翻译三级笔译实务工业发展Industry

1、翻译三级笔译实务- 工业发展 (industry)( 总分： 140.00 ，做题时间： 90 分钟 )一、 b /b(总题数： 10，分数： 20.00)1.we are soberly aware that china remains the worlds largest developing country, with a large population, weak economic foundation, uneven development, and challenges of unparalleled magnitude and complexity.（分数： 2.00 ）_正确

2、答案： ()解析：我们清醒地认识到，中国仍然是世界上最大的发展中国家。中国人口多、底子薄、发展很不平衡，在发展中遇到的矛盾和问题，无论是规模还是复杂性，都是世所罕见的。2.britains largest manufacturing industry is the iron and steel industry and britain remainsone of the worlds major steel-producing nations.（分数： 2.00 ）_正确答案： ()解析：英国最大的制造业是钢铁工业，而且英国一直是世界重要钢铁生产国之一。3.the unprecedented

3、high-level exchanges between the two sides have given a strong boost to the strategic mutual trust and the overall improvement and growth of the china-us relations.（分数： 2.00 ）_正确答案： ()解析：双方高层接触之多前所未有，大大增加了两国战略互信，推进了中美关系的改善和发展。4.the automobile industry is one of the most important industries in the w

4、orld, affecting notonly the economy but also the cultures of the world.（分数： 2.00 ）_正确答案： ()解析：汽车工业是世界上最重要的工业，它不仅影响世界经济，也影响世界文化。5.being the worlds fourth largest exporter of medicines, britains pharmaceutical industry hassome of the worlds largest multinational research-intensive manufacturers.（分数： 2

5、.00 ）_正确答案： ()解析：作为世界第四大药品出口国，英国制药业拥有一些世界上最大的跨国研究型生产商。6.ranked as one of the most important industries in britain, the motor components industry consistsof over 2,000 companies.（分数： 2.00 ）_正确答案： ()解析：作为英国最重要的工业，汽车配件工业拥有2000 多家公司。7.the footwear manufacturing industry is made up predominantly of small

6、 companies, increasinglyunder pressure from imports.（分数： 2.00 ）_正确答案： ()解析：鞋、袜制造业主要是一些小型企业，它们越来越受到进口的压力。8.bio-medicine production, well-knows as a golden industry and remaining stagnant for years,was showing vigor of growth.（分数： 2.00 ）_正确答案： ()解析：生物制药，作为“金色产业”多年来一直处于停滞状态，开始显示出勃勃生机。9.a sound china-u.

7、 s. relationship serves the fundamental interest of the two countries and their people, and the peace, stability and development of the asia-pacific region and the world as well.（分数： 2.00 ）_正确答案： ()解析：一个良好的中美关系符合两国和两国人民的根本利益，也有利于亚太乃至世界的和平、稳定与发展。10.chinas wto entry makes it imperative for enterprises

8、 to increase their competitive power,and for industries to establish their comparative advantages.（分数： 2.00 ）_正确答案： ()解析：中国加入wto迫切要求企业加强竞争力，确立产业竞争优势。二、 b /b(总题数： 10，分数： 20.00)11. 中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。（分数： 2.00 ）_正确答案： ()解析： china is a large country with four-fifths of

9、the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses.12. 此时此刻，通过现代通信手段的奇迹，看到和听到我们讲话的人比整个世界历史上任何时刻都要多。（分数： 2.00 ）_正确答案： ()解析： at this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are s

10、eeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world.13. 从她的文字看来，她是一个亲切而慷慨的朋友，又不失敏锐的头脑和绝佳的幽默感。（分数： 2.00 ）_正确答案： ()解析： her writing revealed her to be a kind and generous friend with a sharp wit and marvelloussense of humour.14. 我是 1929 年 8 月 17 日在阿巴拉契山脉煤矿区中心的肯塔基

11、州出生的，父亲叫奥利弗鲍尔斯，母亲叫埃达鲍尔斯，我在他们的六个子女中排行老二。（分数： 2.00 ）_正确答案： ()解析： born on august 17,1929 in kentucky, in the heart of the appalachian coal-mining country,i was the second of six children of oliver and ida powers.15. 他的眼睛格外大，却少了原本该有的那份天真无邪，看着陌生人时尤其显得老成。） 2.00 （分数：_正确答案： ()解析： his eyes are too wide yet n

12、ot as innocent as they should have been, especially when catchingsight of strangers.16. 每个人都有各自的长处与缺点，应该互相学习，才能取人之长，补己之短。（分数： 2.00 ）_正确答案： ()解析： everyone has his own strong points as well as his shortcomings. they should learn from each other, so that each can adopt the others strong points, offset

13、his own weaknesses.17. 他点点头，喉头发紧，一句话也说不出来。（分数： 2.00 ）_正确答案： ()解析： he nodded, unable to say anything through the tightness of his throat.18. 中国执行改革开放政策，争取在五十到七十年间发展起来。（分数： 2.00 ）_正确答案： ()解析： by pursuing a policy of reform and opening to the outside world, china is striving to becomedeveloped within a

14、 50-70 years.19. 另外一些人可以在工厂农村住几个月，在那里做调查，交朋友。（分数： 2.00 ）_正确答案： ()解析： others can stay for a few months in the factories or villages, conducting investigationsand making friends.20. 胡先生背着手，似乎在很有兴趣地“欣赏”这幅作品。（分数： 2.00 ）_正确答案： ()解析： mr. hu, with his hands resting behind his back, seemed to be appreciatin

15、g the picturewith great interest.三、 b /b(总题数： 1，分数： 60.00)21.bobal industrialization/b industrialization changed the world. few places on earth have escaped its impact. however, the nature of the impact varies from place to place. understanding the global consequences of industrialization requires a

16、n understanding of how industrialization differed in each place. industrialization is always initially a regional, nota national, phenomenon as demonstrated by the long industrial lag of the american south. many other parts of western europe plus the united states followed britain in the early 19th

17、century.a few other european regions - sweden, holland, northern italy - began serious industrialization only at mid-century. the next big wave of new industrialization, beginning around the 1880s, embraced russia and japan. a final round (to present) included the rapid industrialization of the rest

18、 of the pacific rim (especially south korea and taiwan) by the 1960s. various factors shaped the nature of industrialization in each place. in britain, for example, industrialization succeeded when it depended on individual inventors and relatively small companies. it began to lag, however, in the c

19、orporate climate of the later 19th century. in contrast, germany surged forward when industrialization featured larger organizations, more impersonal managementthe state wasgermany, than artisan-tinkerers. in rather collaborative research and structures, also more directly involved in industrializat

20、ion than in britain. french industrialization emphasized updated craft products. this reflected not only earlier national specialties, but also less adequate resources in coal, a factor that held heavy industry back. furniture workers, for example, used pre-set designs to turn out furniture quickly,

21、 but they resented dilutions of their artistic skill. the united states industrialization depended on immigrant labor. unlike germany, however, the united states introduced laws that combated businesses big enough to throttle competition, though the impact of these laws was uneven. the united states

22、 with its huge marketalso pioneered the new economic stage of mass consumerism that ultimately had a worldwide impact. the consequences of industrialization are, ultimately, global. by the early 19th century, europes factories pushed back more traditional manufacturing in areas like latin america an

23、d india. atthe same time, industrial centers sought new food resources and raw materials, prompting these sectors to expand in places like chile and brazil. gradually, however, other societies copied industrialization or at least developed an independent industrial sector. much of 20th-century world

24、 history, in fact, involves efforts by societies like india, china, iran, or brazil to reduce their dependence on imports and mount a selective export operation through industry. industrializations environmental impact has also been international. industrialization quickly affected local water and a

25、ir quality around factories. industrial demands for agricultural products, like robber, caused deforestation and soil changes in places like brazil. these patternshave accelerated as industrial growth has spread more widely, creating modern issues such as global warming. the world impact of industri

26、alization, in these senses, remains an unfinished story asthe 21st century begins. given the global impact of industrialization, it is increasingly important that we understand its nature and its consequences. whereas the impact of industrialization is easy to understand on a personal level - how it

27、 affects where and how we work or live our lives - it is more difficult to understand its nature on a global level, particularly when its global pattern is so complex. history provides a means toward this understanding. by understanding the causes, the variations, and the historic consequences of th

28、e industrial revolution, we can better understand our present circumstances and, hopefully, shape future industrializations for the good.（分数： 60.00 ）_正确答案： ()解析： b 工业的全球化 /b工业化改变了整个世界，影响了地球上几乎每一个角落。然而，这种影响的性质却因地而异。要了解工业化的全球性后果， 就必须了解各地工业化的差异。 工业化总是发端于某个地区， 而不是整个国家，美国南方的工业长期落后于北方的事实便是明证。 19 世纪初，其它西欧地

29、区和美国先后步英国后尘，开始了工业革命。欧洲的其它地区如瑞典、 荷兰和意大利北部则迟至 19 世纪中叶才进入真正的工业革命。 19 世纪 80 年代左右开始的第二波工业革命，卷入了俄罗斯和日本。从 20 世纪 60 年代起延续至今的最后一波工业革命，则波及了太平洋沿岸的其它地区 ( 尤其是韩国和台湾 ) 。 影响各地工业化性质的因素纷繁复杂。 英国工业化的成功依靠的是发明家们和小公司的力量。但是在 19 世纪下半叶大公司形成气候之后，英国便开始落后了。与此相对照，当更大型的机构、更客观的管理结构和合作研究取代了传统的手工艺人后，德国便迅速崛起了。在德国，政府对工业的干预也比英国更加直接。法国的

30、工业革命更为注重手工艺产品的更新换代。这不仅反映在法国早先一些特有的行业上，而且还因为法国相对匮乏的煤炭储量阻碍了重工业的发展。家具工人按照预先设计好的图样能很快生产出家具，同时又对不能施展自己的手艺痛恨不已。在美国，工业化的发展依赖的是移民劳工。不过，与德国不同的是，美国用法律制约了扼杀竞争的大公司，尽管这些法律的影响并不均衡。享有巨大市场的美国，率先进入了大众消费的经济阶段，并最终影响了整个世界。工业化的结果最终必然是全球性的。 19 世纪初，欧洲的工厂把过时的传统制造业转移到拉丁美洲和印度等地区。同时，在工业中心寻求新的食品和原料来源的过程中， 智利和巴西等国的相关产业因而得以发展。其他

31、非欧洲国家也在仿效欧洲的工业革命，或者至少发展自己独立的产业。在 20 世纪的大部分时间，印度、中国、伊朗和巴西等国都在致力于减少对进口产品的依赖，并有选择地发展自己的出口工业。工业革命对环境的影响也是国际性的。工厂周围地区的水和空气的质量都很快受到了影响。工业对橡胶等农业产品的需求，导致了巴西等国森林的减少和土壤的变化。随着工业化的扩展，这种现象也在变本加厉，从而引起了全球变暖等现代问题。在这些意义上，工业化的全球影响并没有随着21 世纪的到来而结束。 鉴于上述工业化的全球影响，我们必须尽快了解工业化的本质及其后果。在个人的层面上，工业化对我们的日常生活的影响自然不难理解，但是，在全球的层面

32、上理清它如此复杂的本质并非易事。好在历史为我们提供了理解工业革命的手段。我们可以从工业革命的起因、其不同的形式及其历史后果中，更清楚地看到自己所处的环境，并且有望更好地塑造工业化的未来。四、 b /b(总题数： 1，分数： 40.00)22.b 中国加入 wto对国内汽车工业的影响 /b中国的汽车工业大致可以分为两部分：中方独资公司和跨国公司控股的中国公司。中国汽车工业有以下优势：首先，中国在21 世纪将成为世界上最大的消费市场。其次，中国已建立起完整的汽车工业体系，某些产品已达到20 世纪 90 年代国际技术水平。再次，某些进口车型已高度本土化。最后，廉价的劳动力是中国战胜外国竞争者的武器。

33、中国加入 wto将对国内汽车工业产生重大积极影响。第一，加入wto可以加快汽车市场的发展。第二，加入 wto可以降低用于汽车工业的某些产品的价格。第三，贸易自由化将刺激国际贸易的发展并刺激汽车出口。最后，随着个人成为汽车的主力，加入wto将加速私有汽车市场的发展。中国加入 wto也将产生消极影响。第一，来自日本、美国、德国、法国、意大利以及其它国家的大型汽车公司将显示出他们的优势并利用其技术、营销以及运转资金方面的优势。第二，加入wto后，市场的快速自由化将使中国的汽车制造商的税收和利润大幅下跌，这将迫使汽车制造商解聘许多雇员。1992 年年末，中国汽车工业在岗人数约为 185 万人。第三，税

34、收和利润的萎缩将大幅减少政府征自汽车工业的税收。1992 年，汽车工业的总产值占全年国内工业总产值的12%。1997 年，汽车工业缴纳利税 200 亿人民币，占国民生产总值重要部分。进口的减少将造成关税及其它从国外进口的汽车相关的产品税收的显著下降。最后，一旦跨国公司在中国建立起销售网络，他们将能够在国内市场上推出许多产品和服务。（分数： 40.00 ）_正确答案： ()解析： binfluence of chinas wto accession on domestic automotive industry/b chinas automotive industry can be roughl

35、y divided into two factions: purely chinese companies and chinese companies working under multinational automotive groups. the chinese automotive industry isstrong in several aspects. first, china will become the worlds largest consumer of automobiles in the 21st century. second, china has establish

36、ed a complete automotive industrial system, with some car products reaching international technological levels equivalent to those of the 1990s. third, some imported models have been highly localized. finally, cheap labor is a weapon that china can use to fight against foreign competitors. chinas wt

37、o entry will have a good deal of positive influence on domestic automotive industry. first, wto accession may advance the growthof the auto market. second, entering the wto may lower the prices of products used in the automotive industry. third, trade liberalization will spur the development of international trade andstimulate automobile exports. finally, the wto entrance will accelerate the development of the private auto market, as individuals will be the ma