（不及物动词，后面跟 地点时，必须加介词in或 at）I arrived at bus stopget到达（后接名词要加to；表 示到家用get home）When did you get home yesterday eveningreach到达（及物动词，后面直接 跟表地点的名词）They reached Los Angeles onSaturda y.二、动词词组辨析1. join； take part in； attendjoin加入组织Tom joined the army when he was 18.take

9、part in参加活动He always takes part in outdoor activities.attend出席He attended a meeting.2. be made of; be made up ofbe made of由制成（在成品中可看见原 料）The table is made of wood be made up of由组成（指各个部分组成整 体）The bridge model is made up of many pieces of paper3. be used to； used tobe used to(现在)习惯(be used to sth/ doi

10、ng sth)I m used to working with him nowused to过去常常做某事（used to do）My father used to smoke4. happen； take placehappen（当主语为”事”）发生happen to sb.；（当主语为”人”）碰巧happen to doWhen did the earthquake happenHe happened to know the place.take place发生（指事先计划或预想到）；举行 某种活动The meeting took place at8：00 as planned.7. lo

11、ok for； find out； findlook for寻找（强调行动）Kitty is looking for her dogfind找到（强调结果）I can t find my car key.find out查明（具体事因，真相-）He wanted to find out what the problem was三.其他L looklook after 照看，照料look at 看 look forward to doing sth.期待着look like看上去像look out注意 留神look up查寻，抬头看2. putput off延期put on穿，戴上，上演put

12、out扑灭put up 举起，挂起3. taketake a look 看一看take a message for sb.给某人捎个口信 take uptake away 拿走 管理开始从事take one s advice 听从某人劝告 take charge of 负责,take notes记笔记take off脱掉(衣服)起飞take an underground (train)turn on/off开、关掉(电灯、take hold of 抓住take care of 照料 take out 取出 乘地铁4. turnturn up/down （把音量等）调高、调低 电视、收音机等）t

13、urn out结果是，证明是turn over翻（车.页），翻身turn into变成5. getget along/on (with)进展，与相处 get back 返回get up 起床get on /off 上、下车get ready for 为准备 get rid of 摆脱get tired of对感到厌倦get to到达get into the habit of 养成-一的习惯6. makemake a decision 作出决定 火 make a living 谋生 noise弄出声make a film拍电影make a mistake 犯错误make a fire 生make

14、 amake friends with 与交朋友 make fun of 拿开玩笑 make money赚钱make progress 取得进步 make the bed 整理床铺 make up one s mind 下决 心7. gogo ahead 向前走，去吧gofor a swim 去游泳 goshopping去购物go home回家goon继续go on a diet 实行节食go on a picnic去野餐go on with/ doing sth.继续做某事 goout熄灭go over复习gosightseeing 去观光go wrong 出错go to bed 就寝got

15、o college上大学go to school上学go to sleep 入睡 go to the cinema/movie (s)看电影 go to (the) hospital 去医院(看病)8. keepkeep a diary 记日记keep fit保持健康keepfrom 使免于keep in touch (with) 保持联系 keep off 阻挡，不让接近 keep quiet保持安静keep sb. busy让某人忙不停keep doing sth.继续做某事四、其他（2）ask for请求 leave for动身去 prepare for 准备2. awayrun awa

16、y 逃跑care for照顾、喜欢 look for 寻找 search for 搜查throw away 扔掉get ready for 准备 pay for付钱wait for 等待take away 拿走think of 想起到厌倦get rid of 摆脱get tired of 对感hear of听说run out of 用完、耗尽 take hold of 抓住dream of 梦想take charge of负责、管理die of因一病而死hear from 收信learn from 从学到keep from阻止，使免于protect from 保护免受 prevent from

17、妨琦、阻止某人做某事stop from阻止一-做tell from 区分、辨别come from来自5. offget off下车keep off 阻挡，不让一-接近put off 延期seeoff 送行show off 炫耀6. I?. withcommunicate with 与交流deal with 处理be connected to/ with 与连接keep in touch with 与保持联系make friends with 与交朋友play with与起玩share with 分享talk with/ to sb与谈话& ondepend on依赖、依靠come on快，跟我

18、来get on上车go on继续hold on等一等（别挂电话）live on 靠生play a trick on 作弄put on穿，戴上，上演rely on依靠try on试穿turn on打开9. up!dress up穿着打扮look up查寻，抬头看wake up醒来,叫醒grow up成长put up举起、挂起take up开始从事pick up拾起shup up 住 口stay up熬夜10. outpick out 挑选出point out 指岀put out扌卜灭sell out 售完take out 取出turn out结果是、证明是work out做出、算出find ou

19、t查明真相go out熄灭look out注意、留神第二部分练习、基础练习Choose the best answer()is the kind of person whom people like to make A friend with B friends ofC friendsD friends with()2 How long have they the computerA boughtB hadC borrowed D sold()s raining heavily outside Remember tothe rain coat to himwhen you go thereA

20、bringB takeC carryD buy()little boy can the top of the shelfA get toB arrive atC reachD receive() these dogs at home when the Smiths are abroadA looks up B looks forC looks after I) looks in()can water into ice or steamA turn toB turnC turn offD turn on()7 The plane here for ten minutes already.A ha

21、s come B has beenC has been to D has stopped()8. Though the child is very young, he can already the timeA talkB sayC readD tell()s unnecessary for us to so much money on these uselessbooks.A costB spendC takeD pay()10. Have youwho took away my keyA foundB found outC looked for D got() living in the

22、countryside to the cityA likesB prefersC enjoysD loves)12 The earth is our home We mustthe land, air and waterclean.A changeB shareC noticeD keep)girls enjoy skirts in spring.A wearing B dressingC putting on D having()Iyour dictionaryOf course But you musttit to others.A borrow, lendB borrow, borrow

23、 C lend, borrow D lend,lend二、拓展练习the hobby group at()1. Judy likes Chinese painting and shescho olA has taken part inB has joinedC has attendedD has come into()2. He couldneither French nor German, so Iwith himin EnglishA speak, talkedB talk, toldC say, spoke D tell,talked()3. I don t know Sam* s telephone number Will you pleaseinyour address book for meA look up itB look it upC look for it D look at辻()are very sad and angry to hear that the bad milk powder the death of over 30 babies.C broughtD causedA madeB did()5. The VIPs (Very Important Persons) from 21 countr