虚拟语气总复习精品课件

1、 语气语气 英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气： 陈述语气陈述语气，祈使语气祈使语气和和虚拟语气虚拟语气。不同。不同 的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助 句法形式）来表示。句法形式）来表示。 虚拟语气虚拟语气 l虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，是一种特殊的动词形式， l一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事 实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(常用常用 在在条件条件状语从句中或状语从句中或让步让步状语从句中状语从句中)； l一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建

2、一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建 议等议等 (常用在常用在名词性从句名词性从句中中)。 l简而言之，即：不是事实或不大可能发生简而言之，即：不是事实或不大可能发生 的事情，就用虚拟语气来表述的事情，就用虚拟语气来表述 虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气的概念 虚拟语气的常考形式：虚拟语气的常考形式： 1. if 引导的虚拟条件句引导的虚拟条件句 2. 名词性从句名词性从句 3. 固定句式固定句式 4. 情态动词表示虚拟情态动词表示虚拟 5. 可用可不用虚拟语气的情况可用可不用虚拟语气的情况 a. ifa. if真实条件句真实条件句 表示条件是表示条件是真的或真的或 有可能实现的有可能实现的, , 采用

3、采用陈述语气陈述语气。 b. ifb. if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 表示条件是表示条件是虚拟的虚拟的 或几乎无法实现的或几乎无法实现的, , 采用采用虚拟语气虚拟语气。 if if真实条件句用于真实条件句用于陈述语气陈述语气, ,假设的情况很假设的情况很 有可能发生有可能发生, ,其中其中if if是是“如果如果”的意思的意思 if条件从句条件从句 一般现在时一般现在时 主句主句 will shall+动词原形动词原形 情态动词情态动词 + 动词原形动词原形 What What willwill you do if you do if it it rains rains tomorrow?tom

4、orrow? I I willwill sleep sleep at home at home if it if it rainsrains tomorrow. tomorrow. if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 表示条件是表示条件是虚拟的或几乎虚拟的或几乎 无法实现的无法实现的, 采用采用虚拟语气虚拟语气。 if 引导的虚拟条件句引导的虚拟条件句 与与现在现在事实相反事实相反 与与过去过去事实相反事实相反 与与将来将来事实可能相反事实可能相反 10 If Yao Jiaxin had driven more carefully, he would not have caused the car a

5、ccident in May,2009. 与与过去过去事实相反事实相反 11 had got upcould have caught 与与过去过去事实相反事实相反 12 If I had a great deal of money, I would buy a villa (别墅别墅) for my parents. 与与现在现在事实相反事实相反 13 If I met Obama some day, I would shake hands with him. If I were to meet Obama some day, If I should meet Obama some day,

6、与与将来将来事实相反事实相反 1、If+主语主语+动词过去式动词过去式 2、If+主语主语+were to+ 动词动词 原形原形 3、If+主语主语+should +动词原动词原 形形 If+主语主语+ 动词的过去式动词的过去式 （be动词一般用动词一般用were) 主语主语+would ( should / might / could )动词原动词原 形形 即：即：If+一般过去时态一般过去时态 （be动词一般用动词一般用were) If+主语主语+had +动词的过动词的过 去分词去分词 即：即：If+过去完成时态过去完成时态 主语主语 + would ( should / might /

7、 could )have done 主语主语+would ( should / might / could )动词原动词原 形形 15 1.John went to the hospital alone. If he me about it, I would have gone with him. A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 【答案答案】D 【解析解析】主从句都是对过去发生事实的一种意愿表达，主从句都是对过去发生事实的一种意愿表达， 从句采用从句采用have done的结构，故选的结构，故选D。 16 2.If we _ the ot

8、her road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken 【答案答案】B 【解析解析】主句的谓语动词形式主句的谓语动词形式might have arrived 可知题干是与过去事实相反选可知题干是与过去事实相反选B。 17 3.If he my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job. A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow 【答

9、案答案】C 18 4.-The weather has been very hot and dry. -Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables _. A. wouldnt die B. didnt die C. hadnt died D. wouldnt have died 【答案答案】 D 【解析解析】表示与过去事实相反的假设，故主句用表示与过去事实相反的假设，故主句用 would/could/might/should+have done，即，即D项项 正确。正

10、确。 19 注意以下问题：注意以下问题： l1. 错综时间虚拟条件句错综时间虚拟条件句 l2. (if省略省略) 倒装虚拟条件句倒装虚拟条件句 l3. 含蓄条件句含蓄条件句 20 通常情况下通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的在非真实条件句中主句和从句的 谓语动词所指时间是一致的谓语动词所指时间是一致的,但有时也可能指但有时也可能指 不同的时间不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不这时要根据上下文的意思采用不 同的谓语动词形式。同的谓语动词形式。虚拟条件句和主句动作如虚拟条件句和主句动作如 发生的时间不一致，主句和从句的谓语要根据发生的时间不一致，主句和从句的谓语要根据 各自所指的不同时

11、间选用适当的虚拟语气形式各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式， 这种句子叫做错综时间条件句。这种句子叫做错综时间条件句。 3、错综时间虚拟句（混合虚拟条件句) 21 1）从句与过去相反，主句与现在相反）从句与过去相反，主句与现在相反 If it had rained last night, it would be very cool today. 2) 从句与现在相反，主句与过去相反从句与现在相反，主句与过去相反 If I were you, I wouldnt have missed the film last night. 3)从句与从句与现在相反，主句与相反，主句与将来相反相反 If

12、 you hesitated this moment, you might suffer in future. 4)从句与从句与过去相反，主句与相反，主句与将来相反相反 If they had left home in the early morning, they would arrive in half an hour 22 1).如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这 份工作了。份工作了。 If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now. 2).如果我是你，我

13、就去参加她的生日晚会了如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了 If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party 3).假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新 房，很可能现在还住在危房里。房，很可能现在还住在危房里。 If you hadnt lent me some money, I couldnt have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now. 23 If he

14、_ his legs yesterday, he _ with us now. A. hadnt hurt ; would go B. hadnt hurt; would have gone C. didnt hurt; would go D. didnt hurt; would have gone 24 2. 在虚拟条件句中，如果条件句中有在虚拟条件句中，如果条件句中有 were, had（助动词）或（助动词）或should时时，可，可 使用倒装结构，但使用倒装结构，但if必须省略必须省略。若条件。若条件 从句为否定句，否定词从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语应置于主语 之后，而不能与之后

15、，而不能与were，should，had等等 缩略成缩略成werent，shouldnt，hadnt置置 于句首。于句首。 25 1). Had I seen him then, I would have been very happy. = If I had seen him then, I would have been very happy. 2). Should I have time, I would go with you. = If I should have time, I would go with you. 3). Were I not so busy, I would g

16、o with you. = If I were not so busy, I would go with you. 26 补充例句：补充例句： 要不是要不是 (固定句式固定句式) lIf it had not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work yesterday. = Had it not been for , lIf it were not for lacking money, I would go travelling right now. = Were it not for lacking money, 与与过去过

17、去事事 实相反实相反 与与现在现在事事 实相反实相反 27 l这样的虚拟句不含有这样的虚拟句不含有if从句，而是以从句，而是以but 、 but for、without、or、otherwise等引导的等引导的 句子代替句子代替if从句，主句的谓语动词的形式与从句，主句的谓语动词的形式与 前面虚拟语气的基本用法相同。前面虚拟语气的基本用法相同。 lBut for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully. l要是没有你的建议要是没有你的建议,我就不会那么成功地完我就不会那么成功地完 成它。成它。 4、含蓄条件句 28 虚拟条件不

18、直言，虚拟条件不直言， 都在上下文中联；都在上下文中联； 要不是没有就缺乏，要不然否则就假设，要不是没有就缺乏，要不然否则就假设， but for要不是要不是, without没有没有, in the absence of, 缺乏缺乏时，时， or else否则，不然的话否则，不然的话 otherwise 否则否则 suppose 假设假设 providing如果，假设如果，假设 含蓄条件句含蓄条件句 but for要不是要不是, without没有没有, 29 (1) I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the

19、sports meet.（副词）（副词） (2) He telephoned to tell me of your birthday, or / otherwise I would have known nothing about it.（连词）（连词） 直陈语气直陈语气 虚拟语气虚拟语气 直陈语气直陈语气 虚拟语气虚拟语气 30 (3) I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.（连词）（连词） 直陈语气直陈语气 虚拟语气虚拟语气 31 (5) 用介词短语代替条件状语从句常用的介词有用介词短语代替条件状语从句常用的介词有 wit

20、h, without, but for 等。如：等。如： What would you do with a million dollars? We could not have finished the work ahead of time without your help. But for the rain, we would have finished the work. =If you had a million dollars, what would you do? =If we hadnt got your help / If you hadnt helped us, =If it

21、 hadnt been for the rain, 虚拟语气虚拟语气 虚拟语气虚拟语气 虚拟语气虚拟语气 32 Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _ it without you. A. can manage B. could have managed C. could managed D. can have managed 33 1. If my father _ here now, he _ tell me what to do. were; would was; will had been; would

22、 A. is; will Exercise A 34 2. If he _my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow Exercise C 35 3. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will Exercise tomorrow B 36 4. If the Un

23、ited States had built more homes for poor people in 1955，the housing problems now in some parts of this country _ so serious. A. wouldnt be B. will not have been C. wouldnt have been D. would have not been Exercise now in 1955 A 37 5. They _ two free tickets to Canada， otherwise theyd never have bee

24、n able to afford to go. had got B. got C. have got D. get Exercise B otherwise 38 6. Why didnt you buy the flat? I_，but I didnt have the money. would have B. bought C. would like to D. had bought Exercise A but 39 insist, order / command, suggest / advise / propose / recommend, desire / demand / req

25、uire / request / ask should do ! should do ! should do ! 二二. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气 二二. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气 用在表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句中。用在表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句中。 常见的动词有：常见的动词有： suggest, propose, recommend, demand, request, require, command, order, insist, desire, urge等。等。 一个坚持：一个坚持：insist(坚决要求坚决要求) 两个命令：两

26、个命令：order, command 三个建议：三个建议：suggest, advise, propose 四个要求：四个要求：demand, require ,request, desire 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。 即从句中的动词即从句中的动词 使用使用should + 动词原形，动词原形，should 可省略。可省略。 宾语从句宾语从句 我们建议我们建议Tom 去休息一下。去休息一下。 他坚持要我与他同行。他坚持要我与他同行。 他们要求派他们要求派Tom去那儿工作。去那儿工作。 老师要求作业要及时完成。老师要求作业要及时完成。

27、We suggested _ . He insisted _ . They requested (that) Tom _ . (that) Tom have a rest (that) I (should ) go with him (should) be sent to work there The teacher asked (that) our homework _ .(should) be finished in time 42 2. 这些动词相对应的这些动词相对应的名词性从句名词性从句也用也用 should do lIt is suggested that we (should) p

28、ractise reading English everyday. lThe suggestion given by our teacher is that we (should) practise reading English everyday. lThe teacher give us a suggestion that we (should) practise reading English everyday. 43 lIt is ordered / commanded / suggested / advised / requested / required / demanded th

29、at (should) do lThe / ones insistence / order / command / suggestion / advice / proposal / recommendation / request / requirement / demand / desire is / was that (should) do la / the suggestion / request (等等) that (should) do 44 l例例Teachers recommend parents _their children under 12 to ride bicycles

30、 to school for safety. lAnot allow lBdo not allow lCmustnt allow lDcouldnt allow l解析：解析：考查虚拟语气。考查虚拟语气。recommend后的宾后的宾 语从句谓语动词用语从句谓语动词用“(should)动词原形动词原形”， 因此因此A项正确。项正确。 l答案：答案：A 45 在在“It is / was + 某些形容词某些形容词/过去分词过去分词+ that从从 句句”句型中句型中,that从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气, 即即“(should+)动词原形动词原形”,表示惊奇、遗憾、怀

31、疑表示惊奇、遗憾、怀疑 、不满等。这些形容词有、不满等。这些形容词有:important, necessary, es sential, natural, strange, advisable, desirable, possi ble, probable,astonishing, surprising; 过去分词有过去分词有:d esired, suggested, requested, recommended, ordered, proposed, decided等。等。 3、主语从句中的虚拟语气、主语从句中的虚拟语气 It 做主后有形，做主后有形， 奇怪重要自然行奇怪重要自然行 46 l

32、 It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.有人建议会议应推迟到下周。有人建议会议应推迟到下周。 l It is strange that he (should) have acted towards his parents like that.他那样对待自己的父母很奇怪。他那样对待自己的父母很奇怪。 Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。我们有必要出去散散步。 Its important that we should tak

33、e good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 47 3. wish 的宾语从句的宾语从句 wish 的的 宾语从宾语从 句句 与现在事实相反与现在事实相反: 一般过去时一般过去时( be 用用were ) 与过去事实相反与过去事实相反: 过去完成时过去完成时 与将来事实相反与将来事实相反: would/could /might+V.原原 I wish I _ (be) as tall as Yao Ming.were I wish/wished I _ (have not) eaten so much watermelon. ha

34、dnt He wishes he _ ( become ) a scientist some day. could / would become 51 三三. 虚拟语气特殊句型与固定句式虚拟语气特殊句型与固定句式: would rather (that) 宁愿，但愿宁愿，但愿 sb did 与现在或将来与现在或将来 情况相反情况相反 sb had done 与过去情况相反 与过去情况相反 I would rather you returned me my money now. I would rather we hadnt told her the bad news. I would rath

35、er you came tomorrow. 2. as if / as though 思考：思考： as if / as though 后面的句子是后面的句子是 主句还是从句？主句还是从句？ He behaves as if he_(own) the house.owned 1). 1). 从句的动作与主句动作同时发生从句的动作与主句动作同时发生 ( (可以可以 理解成与现在事实相反理解成与现在事实相反) ) He behaves as if he _ (be) the owner of the house. were She talked about Rome as though she _

36、 (be) there herself. had been 2). 2). 从句的动作发生在主句动作之前从句的动作发生在主句动作之前 ( (可以可以 理解成与过去事实相反理解成与过去事实相反) ) He coughed (咳嗽咳嗽) twice as if someone would come. 他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。 3). 3). 从句的动作发生在主句动作之后从句的动作发生在主句动作之后 ( (可以可以 理解成与将来事实相反理解成与将来事实相反) ) 56 在在look, seem等系动词后的等系动词后的“as if / though” 引导的从句引导的从

37、句,当表示真实情况时当表示真实情况时,用陈述语气用陈述语气; 否则就用虚拟语气。否则就用虚拟语气。 It seems as if it were already spring. 好像已经是春天了。好像已经是春天了。(虚拟语气虚拟语气) It seems as if they know each other. 他们好像彼此认识。他们好像彼此认识。(真实情况真实情况) 57 lShe loves the baby as if it _her own son. lIt seems as if it _spring. lI remember the whole thing as if it _yest

38、erday. lThey talked as if they _friends for years. lHe looks as if he _drunk. were were had happened had been were 3. It is (high / about ) time (that) “是时候是时候. (做某事做某事)” 注意注意: should不能省略不能省略 sb did sb should do 是时候采取措施来保护环境了。是时候采取措施来保护环境了。 It is ( high / about ) time that we took / should take meas

39、ures to protect the environment. 你该走了。你该走了。 Its (high / about) time that you went / should go. 60 l例例Its high time the government _measures to help the graduates. lAtakes Btook lCwill take Dhas taken l解析：考查虚拟语气。句式解析：考查虚拟语气。句式It be (about/high) time接从句时，从句要用虚接从句时，从句要用虚 拟语气，谓语动词用一般过去式。拟语气，谓语动词用一般过去式。

40、l答案：答案：B 61 4、 If only 引导的感叹句（要是该有多好啊引导的感叹句（要是该有多好啊) If only I were a flying bird! 要是我是一只飞鸟多好！要是我是一只飞鸟多好！ Look at the trouble I am in. If only I had followed your advice! 看看现在我的困境，要是我接受你的建议就好了看看现在我的困境，要是我接受你的建议就好了 If only I knew the answer! If only I had seen the film yesterday! 与现在事实相反与现在事实相反: 一般过去

41、时一般过去时( be 用用were ) 与过去事实相反与过去事实相反: 过去完成时过去完成时 If only 62 l例例Why do you look so upset? lI broke up with my girlfriend. If only I_more about her. lAcare Bcared lChad cared Dhad been cared l解析：解析：考查虚拟语气。考查虚拟语气。if only表示表示“要要 是是就好了就好了”，后面的句子要用虚拟，后面的句子要用虚拟 语气。表示与过去事实相反的情况时，语气。表示与过去事实相反的情况时， 谓语动词用谓语动词用ha

42、d done的形式。的形式。 l答案：答案：C 63 5、in case, for fear that, lest等引导的状等引导的状 语从句中的虚拟语气语从句中的虚拟语气 在在in case, for fear that, lest等引导的目的状语从句中等引导的目的状语从句中, 谓语动词用谓语动词用“should +动词原形动词原形”的形式的形式,也可用动词的一也可用动词的一 般现在式或一般过去式般现在式或一般过去式。 He handled the instrument with care for fear that it should be damaged. 他小心地拿着仪器他小心地拿着仪

43、器,生怕把它摔碎了。生怕把它摔碎了。 四四. 情态动词表示虚拟情态动词表示虚拟 would have done 本想/打算做某事却没做 should/ought to have done 本应该做某事却没做 shouldnt/oughtnt to have done 本不该做某事却做了 could have done 本能够做某事却没做 would rather have done 宁愿过去做了某事却没做 had better have done 最好过去做了某事却没做 neednt have done 本不必做某事却做了 must have done might have done cant

44、/ couldnt have done 过去肯定发生了过去肯定发生了 过去可能发生了过去可能发生了 过去不可能发生过去不可能发生 1. insist, suggest 2. as if / though 3. if 五五. 可用可不用虚拟语气的情况可用可不用虚拟语气的情况 66 linsist / suggest 各有两种意思，用不同各有两种意思，用不同 的语气的语气 linsist : “坚决坚决/持要求持要求”用虚拟语气用虚拟语气,即即 should do; linsist : “坚持认为坚持认为, 坚持说坚持说”用陈述语用陈述语 气气 lsuggest : “建议建议”用虚拟语气，用虚拟

45、语气，即即 should do; lsuggest : “表明、暗示表明、暗示”用陈述语气用陈述语气 l 1. The teacher suggested that we _ (practise) more after class. l 2. Her pale face suggests that she _ (be) ill today. l 3. He insisted that all of us _ (get) there on time by any means. l 4. He insisted that he _ (not steal) the diamond, and that

46、 he should be set free. l 他坚持说他没偷钻石，应该立刻被释放。他坚持说他没偷钻石，应该立刻被释放。 (should) practise is (should) get hadnt stolen 68 as if / as though lWhen a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken. lThe dark clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain. 69 虚拟语气虚拟语气 If 型型 Should

47、 +v型型 类似类似if型型 。 。 。 混杂条件句混杂条件句(各自为准各自为准) Were, had ,should提前，省略提前，省略if 1. 一个坚持，两个命令，一个坚持，两个命令， 三个建议，四个要求。三个建议，四个要求。 2. It is（necessary，strange）+that wish/as if Would rather/ if only It is (high) time that But for/otherwise/ without/in that case 1.过去式过去式 2.过去完成过去完成 3.could、would、might +v 1.过去式过去式 2.

48、过去完成过去完成 Should（不省）（不省） +v/ 过去式过去式 1.Would,could,should,might+v 2.would,could,should,might +have done insist suggest 70 1.判断是否虚拟判断是否虚拟 2. 判断虚拟类型判断虚拟类型 3. 判断虚拟时间判断虚拟时间 Exercise 71 A 72 C 73 C 74 4.Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy . Awould have been saved Bhad

49、been saved Cwill be saved Dwas saved 【答案答案】 A 【解析解析】 原形是：原形是：If I had known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .故选择故选择A。 75 5.John went to the hospital alone. If he me about it, I would have gone with him. A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 【答案答案】D 【解析解析】主从句都是对过去发

50、生事实的一种意愿表达，主从句都是对过去发生事实的一种意愿表达， 从句采用从句采用have done的结构，故选的结构，故选D。 76 6. I through that bitter period without your generous help. A.couldnt have goneB.didnt go C.wouldnt go D.hadnt gone 【答案与解析】A句意:如果没有你的慷慨相助的话,我不可能熬 过那段艰苦的日子。without your generous help相当于含蓄条件句if it hadnt been for your generous help, 此处表示与过去事实相反,所以 主句部分应采用couldnt have done 结构,表示“本不可能”。 77 7.Where are the children? The dinners goin g to be completely ruined. I wish they always late. A.werent B.hadnt been C. wouldnt be D.wouldnt have been 【答案与解析】A句意:“孩子们都到哪里去了?这顿饭就要被他 们彻底破坏了。”“我希望他们不要总是迟到。”本题考查虚拟 语气。wish后跟that从句采