高三英语名校试题精品汇编(第1期)专题08：情态动词及虚拟语气

1、2013届高三英语名校试题巨献（教师版）第8讲 情态动词及虚拟语气专题情态动词的解题技巧：(1) 认真审题，结合所给出的语境，正确把握说话者的语气、情感、态度、观点等。(2) 认真思考所给选项中情态动词的基本特征和用法，并结合语境推敲答案。(3) 要注意把握时间概念。 a. can manage b. could have managedc. could manage d. can have managed根据题干中所给出的时间last week可知我们已经做完了工作，已经完成，故排除a、c两项，再结合could have done表示虚拟语气以及与前面的i dont think，故说话者想表

2、达的意思是：离开了你，我们本不可能完成这项工作。故答案为b项。情态动词用法归类与高考试题分析：（一）表示推测的情态动词 (1) must表示推测，意为“一定”，只能用于肯定句中。 must have done意为：一定做过某事或某事肯定发生了。 例如： she looks very happy. she _ have passed the exam.i guess so. its not difficult after all. a. should b. could c. must d. might【解析】句意为：她看上去很高兴，一定是通过了考试。【答案】c(2) should (not) /

3、 ought (not) to在中表示根据常规或常识推测，表示“某事应该或不应该发生”，语气比must或cant / couldnt稍弱。例如：hows your tour around the north lake? is it beautiful?it _ be, but it is now heavily polluted.a. will b. would c. should d. must there _ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving

4、 school. a. mustnt b. shant c. shouldnt d. neednt【解析】句意：既然你在驾校进行了大量训练，那么通过道路测试按理不应该有困难c(3) can, could表达推测时，一般用于疑问句和否定句中；can用于肯定句中表示一种理论上的可能性，并不牵涉是否真的会发生，在这种用法中can只能与动词原形连用；could用于肯定句中，语气比may/ might更弱。 you _ be hungry already you had lunch only two hours ago! a. wouldnt b. cant c. mustnt d. needntshe

5、 _ have left school, for her bike is still here. a. cant b. wouldnt c. shouldnt d. needntit is usually warm in my hometown in march, but it _ be rather cold sometime. a. must b. can c. should d. wouldpeter _ be really difficult at times even though hes a nice person in general. a. shallb. shouldc. c

6、and. must (4)may (not) / might (not)表达一种不太把握的推测，意为“或许，可能”；might的语气比may较婉转。例如： liza _ well not want to go on the trip - she hates traveling. a. will b. can c. must d. may【解析】may well为固定搭配，意为：很可能，极有可能。【答案】 although this _ sound like a simple task, great care is needed. a. must b. may c. shall d. shoul

7、di cant find my purse anywhere. you _ have lost it while shopping. a. may b. can c. should d. would【解析】结合语境可知，回答者是在提醒对方：或许购物时把钱包丢了。【答案】a（二）表达虚拟语气的情态动词对过去的一种结果的假设或虚拟，用情态动词+have done这一结构，常用的有以下几个情态动词：(1) should (not) / ought (not) to have done本（不）应该做某事，但却没有做或做了，含有责备或后悔之意。例如：im sorry. i _at you the oth

8、er day.forget it. i was a bit out of control myself. a. shouldnt shout b. shouldnt have shoutedc. mustnt shoutc. mustnt have shouted【解析】对不起，我那天本不应该对你大喊大叫的。【答案】b (2) could have done本来能够做某事但未做。例如：thank you for all your hard work last week. i dont think we _ it without you. a. can manage b. could have

9、managedc. could manage d. can have managed (3) neednt have done本没有必要做某事但却做了。要注意neednt do则表达“没有必要去做某事”，时间上应该是现在或将来。例如：catherine, i have cleaned the room for you.thanks. you _ it. i could manage it myself. a. neednt do b. neednt have done c. mustnt do d. shouldnt have donethe boss has given everyone a

10、 special holiday, so we go to work tomorrow. a. cant b. mustnt c. neednt d. shouldnt【解析】老板给所有的员工放了假，所以我们明天不必再去上班。【答案】c(4)would (not) have done本来(不)会发生某事，但却（发生了）或没有发生。常用于虚拟条件句或含蓄虚拟条件引导的虚拟语气，表示对过去所发生事情结果的假设。例如：he hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise, he _ a goal. a. had scored b.

11、scored c. would score d. would have scored【解析】句中otherwise为含蓄条件，相当于if he had not hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，这是对过去的一种虚拟假设。【答案】d(5) might have done表示“本来可能”，但实际上没有发生的事。例如：(nmet2008江西)what a pity! considering his ability and experience, he _ better. a. need have done b. must have done

12、c. can have done d. might have done（三）表达“情感、态度、语气” 等方面的情态动词1. must表达“情感、态度、语气”主要有以下用法：(1) 表示主观的义务和必要，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，意思为“必须，得，要”；由must引起的疑问句，肯定回答要用must或have to， 否定回答要用neednt或dont have to,意思是“不必”。另外，must与have to都可以表示“必须”这一含义。must表示一种主观的需要，而have to表示一种客观的需要，意思是“不得不”，其否定形式是don have to。 例如： -what sort of ho

13、use do you want to have? something big?-well, it _ be big-thats not important. a. mustnt b. neednt c. cant d. wont 【解析】something big?此处意为：must it be big? 回答者的意思是：房子不必太大那并不重要。【答案】b (2) must的否定形式mustnt表示禁止，意思是“不能，不许”。例如：(2008上海春)when i was young, i was told that i _ play with matches a. wouldnt b. nee

14、dnt c. mustnt d. darent (3) must用于条件句或疑问句中，可以用来表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏要，硬要、干嘛”。例如：may i smoke here ?if you _, choose a seat in the smoking section. a. should b. could c. may d. mustjohn, look at the time. _ you play the piano at such a late hour?amust bcan cmay dneed2. should(1) should应该，表示“责任和义务”。例如：(nm

15、et2008上海) according to the air traffic rules, you _ switch off your mobile phone before boarding. a. mayb. can c. wouldd. should (2) 在虚拟条件句中用以加强假设语气，表示“与将来事实相反的假设”，用 if+主语+ should +动词原形，当“万一(会)”讲。这时可省略if，将should提到句首，变为倒装句式。请看下面的例子： if it should rain (=should it rain) tomorrow, i would stay at home.万

16、一明天下雨的话，我就待在家里。再如：_ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. a. would you be b. should you be c. could you be d. might you be【解析】句意：万一你被解雇，给你的医疗救助和其它方面的福利也不会被取消。答案b(3) should还可以用来表示说话人对某事不能理解、赶到意外、惊异等意思，译为“竟然，竟会”。例如：you cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _

17、be so rude to a lady. a. might b. need c. should d. would【解析】句意：你想象不到这么一个表现良好的绅士竟然会对一个女士这么粗鲁。答案c3. shall(1) shall用于第一和第三人称，常用于疑问句中，用来征求对方意见。例如：whats the name?khulaifi. _ i spell it for you? a. shall b. would c. can d. might(2) 用于第二和第三人称，表示“命令、威胁、警告、允诺、”等。例如：excuse me. but i want to use your computer

18、 to type a report.you _have my computer if you dont take care of it . a. shant b. might not c. neednt d. shouldnt【解析】shall此处表示“警告”。【答案】a(3) shall也用于宣布法律、规定的要求。例如：what does the sign over there read? “no person _ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area.” a. will b. may c. shall d

19、. must4. can(1) can可以用来表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度，主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。how _ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have only covered only part of the article?a. can b. must c. need d. may 【答案】a(2) can也可以用来表示请求或许可。例如：mum, ive been studying english since 8 oclock. _i go out and play with tom for a

20、 while?no, im afraid not. besides, its raining outside now. a. cant b. wouldnt c. mayd. wont【答案】a (3) can可以表达一般的或永久的能力。be able to也可表达能力，但常用来表达在某件事情中所表现出来的能力，尤指克服困难能够完成某事。例如： if it were not for the fact that she _ sing, i would invite her to the party. a. couldnt b. shouldnt c. cant d. might not (97)

21、 the fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. a. had to b. would c. could d. was able to 【答案】c d5. would(1)will与would可表示“意愿；意志 ”。john promised his doctor he _ not smoke and he has never smoked ever since. a. might b. should c. could d. would【解析】根据promise可知此处是john向医生表明自己的意志。

22、【答案】d(2) would表示过去倾向性或习惯性的动作。used to 也有这一用法，但used to即可用来表达过去的习惯性的动作，也可用来表示过去的状态。例如： (上海)when he was there, he _ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. a. would b. should c. had better d. might (07安徽)in my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than _. a. that us

23、ed to be b. it is used to c. it was used to d. it used to be第一题would指过去习惯性的动作；第二题it 替代life, used to be 指过去的样子。a d名校模拟试题汇编训练（15分钟）1.【2012届江西省临川一中高三6月信息卷】23. why do you look so upset?-oh, i was fined for speedingi _ that fastashouldnt drive bmustnt drive ccouldnt have driven dshouldnt have driven 2.【2

24、012届安徽高考最后一卷】22.you had better break up with the boy, lucy.i dont hang out with him any more. you have told me that at the beginning.a. would b. should c. could d. must3.【2012届安徽省六安一中高三第十次月考】25、does your uncle still smoke?he given it up. its two years ever since he .acant have; smoked bmay have; smo

25、kedcshould have; has smoked dshould have; didnt smoke【答案】b【解析】考查情态动词。may have done 表示“可能已经做某事了”；第二空表示“他不吸烟有两年了”，此句型中用延续性动词表示动作停止。4.【2012届安徽省六安一中高三第十次月考】28、were committed to the project; we be here otherwise.ashant bshouldnt cwouldnt dneednt5.【2012届上海市高考适应性考试英语试卷】27. - i dont know why denise started

26、crying when i mentioned the wedding.- it _ what you said about her brother. or, perhaps she is just nervous. a. should have been b. couldnt have been c. could have been d. must have been【答案】c【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：可能你谈到了他的哥哥或者也许她紧张。6.【2012届天津一中高三第五次月考】15. my pain _ obvious the moment i walked into the roo

27、m, for the first man i met asked sympathetically, “are you feeling all right?”a. must beb. must have beenc. might have beend. may be【答案】b【解析】考查情态动词的用法。此处must have been表示对过去的事实的推测。7.【2012届甘肃兰州一中三诊】8. the school recommends parents _ their children to swim in rivers or lakes during summer holidays.a. n

28、ot permit b. do not permit c. mustnt permit d. couldnt permit8.【2012届甘肃兰州一中三诊】20. i cant believe that jeff _ have quarreled and fought with his boss. - well, if one _ ask for trouble, it just cant be helped.a. would; will b. must; may c. should; must d. need; dare 【答案】c【解析】考查情态动词的用法。第一空should意为：竟然；第

29、二空must意为：一定。句意：我不能相信jeff竟然和他的老板争吵、打架。-如果一个人偏要找麻烦的话，那没办法。9.【2012届西安八校联考二】22mary didnt turn up last time, did she?noshe _we had changed our plan待添加的隐藏文字内容1adidnt need to come bneednt have comecshouldnt have come dneednt have to come【答案】a【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：mary上次没有出现，是吗？-不。她没必要来。我们改变了计划。10.【2012届河北省唐山市三模

30、】26 you read when the power is off ? its harmful to your eyes .acanbwillcmustdmay11.【2012届河北省唐山市三模】34if only i the key with me ! then you would not have to wait for your wifes rescue.ahad had bhave had chaddhave【答案】c【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。此处表示与现在的事实相反，故用一般过去时。句意：要是我带着钥匙该多好啊！12.【2012届江苏徐州市高考信息卷】30. does the s

31、uggestion sound reasonable that smith _ about his physical condition as soon as possible? a. must be told b. shall be told c. should be told d. may be told13.【2012届江苏徐州市高考信息卷】33. did our class win the game? we _, but li ping dropped out in the middle of the game because of his ankle injury. a. may h

32、ave b. might have c. must have d. should have【答案】b【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：我们本可能赢得比赛的，但李平因踝受伤，中途退场。14.【2012届江西临川一中冲刺卷】28. its a pity that you _ leave so soon. its been so nice having you here.a、shouldb、couldc、cand、might15.【2012届四川成都市树德协进中学5月月考】30. _ i read english loudly in the morning, i would start from t

33、oday on. a. must b. should c. might d. shall【答案】b【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。含有if的条件句，如果把if省略，助动词前置。16.【2012届福建漳州市四地七校第四次联考】27 no wonder you caught a cold. you _ out last night without a coat. i know how silly i was. a. should have gone b. shouldnt have gone c. cant have gone d. mustnt have gone17.【2012届福建漳州市四地七校第四次联考】35without sir tim, the father of the www,