as与whether让步状语从句和虚拟语气

1、as与whether让步状语从句和虚拟语气让步状语从句一、whther连接词 conj. 1. (引导名词从句)是否Ask him whether he can come or not. 问问他是否能来。 I dont know whether you like flowers, sir. 先生,我不知道您是否喜欢花。 2. (与or连用,引导状语从句)不管是.(或是)Well go on with the work, whether we can find the necessary tools or not. 不管我们能否找到所需的工具,我们要把这件工作做下去。 代词 pron. 1. 【

2、古】(两个中的)哪一个,任一个二、asAs引导让步状语从句倒装的用法为了帮助同学们全面掌握让步状语从句的倒装用法，本文将这类语法现象归纳为以下五种句型： 一、名词 + as / though + 主语 + 动词 King as he was，he was unhappy. 他虽是国王，但他并不幸福。 Child as he is，he knows to help other. 他虽是个孩子，却知道帮助别人。 【说明】其中的动词通常为连系动词，也就是说位于句首的名词是其后连系动词的表语。另外，要特别注意位于句首的名词前习惯上不用冠词，即使其前有形容词修饰也不用冠词。比较： Boy as thou

3、gh he is， he likes to play with girls.=Though he is a boy，he likes to play with girls. 他虽是男孩，却喜欢与女孩子玩。 Strong man as though he is，General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few weeks.= Though he is a strong man， General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few

4、 weeks. 波赛将军虽然坚强，但在过去的数周里也受到了严峻的考验。 二、形容词 + as / though + 主语 + 动词 Successful as he is，he is not proud. 他虽然成功，但不骄傲。 Improbable as it seems，its true. 虽然看起来不太可能，但却是真的。 Stupid as it sounds，I was so in love with her that I believed her. 尽管听起来很愚蠢，我是如此爱她竟然相信了她的话。 Patient as he was，he didnt like waiting tha

5、t long. 他虽说有耐心，也不愿等这么长。 Beautiful though the necklace was，we thought it was over-priced. 那条项链虽然很漂亮，我们认为价钱太高。 【说明】其中的动词也通常为连系动词，也就是说位于句首的形容词是其后连系动词的表语。 三、副词 + as / though + 主语 + 动词 Much as I like Paris，I couldnt live there. 尽管我喜欢巴黎，但我不能住在那里。 Hard though they tried，they couldnt make her change her min

6、d. 尽管他们做了很大努力，却没法让她改变主意。 Fast as you read， you cant finish the book in two days. 尽管你读得很快，你总不能在两天之内就读完这本书。 He was unable to make much progress，hard as he tried. 尽管他做了努力，却未能取得很大进步。 【说明】有的词典将 much as 作为习语看待，认为它是一个用以引导让步状语从句的复合连词。再如： Much as I admire him as a writer，I do not like him as a man. 他作为一名作家我很

7、佩服他，但我却不喜欢他这个人。 Much as I like you，I couldnt live with you. 我尽管很喜欢你，却不能和你在一起生活。 四、动词原形 + as / though + 主语 + 动词 Object as you may，Ill go.纵使你反对，我也要去。 Try as he might，he couldnt solve the problem. 尽管他想方设法，却未解决这个问题。 Search as they would，they would find nobody in the house. 无论怎样搜查，他们在房子里仍然没有找到一个人。 Dislik

8、e him as we may，we must acknowledge his greatness. 尽管我们不喜欢他，但必须承认他的伟大。 Lose money as I did，we got a lot of experience. 钱虽然丢了，我们却得到了许多经验。 Fail in the election as he did，he became famous for his fiery speech against slavery. 尽管落选了，但他却以其反对奴隶制的激烈演说而出了名。 【说明】主语后的动词通常为 may，might，would，did 等情态动词或助动词(若表示情态意

9、义，则选用情态动词；若陈述事实，则用 did，do 等助动词)。 五、分词 + as / though + 主语 + 动词 Raining hard as it is， Im going out for a walk. 虽然正在下着大雨，我还是要出去散步。 Surrounded as we were by the enemy，we managed to march forward. 虽然我们被敌人包围着，但我们还是设法前进了。 Munching the apple as he was，he had got an eye for all Johns movements. 他尽管在一个劲地嚼着苹果

10、，但仍警惕着约翰的一举一动。 【三条补充说明】 1.这类倒装的让步状语从句可用 as， though 来引导，不能用 although 来引导；但是，未倒装的让步状语从句却可用 though， although 来引导，而不能用 as 来引导。也就是说， although 引导让步状语从句时不能倒装，as 引导让步状语从句时必须倒装，而 though 引导让步状语从句时可以倒装也可以不倒装。如： 虽然很晚了，但我们还是继续工作。 正：Late as though it was，we still went on working. 正：Though it was late，we still wen

11、t on working. 误：Late although it was，we still went on working . 误：As it was late，we still went on working. 2. 上面提到的倒装结构有时也可用来表示原因，区别的办法主要看句子的内容：让步从句的内容大多数与主句在意义上相反，而原因从句则与主句之间有因果关系。比较： Tired as he was，he sat up late studying at night. 昨晚他虽然很疲倦了，但还是学习到很晚才睡。(表让步) Tired as he was，he went to bed early.

12、因为很累，所以他睡得很早。(表原因) Young as he was，he was equal to the task. 他虽年轻，却能胜任这项工作。(表让步) Young as he was，he was not equal to the task. 他因为年轻，所以不能胜任这项工作。(表原因) 3. 在美国英语中，人们通常用 as.as 引导让步状语从句。如： Cold as it was， we went out.=As cold as it was， we went out. 尽管天气冷，我们还是出去了。 Successful as he is， he is not proud.=As

13、 successful as he is， he is not proud. 他虽成功了，但不骄傲。 三、虚拟语气could have done 本可以做（而实际上没做）/本能够做（而实际上没做） would have done 本来会做 might have done 本来可能/本来应该或可以做（含轻微的责备语气） should have done 本该做（而没做）（带责备语气）一、与现在事实相反若与现在事实相反，虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如：If you took a taxi，

14、youd get there quicker. 如果你坐出租车去，你可以快一点到那里。(但你不坐)If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。(可惜我不知道)二、与过去事实相反若与过去事实相反，虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”。如：If Id left sooner，Id have been on time. 要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了)If we had found him

15、 earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。(可惜我们找到他太晚了)三、与将来事实相反若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如：If he went，would you go too? 如果他去，你也去吗?(大概他不会去)If I asked him，Im sure hed help us. 如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做) 注意与说明：对于与将来事实相反的情形，请注意以下几点：一是这里说的与将来事实相反，实为对将来情况的推测；二是此用法中的条件从句谓语除用过去式外，有时也用“should+动词原形”(表示可能性极小，常译为“万