最新度全国职称英语等级考试理工类(b级)真题及答案

1、精品文档2009年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类（b级）真题及答案人事考试教育网整理第1部分：词汇选项（第115题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1wouldyoupleasecallmyhusbandassoonaspossible？avisitbphonecconsultdinvite2wehadalongconversationaboutherparents.aspeechbquestionctalkddebate3thechairmanproposedthatwestopthemeeting.astatedbann

2、ouncedcdemandeddsuggested4obviouslythesepeoplecanbereliedoninacrisis.alivedonbdependedoncbelievedindjoinedin5thereisalwaysexcitementattheolympicgameswhenanathletebreaksarecord.abeatsbmaintainscmatchesdtries6allthepupilsseemtobeverycheerful.ahappybhealthycnaughtydbusy7thetraditionalpaintingsareexhibi

3、tedonthesecondfloor.alaidbdisplayedckeptdstored8shestoodthere，shakingwithfury.精品文档精品文档amiseryblaughtercangerdcry9maryevidentlyisthemostdiligentstudentamongusaintelligentbbeautifulctalkativedhardworking10persistentattemptstointerviewgarbowerefruitless.aforcefulbreasonableccontinuousdfirm11whycantyous

4、topyoureternalcomplaining？aeverlastingblongctemporarydboring12hundredsofbuildingswerewreckedbytheearthquake.ashakenbdamagedcfallendjumped13thesepaintingsareconsideredbymanytobeauthentic.afaithfulbroyalcgenuinedsincere14manyeconomistshavegivenintothefatallureofmathematics.aattractionbsimplicitycpower

5、drigor15tenyearsaftertheevent，herdeathstillremainsapuzzleamistbfogcmysterydsecret第2部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择a；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择b；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择c.radiocarbondating精品文档精品文档nowadaysscientistscananswermanyquestionsaboutthepastthroughatechniquecalledradioc

6、arbon（放射性碳），orcarbon-14，dating.onekeytounderstandinghowandbysomethinghappenedistodiscoverwhenithappened.radiocarbondatingwasdevelopedinthelate1940sbyphysicistwillardf.libbyatheuniversityofchicago.anatomofordinarycarbon，calledcarbon-12，hassixprotons（中子）andsixneutrons（质子）initsnucleus.carbon-14，orc-14，

7、isaradioactive，unstableformofcarbonthathastwoextraneutrons（原子核）。itreturnstoamorestableformofcarbonthroughaprocesscalleddecay（衰减）。thisprocessinvolvesthelossofheextraneutronsandenergyfromthenucleus.inlibbysradiocarbondatingtechnique，theweakradioactiveemissions（放射）fromhisdecayprocessarecountedbyinstrum

8、entssuchasaradiationdetectorandcounter.hedecayrateisusedtodeterminetheproportionofc-14atomsinthesamplebeingdated.carbon-14isproducedintheearthsatmospherewhennitrogen（氮）-14，orn-14，interactswithcosmicrays（宇宙射线）。scientistsbelievesincetheearthwasformed，themountofnitrogenintheatmospherehasremainedconstan

9、t.consequently，c-14formationisthoughttooccurataconstantrate.nowtheratioofc-14toothercarbontomsintheatmosphereisknown.mostscientistsagreethatthisratioisusefulfordatingitemsbacktoatleast50，000years.alllifeonearthismadeoforganicmolecules（分子）thatcontaincarbonatomscomingfromtheatmosphere.soalllivingthing

10、shaveaboutthesameratioofc-14atomstoothercarbonatomsintheirtissues（组织）。onceanorganism（有机体）diesittopstakingincarboninanyform，andthec-14alreadypresentbeginstodecay.overtimetheamountofc-14inthematerialdecreases，andtheratioofc-14toothercarbontomsgoesdown.intermsofradiocarbondating，thefewerc-14atomsinasam

11、ple，theolderthatsampleis.16nowadaysmanyscientistsdependonradiocarbonfordatingage-oldobjectsarightbwrongcnotmentioned17theradiocarbondatingtechniqueisonlyabout40yearsoldarightbwrongcnotmentioned18anatomofordinarycarbonhassixprotonsandeightneutronsarightbwrongcnotmentioned19radarisusedtodeterminethech

12、aracteristicsofradiocarbonarightbwrongcnotmentioned20radiocarbonisreliableindatinganobjectbacktoatleast50，000years.精品文档精品文档arightbwrongcnotmentioned21thec-14inanorganismbeginstodecaywhenitdiesarightbwrongcnotmentioned22thehalf-lifeofc-14isabout25，000years.arightbwrongcnotmentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第233

13、0题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第14段每段1选择个最佳标题；（2）第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。chimpanzees1chimpanzees（黑猩猩）willsoonbeextinct（灭绝）。ifthepresentrateofhuntingandhabitat（栖息地）destructioncontinues，thenwithin20years，therewillbenochimpanzeeslivinginthewild.butthisismorethananenvironmentalorm

14、oraltragedy（悲剧）。chimpanzeeextinctionmayalsohaveprofoundimplications（含意）forthesurvivaloftheirdistantrelatives-humanbeings.2in1975thebiologistmarie-clairekingandallanwilsondiscoveredthatthehumanandchimpanzeegenomes（基因组）matchbyover98%.comparethistothemouse，usedasmodelforhumandiseaseinlabtests，whichshar

15、esonly60%ofitsdnawithus.infact，chimpanzeesarefarmoresimilartohumansthantheyaretoanyotherspeciesofmonkey.aswellasresemblingusgenetically，chimpsarehighlyintelligentandabletousetools.thesefactsaloneshouldbeenoughtomakeprotectionofchimpsanurgentpriority（优先）。butthereisanother，moreselfishreasontopreservet

16、hechimp.3thechimpanzeestrumpcard（王牌）comesinthefieldofmedicalresearch.chimpanzeesaresosimilartohumansthatveterinarians（兽医）oftenrefertohumanmedicaltextbookswhentreatingthem.yetchimpanzeesdoshowdifferencesinseveralkeyareas.inparticular，chimpsaremuchmoreresistanttoanumberofmajordiseases.itisthisabilityt

17、hatissointeresting.4forexample，chimpsseemtoshowamuchhigherresistancethanhumanstohiv，thevirusthatcausesaids.indeed，theiruseasexperimentalanimalsinaidsresearchhasdeclinedbecausetheyaresoresistant.5bysequencingthechimpgenomeandpinpointing（找到）theplacewherethechimpanzeednasequencediffersfromthatofhumans，

18、scientistshopetobeabletodiscoverwhichpartofthegeneticcodegiveschimpstheirincreasedresistancetosomediseases.this，theyhope，willallowthemtodevelopnewandmoreeffectivetreatmentsforthehumanformsofthesediseases.suchtreatmentscouldincludetheproductionofnewdrugsoreventhealteration精品文档精品文档（改变）ofthehumangeneti

19、csequence.therecentlycompletedhumangenomesequencingprojecthasshownthatsuchaneffortisnowwellwithinourreach.23paragraph124paragraph225paragraph326paragraph4areasonsforhivresistancebimplicationsofchimpanzeeextinctionforhumansceffectiveaidstreatmentdgeneticsimilaritiesbetweenchimpsandhumansechimpsresist

20、ancetohivfgeneticdifferencesbetweenchimpsandhumans27chimpanzeeextinctionmayaffect28thereisadifferenceoflessthan2%betweenthechimpand29scientistssuspectthatgenes.playasignificantroleinprotectingchimpsfromgetting30thediscoveryofthegeneticcodeofchimpswillbehelpfultoasomehumandiseasetreatmentsbsomediseas

21、eschumansurvivaldhumangenomesekeyareasfhealthierlifestyle第4部分：阅读理解（第3145题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇waterthesecondmostimportantconstituent（构成成份）ofthebiosphere（生物圈）isliquidwater.thiscanonlyexistinaverynarrowrangeoftemperatures，sincewaterfreezesat0and精品文档精品文档boilsat100。lifeasw

22、eknowitwouldonlybepossibleonthesurfaceofaplanetwhichhadtemperaturessomewherewithinthisnarrowrange.theearthssupplyofwaterprobablyremainsfairlyconstantinquantity.thetotalquantityofwaterisnotknownveryaccurately，butitisaboutenoughtocoverthesurfaceoftheglobetoadepthofabouttwoandthree-quarterkilometers.mo

23、stofitisintheformofthesaltwateroftheoceans-about97percent.therestisfresh，butthree-quartersofthisisintheformoficeatthepolesandonmountains，andcannotbeusedbylivingsystemsuntilmelted.oftheremainingfractionalwhichissomewhatlessthanonepercentofthewhole，thereis10-20timesasmuchstoredundergroundwaterastherei

24、sactuallyonthesurface.thereisalsoatiny，butextremelyimportantfractionofthewatersupplywhichispresentaswatervaporintheatmosphere.watervaporintheatmosphereisthechannelthroughwhichthewholewatercirculation（循环）ofthebiospherehastopass.waterevaporated（蒸发）fromthesurfaceoftheoceans，fromlakesandriversandfrommoi

25、st（潮湿的）earthisaddedtoit.fromitthewatercomesoutagainasrainorsnow，fallingoneithertheseaortheland.thereis，asmightbeexpected，amoreintensiveevaporationperunitareaovertheseaandoceansthanovertheland，butthereismorerainfalloverthelandthanovertheoceans，andthebalanceisrestoredbytherunofffromthelandintheformofr

26、ivers.31liquidwateronlyexistsainthecenteroftheearth.bonthesurfaceofourplanet.cinaverynarrowrangeoftemperatures.dinthecoastalareasoftheearth.32thetotalquantityofwateroneartharemainsalmostunchanged.bhasgreatlyincreasedinrecentyears.cisdecreasingconstantly.disaffectedbyglobalwarming.33mostofthefreshwat

27、eronearthaisstoredunderground.bisintheformoficeatthepolesandonmountains.cisfoundinriversandlakes.精品文档精品文档dcomesfromtherain.34theword“fraction”inthesecondparagraphmeansaaverysmallamount.balargearea.canimportantsystem.damajorsourceofinformation35thereismoreofrainfallaoverthemountainsthanovertherivers.

28、bovertheriversthanoverthemountainscovertheoceansthanovertheland.doverthelandthanovertheoceans.第二篇mind-readingmachineateamofresearchersincaliforniahasdevelopedawaytopredictwhatkindsofobjectspeoplearelookingatbyscanning（扫描）whatshappeningintheirbrains.whenyoulookatsomething，youreyessendasignalaboutthat

29、objecttoyourbrain.differentregionsofthebrainprocesstheinformationyoureyessend.cellsinyourbraincalledneurons（神经元）areresponsibleforthisprocessing.thefmri（functionalmagneticresonanceimaging）（功能性磁振造影）brainscanscouldgenerallymatchelectricalactivityinthebraintothebasicshapeofapicturethatsomeonewaslookinga

30、t.likecellsanywhereelseinyourbody，activeneuronsuseoxygen.bloodbringsoxygentotheneurons，andthemoreactiveaneuronis，themoreoxygenitwillconsume.themoreactivearegionofthebrain，themoreactiveitsneurons，andinturn，themorebloodwilltraveltothatregion.andbyusingfmri，scientistscanvisualize（使显现）whichpartsofthebra

31、inreceivemoreoxygen-richblood-andtherefore，whichpartsareworkingtoprocessinformation.anfmrimachineisadevicethatscansthebrainandmeasureschangesinbloodflowtothebrain.thetechnologyshowsresearchershowbrainactivitychangeswhenapersonthinks，looksatsomething，orcarriesoutanactivitylikespeakingorreading.byhigh

32、lightingtheareasofthebrainatworkwhenapersonlooksatdifferentimages，fmrimayhelpscientistsdeterminespecificpatternsofbrainactivityassociatedwithdifferentkindsofimages.精品文档精品文档thecaliforniaresearcherstestedbrainactivitybyhavingtwovolunteersviewhundredsofpicturesofeverydayobjects，likepeople，animals，andfr

33、uits.thescientistsusedanfmrimachinetorecordthevolunteersbrainactivitywitheachphotographtheylookedat.differentobjectscauseddifferentregionsofthevolunteersbrainstolightuponthescan，indicatingactivity.thescientistsusedthisinformationtobuildamodeltopredicthowthebrainmightrespondtoanyimagetheeyessee.inase

34、condtest，thescientistsaskedthevolunteerstolookat120newpictures.likebefore，theirbrainswerescannedeverytimetheylookedatanewimage.thistime，thescientistsusedtheirmodeltomatchthefmriscanstotheimage.forexample，ifascaninthesecondtestshowedthesamepatternofbrainactivitythatwasstronglyrelatedtopicturesofapple

35、sinthefirsttest，theirmodelwouldhavepredictedthevolunteerswerelookingatapples.36whatisresponsibleforprocessingtheinformationsentbyyoureyes？athemagneticsysteminthebrain.bthecentralpartoftheheart.coxygen-richblood.dneuronsinthebrain.37thefunctionofanfmrimachineisatoshowhowneutronstakeinoxygen-richblood

36、.btomeasurehowdensethebloodisinthebrain.ctorecordhowmuchoxygenthebrainconsumes.dtoidentifywhichpartsofthebrainareprocessinginformation38theexpression“highlightingtheareasofthebrainatworkinparagraph5meansagivinglighttothepartsofthebrainthatareprocessinginformation.bmarkingthepartsofthebrainthatarepro

37、cessinginformation.cputtingthepartsofthebraintowork.dpreventingthepartsofthebrainfromworking.39theresearchersexperimentedonaanimalsandobjects.bfmrimachines.ctwovolunteers.dthousandsofpictures.精品文档精品文档40whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacethetitleofthepassage？arecentdevelopmentinscienceandtechnology.byo

38、urthoughtscanbescanned.catechnologicaldream.danintelligentrobot.第三篇youthemancipationinspainthespanishgovernmentissoworriedaboutthenumberofyoungadultsstilllivingwiththeirparentsthatithasdecidedtohelpthemleavethenest.around55percentofpeopleaged18-34inspainstillsleepintheirparentshomes，saysthelatestrep

39、ortfromthecountrysstate-runinstituteofyouth.tocoax（劝诱）youngpeoplefromtheirhomes，theinstitutestarteda“youthemancipation（解放）“programthismonth.theprogramoffersguidanceinfindingroomsandjobs.economistsblameyoungpeoplesfamilydependenceontheprecarious（不稳定的）labormarketandincreasinghousingprices.housingprice

40、shaverisen17percentayearsince2000.culturalreasonsalsocontributetotheproblem，saysociologists（社会学家）。familytiesinsoutheurope-italy，portugalandgreece-arestrongerthanthoseinmiddleandnortheurope，saidspanishsociologistalmudenamorenominguezinherreport“thelateemancipationofspanishyouth：keyforunderstanding”。“

41、ingeneral，youngpeopleinspainfirmlybelieveinthefamilyasthemainbodyaroundwhichtheirprivatelifeisorganized，”saidminguez.inspain-especiallyinthecountryside，itisnotuncommontofindentiregroupsofaunts，uncles，cousins，niecesandnephews（外侄/侄子）alllivingonthesamestreet.theyregularlygettogetherforsundaydinner.pare

42、ntstoleranceisanotherfactor.spanishparentsacceptlate-nightpartyingandarewaryofsettingbedtimerules.“achildcanarrivehomeatwhatevertimehewants.ifparentscomplainhellputupafightandcallthefatherafascist，”saidjoseantoniog6mezyanez，asociologistatcarlosiiiuniversityinmadrid.精品文档精品文档motherswillingnesstodochil

43、drenshouseholdchores（家务）worsenstheproblem.dionisiomasso，a60-year-oldinmadrid，hasthreechildrenintheir20s.theeldest，28，hasagirlfriendandajob.butlifewithmumisgood.“hismumdoesthewashandcooksforhim；intheend，heliveswell，”massosaid.41the“youthemancipation”programaimsathelpingyoungpeopleafightforfreedom.bli

44、veinanindependentway.cfightagainstsocialinjustice.dgetridoffamilyresponsibilities.42itcanbeinferredfromparagraph5thatfamilytiesarestrongerinportugalthaninafinland.bgreece.cspain.ditaly.43youngpeoplesfamilydependencecanbeattributedtoallthefollowingfactorsexceptaparentstolerance.bhousingproblems.ccult

45、uraltraditions.dunwillingnesstogetmarried.44whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueofdionisiomasso？asheis60yearsold.bshehasaboyfriend.cshehasthreechildren.dshelivesinmadrid.45thephrase“waryof”inparagraph8couldbebestreplacedbyatiredof.bafraidof.ccautiousabout.dworriedabout.精品文档精品文档第5部分：补全短文（第4650题，每题2

46、分，共10分）下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。reducepackagingpressureincreasedrecentlyonbritishsupermarketsandretailerstoreducepackagingaspartofananti-wastecampaign.（46）britaingenerates4.6milliontonsofhouseholdwasteeveryyearbypackaging.dozensofpeoplehaveexpressedangerattheexcessofplasticwrapping.campaignershavecalledonbritaintolearnfromothereuropeancountries.（47）whenreturnedbottlesareputinavendingmachine（自动售货机），thedepositisrefunded.environmentalistswarntha