高中英语复合句知识讲解与训练

1、高中英语复合句知识讲解与训练一、名词性从句要点精讲与训练高考重点要求1掌握主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句的基本句型结构。2弄清名词性从句的连词意义，掌握其用法。3根据句子语义确定使用何种从属连词。名词从句分为：主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句。了解一下它们的属性。 如：从句 that they failed the entrance examination在下列4句中做什么成分. 1)_made all of their parents surprised. 2)they told their parents _. 3)the result is _. 4)the news

2、_surprised their parents.下列四个句子中均可填入that they failed the entrance examination这个从句，都成立。从上例不难看出，从本质上讲，这四类句子的属性是相同的，即：都起名词作用，只不过称谓不同,在整个句子中担当成分不同而已。纵观历年高考名词从句试题，我们不难发现对复合句的考查重在连词，名词从句也不例外，基本上是针对引导词设题。引导词的分类：1连接代词：what , who ,whom ,whose , which ，whatever, whoever, whichever且这些词在从句中担当主、宾、表、定语作用。2连接副词：wh

3、y, when , where, how 在从句中充当时间、地点、原因、方式、程度状语。whether , if 在从句中不充当成分，但整个句式中不可缺少，用以体现事件的不确定性。3that 是名词从句中一个很活跃的词，但它只起连接作用，陈述某一事实，引导宾语从句时某些情况可以省略。针对如下情况，可进行对比： 1)_he will come to call on is uncertain . 2)_he will come to call on us is uncertain. 3)_ he will come to call on us makes us unhappy.从第一句中我们可以看

4、出主语从句本身并不完整，缺少call on 的宾语，应加who;第二句中表语为uncertain ,可知主语部分为未知信息，可加入when, why ,how ,whether 等;第三句表一种已知事实，应加入that 。二that ,whether, if 在名词从句中的使用情况1that 在宾从中大多数情况下可以省略，在主、宾、表中不可省去。 但注意以下宾从中that 不可省。 i know nothing of him except that he is from henan.(介词后宾从中的that不可省)whether ,if 宾语从句中可换用，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不

5、可用if。但注意在宾语从句中不能用if 的情况：it all depends on whether they will support us. (从句作介词宾语时不可用if) he doesnt know whether to stay or not. （后直接跟不定式时，不能用if） please let me know if you like it.(这句是有双重意思的，如果视为宾语从句，就应换为whether.否则就引起歧义。三从句的区分1)he tells me his idea _we reduce the cost .2)we are discussing the idea_he

6、came up with yesterday.第一句中we reduce the cost 应视为是idea 内容的一种说明，是同位语从句，而第二句中idea 可视为come up with 的宾语，缺少引导定从的关系代词that 或which ,当然可以省去关系代词。四分类复习中应注意的问题：1.在主语从句中it 的使用that he will come to the party is certain。表意上并没有错误，但实际上并不太符合用语习惯，因此采用it 作形式主语，使句式平衡。it is certain that he will come to the party.同样道理，it 也

7、可用作形式宾语。2宾语从句中的情况1）时态的呼应问题。2）特殊句式：动词suggest, insist, demand, order ,request, require等引起的从句需用虚拟句式主语+should +原形动词,should也可省。he suggested that we should pay a visit to that town.(建议)但注意：what he said suggested that he had known the truth.(表明)同样，insisthe insisted that we do it at once.(坚持要做)he insisted t

8、hat he had done nothing wrong.(坚持说一种事实)wish 引起从句时从句中时态常转为过去时态。i wish that there were no examinations in school.how he wishes he had worked hard in junior middle school!3. whatever与no matter whatit is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wantsawhatever bno matter whatcwhenever dno

9、matter when此题应选a。容易误选b。选项c，d显然是错的，因为句中的wants缺宾语，而c，d两项不能作宾语。至于c，d的区别，可这样描述：no matter what只能引导状语从句，而不引导名词性从句。而whatever既可引导名词性从句（anything that），也可引导状语从句（no matter what）：1引导名词性从句（只用whatever）：无论他做什么都是对的。正：whatever he did was right误：no matter what he did was right山羊找到什么就吃什么。正：goats eat whatever they find

10、误：goats eat no matter what they find2引导状语从句（两者可换用）：无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。正：whatever you say，i wont believe you正：no matter what you say，i wont believe you无论发生什么，都要保持镇定。正：keep calm，whatever happens正：keep calm，no matter what happens4. 如何区分引导名词性从句的what, thati think _ he needs is more practiceyes _ he needs mor

11、e practice is clearawhat，what bthat，thatcwhat，that dthat， what此题应选c。其余三项均可能被误选。what和that都可以引导名词性从句，但有区别：1what引导名词从句时，它在从句中要充当句子成分（主语、宾语等），而that引导名词从句时，它在从句中不能充当句子成分。2what引导名词从句时，它有词义（表示：什么；所的东西）；而that引导名词从句时，它没有词义。请做以下试题，注意区别what和that：1 _ you said is different from the thing _ he told us awhat，what

12、bthat，that cwhat，that dthat，what2i think he said is true but dont forget the fact _ he is a cheat awhat，what bthat，that cwhat，that dthat，what3 _ surprised us most is _ he spoke english so well awhat，what bthat，that cwhat，that dthat，what答案：1c 2c 3c5.引导名词从句的whether与that _ well go camping tomorrow depe

13、nps on the weatheraif bwhether cthat dwhen此题应选b。容易误选a，c。1关于if与whether：两者都可引导宾语从句，常可换用；但若引导主语从句，则用whether（不用if），排除a。又如：他是否会来还是个问题。误：if he will come is a question正：whether he will come is a question2关于whether和that：两者都可引导主语从句，其区别主要应从句意来考虑：whether表示“是否”，由它引导的主语从句的意思通常是不确定的；that引导主语从句时，本身没有词义（that 在其它名词性

14、从句中也没有词义），但是由that引导的整个主语从句的意思通常是确定的。试比较：1athat well hold a meeting is decided我们要召开一次会议，这已决定了。 bwhether well hold a meeting is not decided我们是否要开一个会，这还没有决定。2athat he has left here is clear他已离开了这儿，这点很清楚。 bwhether he has left here is not clear他是否已离开这儿，这还不清楚。3athat he can finish it in two hours is clear

15、bwhether he can finish it in two hours is a question6.引导名词性从句的what _ he said at the meeting astonished everyone presentawhat bthe cif dwhether此题应选a。选项c（if）显然不能选，因为if通常不能引导主语从句；选项b（that）和d（whether）虽然都可以引导主语从句，但两者除了意思不合题意外，还有它们在主语从句中都不充当句子成分，而此句中的he said缺宾语。在名词性从句中，what根据情况不同，可能有两方面的用法和意思：1用作连接代词，表示“什

16、么”（由疑问词变来）：i dont know what he gave her我不知道他给了她什么。what he will say at the meeting is not known to us他在会上将说些什么，我们还不知道。2表示“所的（东西）”，在结构上相当于一个名词加一个定语从句（所以有人称这样用的what为关系代词型的what）：把你买的东西拿给我看。show me what you boughtshow me the thing that you bought这是他想要的东西。this is what he wantsthis is the thing that he wan

17、ts我们需要的是钱。what we need is moneythe thing that we need is money高考题选1. these photographs will show you . (met89)a. what does our village look like b. what our village looks like c. how does our village look like d. bow our village looks like2. can you make sure the gold ring? (met90)a. where mice had

18、put b. where had mice putc. where alice has put d. where has alice put3. its a fine day. lets go fishing, _ _? (met90)a. won t we b. will we c. don t we d. shall we4. don t smoke in the meeting-room, ? (met91)a. do you b. will you c. can you d. could you5. -do you know jim quarrelled with his brothe

19、r? (met91)-i dont know .a. nor dont i care b. nor do i carec.i dont care neither d.i dont care also6. on saturday afternoon, mrs. green went to the market, some bananas and visited her cousin. (met91)a. bought b. buying c. to buy d. buy7. no one will be sure in a million years. (met91)a. what will m

20、an look like b. what man will look likec. man will look like what d. what look will man like8. he asked for the violin. (nmet92)a. did i pay how much b. i paid how muchc. how much did i pay d. how much i paid9. be sure to write to us, ? (nmet93)a. will you b. arent you c. can you d. mustnt you10. it

21、 with me and ill see what i can do. (nmet98)a. when left b. leaving c. if you leave d. leave11. youve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. (nmet99 )a. now that b. after c. although d. as soon as12. -i drove to zhuhai for the air show last week. (nmet99) -is that you had a few days of

22、f?a. why b. when c. what d. where13. you should make it a rule to leave things you can find them again. (nmet99)a. when b. where c. then d. there14. carol said the work would be done by october, personally i doubt very much. (nmet99 )a. it b. that c. when d. which15. well have to finish the job, . (

23、nmet99)a. long it takes however b. it takes however longc. long however it takes d. however long it takes16. dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, , of course, made the others unhappy. (nmet2000)a. who b. which c. this d. what17. the wto cannot live up to its name it does not i

24、nclude a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. (nmet2000)a. as long as b. while c. if d. even though18. john said hed been working in the office for an hour, was true. (2001 春招)a. he b. this c. which d. who19. i read about it in some book or other, does it matter it was? (2001 春招)a. where b.

25、 what c. how d. which20. at the door before entering please. (2001 春招)a. knocked b. to knock c. knocking d. knock21 .the film brought the hours back to me i was taken good care of in that faraway village. (nmet2001 )a. until b. that c. when d. where22. a computer can only do you have instructed it t

26、o do.a. how b. after c. what d. when23. is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. (nmet2001 )a. it b. as c. that d. what24.-i think its going to be a big problem.（2002年春考）-yes, it could be.-i wonder _we can do about it.a. if b. how c. what d. that25. the famous basket

27、ball star, _tried to make a comeback, attacked a lot of attention. （2002年春考）a. where b. when c. which d. who强化练习1. its no longer a question now _ _ man can land on the moon.a. that b. if c. whether d. what2. he said at the meeting astonished everyone at present.a. what b. that c. the fact d. the mat

28、ter3. in front of remained of my old house, i took some pictures, which called up my childhood.a. which b. the place c. where d. what4. you can go to college this year depends on you are studying hard now.a. that, that b. whether, whether c. if, if d. whether, if5. has recently been done to provide

29、more buses for the people, a shortage of public vehicles(车辆)remains a serious problem.a. that b. what c. though what d. in spite of what6. ill tell you he expects will win such and such a match.a. who b. whom c. what d. that7. i didnt quite follow you. what was you just said about the place?a. that

30、b. which c. how d. where8. maria has to baby-sit. thats she can t come out with us.a. when b. how c. why d. what9. after seemed a very long time, the badly-wounded soldier came back to life.a. that b. it c. which d. what10. she was chosen monitor made him excited.a. what b. that c. if d. whether11.

31、i dont think jenny can come home this weekend.a. how b. why c. that d. when12. when i try to find that prevents so many people from taking part in the program, it seems to me that there are two mean causes.a. what it does b. what it is c. why it does d. why it is13. you should stick to you have begu

32、n until you succeed.a. which b. that c. whatever d. no matter what14. someone is ringing the doorbell. go and see .a. who is he b. who he is c. who is it d. who it is15. is important to a person is he must know what he is fit for.a. it, what b. that, what c. it, that d. what, that16. mr. smith was s

33、oon told he found was not important to them all.a. that why b. why that c. what why d. why what17. is mary told you to do when she left it?a. what that b. this what c. what d. what which18. she wants to know if it is at 800 miles an hour the newest plane can go.a. that b. which c. when d. where19. t

34、he smiths will come or not is she is worrying about.a. what, that b. if, that c. whether, what d. how, what20. it was with great courage the boy told the truth he had stolen the money.a. which, that b. when, what c. as, that d. that, that21. do you know _ the peasants make of the fallen fruit?a. wha

35、t use b. what way c. how d. why22. it was a matter of would take the position.a. whom. b. whoever c. who d. whomever23. it was my father. worked i work now.a. where, that b. wherever, wherec. that, where d. that, that24. he wrote a letter of thanks to had helped us.a. who b. whom c. whoever d. whome

36、ver25. it was at the beginning mr. fox made the decision we should send more firefighters there.a. when, which b. where, whatc. then, so d. that, that26. i had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. i got wet through.a. its the reason b. thats why c. its how d. theres why27. is it has made peter he is

37、today?a. what, that, thatb. that, that, whatc. what, what, that d. what, that, what28. to all that taiwan is the largest island in china.a. as is known b. as we know c. it is known d. what is known29. is known to all is that the earth is smaller than the sun.a. what b. as , c. it d. which30. would l

38、ike to devote his whole life to his country should go _ there are all kinds of difficulties.a. who, somewhere b. whoever, wherec. whatever, anywhere d. who, there答案解析:1b 如把d项中的like去掉也对。2c make sure可引导宾语从句，故用陈述语序。主句中的时态可暗示宾语从句应用现在完成时。表示过去的动作与现在有联系。3d 4b 5b 6a 7b8d 宾语从句中用陈述语序。9a10d 该题考查祈使语气的句型结构。“祈使句+

39、and+陈述句”是一个固定的句型。在这个句型中，前边的祈使句表示一个肯定的条件，答案为d。11a b项与c项引导的时间状语从句，不合题意；c项意为“即使”，不合题意；a项意为“既然”。所以选a。12a why引导的表语从句中，why做原因状语。13b where引导地点状语从句。其他三项不合题意。14d which引导非限制性定语从句。让不可引导从句；that不可引导非限制性定语从句；when不合题意，which指代前面这件事。15d 句意为：“无论需要多久，我们必须完成这项工作”，引导的为让步状语从句。16b which引导非限制性定语从句，which指上句的内容。however这里相当于n

40、o matter how。17c if引导条件状语从句。18c which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代前面这件事。19d which引导真正的主语从句，意为“哪一本书”。20d 祈使句21c 分隔定语从句，先行词为the film22c 宾语从句，what既引导宾语从句又作do的宾语。23b as引导非限制性定语从句。24c 题中i wonder 后的宾语从句中缺少宾语,而能担此任的只能是what。25。keys: 1. a 2. a 3. d 4. b 5. d 6. a 7. a 8. c 9. d 10. b 11.c 12. b 13. c 14. d 15. d 16. d

41、17. b 18. a 19. c 20. d21. a 22. c 23. a 24. c 25. d 26. b 27. d 28. c 29. a 30. b二、定语从句要点精讲与训练定语从句是高考的频现点。复习中应系统的掌握。1关系词的使用复合句是由一个句子或几个从句所构成的句子。从句只能作句子的一个成分，不能独立。定语从句也是这样。2. 引起定语从句的关系词列表：限制性定语从句（修饰人） 作主语用who that 作宾语用who ,that, whom 作定语用whose既有人，又有物用that（修饰物）作主语或宾语用which, that 作定语用whose只能用that 的情况1

42、 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰2 先行词被all，every，each，any，few， little， no 等词修饰时3 先行词是不定代词：all，little，few， anything， nothing 等词修饰时4 先行词被the only, the very 等词修饰时先行词既有人又有物介词后只能指whom 表人，which 表物当时间名词代入定语从句中作时间状语时，关系词用when，或用介词+which当地点名词代入定语从句中作地点状语时，关系词用where，或用介词+which当reason代入定语从句中作原因状语时，关系词用why,或用for+which非限制性定语从句

43、修饰人，用who，whom或whose修饰物，用which而不用that，有时可用as。3. 不要在定语从句中使用与关系代词同义的人称代词this is the book that i have read _ dozens of timesbut i have never read _ ait， b，it cit，it d，此题应选b。容易误选c。本题第二句填代词it，这容易理解。而第一句不能填it，则是考生很容易忽视的。显然第一句中的that i have read dozens of times是修饰the book的定语从句，此句中的动词read不能再接用it作宾语，因为它已有宾语tha

44、t (也可省略)。在做有关定语从句的试题时，考生千万不要在定语从句中重复使用与关系词(或先行词)指代相同的人称代词：我们昨晚看的电影很精彩。误：the film we saw it last night was wonderful正：the film we saw last night was wonderful刚才同你讲话的那个人是谁？误：whos the man you just talked to him？正：whos the man you just talked to？你昨天借给我的书很有趣。误：the book you lent it me yesterday was very i

45、nteresting正：the book you lent me yesterday was very interesting他就是去年死了妻子的那个人。误：he is the man whose his wife died last year正：he is the man whose wife died last year4. 带有插入语的定语从句中who和whom的选用关系代词who/whom引导的定语从句，担任主语成分时用主格who，担任宾语成分用宾格whom ，这点很简单，但有时它们引导的定语从句带有插入语，而该插入语后也不用逗号隔开，因此不易区分它是定语从句中的插入语或是定语从句中的

46、主谓结构；这时就产生用主格who 还是宾格whom这一困难。如：jason is a man who i believe is honest.在定语从句who i believe is honest中，i believe是插入语，去掉该插入语剩下的便是jason is a man who is honest，在语法及句意上都能成立，who是定语从句中动词is的主语 ，故用主格，不能用whom。jason is a man whom i believe (to be)honest.在定语从句whom i believe(to be)honest中，如把i believe当作插入语而予以删掉的话，

47、剩下的句子结构便成为jason is a man whom(to be)honest，显然不合语法，因而i believe不是插入语，而是定语从句中的主谓结构，whom作believe的宾语，故不能用主格形式who, (to be)honest是whom的宾语补语。5. 是定语从句还是强调句型？1it was in this house _he was born2it was this house _he was born3it was in the house _he used to live that the exhibition was heldawhere bthat cwhich d

48、there1选b项，2、3 选a 项。强调句中强调的是地点状语，表示地点的名词前一定有个介词。且为强调句时，去掉it was that，调整后句子仍然成立，此时是强调句，故用that。否则为定语从句，则用where。6. 是用the one 还是用that/which, where1is this school_you study in ?2is this the school _you study in ?3is this the school _you study ?4is this school _you study ?5is this school _is a senior one ?

49、athat/which bwhere cthe one dthe one where ethe one that/which1选c 项或e 项，2 选a项，3选b 项，4 选d项，5 选e项。遇到这类句子，先将其变成肯定句，再看主句是否缺少表语。若缺表语，则必须用the one 的形式，接着再看the one 在从句中作什么成分，若作状语，则必须用the one where，若作主语或宾语时，则用the one (that /which)。7. 是用when 还是用that, which1may 1 is the day _ill never forget2may 1 is the day_w

50、e spent together3may 1 is the day _i joined the armyathat /which bwhen 1题和2题选a项，3题选b项。当先行词是表示时间的名词时，关键是看它在从句中所作的成分。若作时间状语是时，用when，若作主语或宾语时，就用that /which。8. 要分清是定语从句还是其它从句is this room _ he lived in last year？is this the room _ he lived in last year？athat，that bthe one，the one cthat，the one dthe one，that此题应选d。容易误选a。为了便于分析，我们先将以上两句还原成陈述句(注意is的位置)：1)this room is _ he lived in last year2)this is the room _ he lived in last year第1)句填the one，用作表语，其后的(that)he lived in last year是用以修饰the one的定语从句。此句若直接填that，则不是定语从句(因为没有先行词)，而是表语从句。但是由于引导表语从句的that不能充当句子成分，而其后的介