托福写作总结(tony老师)

1、托福写作总结（tony老师） 托福写作总结 托福考试的介绍： 广综合写作(in tegrated ) 20分钟主要靠听力 Write理想字数 150字/20分钟 理想分数 34分 独立写作(independent ) 30分钟 理想字数 350字/25分钟 理想分数 45分 算分 方法： (integrated + in depe nden t)/2*6 POOL: 熟练掌握题库185道题目，最少读三遍， 对题目进行分类(合并题目，掌握热点) Educati on Lear ning 托福考试热点En vir onment Less ons in life Moder n tech no lo

2、gy Mass media 独立写作的框架： （开头50字，结尾50字，中间分三段, 每段80个字。） Defin iti on 厂 I.IHook History Importa nee 1.In trodueti on Con troversy Quotati on 1.2 Bridge 1.3 Mai n poi nt 1.1 Hook常用表达： 1. Con traryto what most people believe, ( )are n ota moder n con cept. 1.1 1 History 2.() have a ven erable history, dati

3、 ng back to thousands of years ago. 3. () have a history n early as long as huma n civilizatio n itself. 4. An cie nt Chin ese/ an cie nt Egyptia ns/ an cie ntIn dia ns/ caveme n ( ).These activities can be in dispe nsable part in (). 1.12Importa nee see n as the earliest forms of (). 1.( ) be playi

4、 ng an in creas in gly importa nt role in (). 2.( )be an 3.() has/ve had eno rmous (treme ndou s) impacts (in flue nces/ effects) or every aspect (fact) of (). 4. () has/ve evolved into a multi-billi on dollar in dustry. 1.Opinions about () s effects on () have varied. 1.13C on troversy 2. Has creat

5、ed con siderable con troversy in/am ong (). Native ( 1.14Quotatio n 本土化) Expla nati on (sb ), one of the great er and most in flue ntial (most brilli ant, fore most) Chi ne se (philo sophe rs, schol ars, educ ators, thi nk ers, write rs, artis ts, state sme n, milita ry, leade rs, scie n tists )(of

6、the 20 th centu ry) rema rked (com ment ed, has put Imagi nati on 31 e n ci u s) hi s t o r y is a cl e a r m ir r r, hi s t o r y is a b ri g h t la m P, hi s t o is a w is e t e a c h e r (Confucius 子曰)具体内 容见讲义附录 Introduction除了用 hook之外，还可 以用question (bridge) 的格式来写。 Bridge quotati on (hook) Main po

7、i nt MP 1.2Bridge的常用表达 l.the questi on is “” 2. 设问法 ( ) c o n s t a n t l y f i n t h e m s e l v e s c o n f r o n t e 虚拟观点 s o m e e d u c a t o r s a r g u a t a d ol e s c e n t s a r e e n c o a g e t o s t u d y m o r e ISMn poi nt设问法(回答问题) I believe the an swer is yes (no). 虚拟观点 I (dis)a gree

8、 with this opi nio n, the reaso ns are as folio ws. 2.Body : Sub poi nt分论点 连接词：Logical word:First (to begi n with, for starters) Second Fi nally (last, but not least) 并歹y： besides, in addition to (prep) Inadditi on, furthermore, moreover (adv) 递进：more important, most importa nt, about all (adv) (副词后

9、面不能加名词) 转折： 让步 despite, the fact that 对比： but, yet, however although, though, on the one hand, on the other hand 3. Con clusi on: 3.1 Logical word: All in all, in a summary, i n con clusi on 3.2 Paraphrase MP although; despite the fact tha t; despite. Example: Although/despite the fact that it gives

10、 rise to problems and challenges, A brings greater ben efits. Despite some problems and challenges, A brings greater ben efits. Example 144 A+- MP I believe the an swer is yes and no. scores are mixed bless in gs. On the one hand A+ on the one hand, scores en couragesstude ntstc ) study harder. A+1.

11、 A+2 On the other hand A- on the other hand, scores can have n egative con seque nces. A-1 A- 2 Example 74 Hook Imp + contro Bridge 设问 A- MP I agree with this opi nion. A-1 Harms health A-2 Impacts lear ning A-3 Leads to rises in crimes Con A+ MP I disagree with this opi nio n. A+1 Dissemi nate in t

12、er A+2 Enhance lear ning A+3 Improve frie ndship Con A-A+ M P Basically (Essentially) , I agree with this opinion. Although it offerssome ben efits, televisi on has far more n egative impacts. A-1 A-2 A+1 A+- MP I believe televisi on is mixed blessi on. a On the one hand, A+ On the one hand, A- Case

13、 by case MP Mysta neeshouldbe determined on a case by case basis. Educati onalprograms promote the developme nt of adolesce nts. Casel Discovery seriesscie ntific facts and theories Case2 Family albumIan guage lear ning In appropriateor in dece nt programshaveharmful effects. Case1 Smoking scene har

14、m health Case2 Sex and viole nee content commit Con 1.2AB型：两个不同的事物选择 Example 78 A-outdoor; B-i ndoor A(1) MP I believe outdoor activities are superior. A+1 Enjoy a congenial en viro nment. A+2 Have more physical activities. A+3 Exciting and thrilling. (bungee jump ing) Con A(2) MP A+1 A+2 B-1 Un der

15、m ine health. A MP Although in door activities have their merits, I believe outdoor activists are superior because they have greater ben efits. A+1 A+2 B+1 B MP In door activities are better choices. B+1 Convenient B+2 Comfortable B+3 Safe Con B(2) MP In door activities B+1 B+2 A-1 Dan gerous Con B(

16、3) MP Althoughoutdoor activities have their merits, I believe in door activists are superior because they have greater ben efits. 9乙 gs ssniAipe snojs6uep o; pspeje sje 3|do3d Xq/v suosbsj 33jq)X|uibiju sje 3J3q)SAdipq | dl/l 乙初 sidijuexa :孫乙 乙 sseg lsseo siqejspjd sjessniAipeo opu! ssseoe屮o Xueuu u

17、i Jsasmoh 乙 sseg lsseo ssoioqoeqeq sjb ssniAipe oopnossseo Xueuuu| siseq sseo Xq sseo e uo psuiitudp eq pinoqs uoijssnb ;eq; o;s/vsue eq丄 dl/l sseo Aq 9SB9 UOQ V 乙+日 Sp2 Sp3 Example 43 MP I can learn three aspects of a country from watching its movies. Sp1 Lear n about the lives of famous people. Sp

18、2 Importa nt historical eve nts. Sp3 Delicious food. 1.4Compound型：分解成A+-/AB 型题 目来做 Example 06-10-28 ren ewable resources of energy will soon replace the old resources of fossil fuels. MP I believe fossil fuels will be replaced by ren ewable en ergy eve ntually but not soon. A+ Cheaper clea ner B- Ex

19、pe nsive polluti on A- Un reliable Con Example 07-12-01 people should not have to pay for public tran sportatio n. MP I believe the an swer is qualified yes. A+1 Reduce polluti on A+2 Reduce con gesti on A+3 Save money for reside nts A-1 Impose financialburden on city authorities B Other effectiveop

20、inions lower ctiarges 2. Brai nstorm Sps Convincing Rbquireme nt Developable 3 sub points Way 1: Bias ( 有倾向性的观点) (Convincing, Developable) Facts Way2: Segme ntati on (Developable, 3Sps) Way3: Con creti on Abstract Way4: Two-side MP On e-side Example 17 MP The an swer is no. A-1 Judgi ng by looks lea

21、ds to terriblemistakesabouta pers on s content. A-2 Judgingby looks is equal to discrim in ati on. Example 43 见上 Example 115 A+1 Teach their elders how to use a computer/ skater. Example 114 A+1 Novels give more freedom for imagi nati on. A+2 Novels are more convenient to read. A+3 Novels are cheape

22、r. Example 56 Sp1 Relieve lonen ess. Sp2 Achieve difficult tasks. Sp3 Con tribute to democracy. Sp4 Make mon ey. Example171 A+1 In some cases dress dose reflect taste and personality. 3. Uni versal sub-poi nt (常用观点) 3.1 Cheap: 1) Econ omical 2) Cost less /save I money 3) Relieve finan cial burde n E

23、xpe nsive: 1) Cost a lot 2) Impose finan cial burde n 附： Direct costs In direct costs (traveli ng costs)(间接费用) 一次性投入少也有可能 expe nsive: 1) Lon g-term cost (mai ntenance costs)( 供车) 2) External costs (polluti on) 一次性投入多也有可能Cheap: 1) produce finan cial gains (增值) 2) Con tribute to econ omy 3) Provide jo

24、b opportunities (提供就业机会) 厂 3.2 Time sav ing: -1)Fast, expediti ons Time con sum ing: 1) Be a waste of time 3.3 Safe: 1) Reduce the risk of sufferi ng. From physicalin juries accide nts, crime, or finan cial, losses. Dan gerous/risky: 1) Heighte n the risks of sufferi ng From physicalin juries accide

25、 nts, crime, or finan cial, losses. 厂3.4 Convenien t (1): 1) Be convenient to I use beused any where at any time not n eed for special equipme nt. Inconvenient: 3.5 Convenient (2): 1) Be convenient to a live provide easy access to tran sportati onmeans and facilities. Inconvenient 3.6 f Healthy: 1)P

26、rovide sbwith opport un itiesto en gagein physical activities. 2) Promote the physical healthy anddevelopme ntof adolesce nts. 3) Reduce the risks of various diseases. Un healthy: (highblood pressure 高血压;obesity 发胖） 1) Decrease physical activities and make lifein creas in gly sedentaryunder mine. (t

27、ype 2 diabetes 糖尿 病） 2) Heighte n the risk of various diseases. 3.7 Healthy ( 心理)： 1) Reduce excessive 匚emoti onal(me ntal, acatiemic) stress and help people to relax. Un healthy: 1) Create excessive stress. 2) Lead to n egative men taland physical state(stressed, an xious,depressed fatigued). 勺.8 H

28、ealthy: 1) Hygienic(卫生) 2) Be free of bacterium. 3) Reduce the risks ofcon tract ing diseases. Un healthy: 1) Be polluted with bacterium heighte n the risks ofcon tract ing diseases. 3.9 Enhance lear ning (1): 1) Make the learning process more efficie nt and in teresti ng. Enhance lear ning (2): 1)Improve 3.11 3.11 3.12 育) 3.12 育) concen trati on and boost efficie ncy. 2) Impede lear ning 3) Distract P