非谓语的用法总结

1、非谓语动词的用法总结李靖非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）不是真正意义上的谓语动词，在句中都不能单独作谓 语。但都具有动词的某些特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语，构成非谓语动词短语。不定式表目的， 表将来；动名词表主动，表进行；过去分词表被动，表完成。一作主语（动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being,动名词做主语谓语动词用单数）1）不定式、动名词都可做主语，但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作，可以是多次的经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。如：Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火危险。（泛指玩火）To play with fire will

2、be dan gerous.玩火会发生危险。2）用动名词做主语的句型：It s no use/no good /pleasure doing sth 做 没有用处 / 好处/ 乐趣It s a waste of time doing sth做浪费时间It is worth doing sth值得做某事It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收It is worth making an appo in tme nt before you go.去之前预约一下是值得的。3）不定式做主语的句型.It is + adj +for sb to do sth.比较：表

3、示人的品质时只能用 of sb 女口considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel /wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wr ong等单词出现时。It is silly of you to say so.It is importa nt for us to lear n En glish well.It is a must/ a necessity for us to have a good command）f the English Iang

4、uage.4）“ Wh- + to 不定式”可做主语。女口：When to leave hasn t been decided yet.什么时候动身还没定呢。Whether to drive or take the trainis still a problem.是自驾车还是乘火车仍是一个问题。5） 一般情况下，不定式和动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如:Seeing is believ in g.= To see is to believe眼见为实。Plan ti ng flowers n eeds con sta nt wateri ng.但and连接的多个动名词作主语，谓语动词大多

5、用复数（如果前后动名词的语义一致， 谓语一般用单数）。如：Lying and stealing are immoral.说谎与盗窃是不道德的。6）动名词前面可以加上形容词性物主代词构成动名词的复合结构。如:What made him an gry? Mary s /My/His/Her / Their/ The boy s/ The president s being late（made him an gry.7）过去分词不能单独做主语，前面必须加上 bei ng,构成动名词，做主语。如：Being exposed to the sun is harmful to the skinBeing

6、exam ined twice a year ,whether it is a car, a bus or a truck, is therule that every driver must obey in this city.经典练习：1. It s important for the figures(update) regularly.2. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it s better(remai n) sile nt.3. It s really stupid of you (tell )

7、 him the news yesterday so it hasbee n disturb ing him all the time.4. (un dersta nd)your own n eeds and styles of com muni cati on is asimporta nt as lear ning to con vey your affect ion and emoti ons.5. (worry) about your grades doesn t help .6. The engine just won t start. Something seems(go) wro

8、ng with it.参考答案：1. to update 2. to remain 3. to have told 4. un dersta nding 5.worry ing 6.to go改错题：一个句子最多有一处错误1. It s standard practice for a companylike this one employ a security officer.2. Hear how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.3. Knowbasic first-aidtechni

9、ques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.4. Do well in an in terview will be an importa nt part of gett ing a place at uni versity.5. He told us whether have a pic nic was still un der discussi on.6. How prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.参考答案：1.在 employ 前加 to 2. Hear 改为

10、Hearing 3. Know 改为 Knowing4. Do 改为 Doi ng 5. have 前加 to 6. prevent 前加 to.二. 作定语1) 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、 工具等，不定式后面需要有相应的介词，如：The Brow ns have a comfortable house to live in2) 用不定式作定语的几种情况：a. 不定式表将来如： The car to be bought is for his sister.b. 用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any ，the only 等限定的

11、中心词，且与中心词为 逻辑上的主动关系，女口：He was the best man to do the iob.She was the first womanto win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.c. 有些名词的同根词常跟不定式，因而它们也常跟不定式做定语，常见的有：promise, plan,attempt, offer, decisi on, refusal, failure, ability, cha nee, warning, anxiety,eagern ess, willi ngn ess, readi ness等I don t t

12、rust his promise to come for a visit.He said he had no pla n to go there.He made an attempt to sta nd up.Birds singing is sometimes a warning to other birds to stay away.3) 前置定语：V+ing可以表示正在进行，也可以表示特征；过去分词表示已经完成或状态请 区别下面短语：the boiling/ boiled water.正沸腾的水(表正在进行”白开水(表完成)a good-look ing flower.一朵好看的花儿(表

13、特征)the developing countries/ the developed countries发展中国家/ 发达国家the falling leaves / the fallen leaves正在下落的叶子/落叶the remai ning mon ey/ the money left剩下的钱注意：英语中有些表示感觉的动词，其现在分词形式表示“令人感到.的”，过去分词形 式表示“感到.的”如：an excit ing voice一个令人兴奋的声音an excited voice一个兴奋的声音a puzzli ng expressi on个令人困惑的表情 a puzzled expre

14、ssi on个困惑的表情4) 区别下列后置定语的用法：to be do ne 表示被动、将来；do ne表示被动、完成； being done表示被动、正在进行；v+ing表示主动；一动词的系表结构直接去掉动词be;如果是不及物动词或者是感官系动词sound/taste/ feel/ smell/ look和变化系动词就只有用V+ing形式。Have you read the novel written by Dicke ns?Liste n! The song being sung is very popular with stude nts.The question to be discu

15、ssed at tomorrow s meeting is a very important one.The food tasting delicioussells well.注意：不定式在后置定语中只表示将来，不表目的；having dong 或者 having been done 般用在状语中，不可以做后置定语，过去分词本身就表被动和完成。请完成下面的练习1. There are many people(wait) outside the hall.2. There are many problems( rema in) to be solved.3. The flowers(smell)

16、 sweet attract a lot of people.4. There are many people(in vite) to the party.th5. The film,(set) in the 19cen tury, won the medal.6. The meeting(hold)now is of great importa nee.7. The meeting(hold)yesterday was of great importa nee.8. The meeti ng(hold)tomorrow is of great importa nee.9. He is alw

17、ays the first(come) and the last(leave).10. He is the only pers on(know) the truth.11. He was the best(do) the job.13. A great number of students (question) said they were forced to practicethe pia no.14. John has really got the job because he showedmethe official letter (offer)it to him.15. After c

18、ompleti ng and sig ning it, please retur n the form to us in the en velope(provide)16. Birds singing is sometimes a warning to other birds(stay) away.17. The room is empty except for a bookshelf(stand) in one corner.18. Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile ofm

19、ail(wait) for her.19. They might just have a place (leave) on the writing course why don t yougive it a try?20. In some Ian guages, 100 words make up half of all words(use) in dailycon versati ons.21. Volun teeri ng gives you a cha nee(cha nge) lives, in cludi ng your own.参考答案：1.waiting 2.remaining3

20、.smelling 4.invited 5. set 6.being held 7.held 8.to be held 9. to come 10. to leave 11.to kn ow 12.to do 13. questio ned14. offering 15. provided 16. to stay 17. sta nding 18. waiti ng 19. left20. used 21. to leave 22. to cha nge三. 作表语(不定式/动名词/过去分词都可以做表语)1. 动名词作表语表示抽象的概念性的动作，可以是多次的经常性的行为；不定式多表示具体 的动

21、作，尤其是某一次的动作 例如：比较下列区别His favorite sport is swimmi ng.( 泛指游泳)Your task today is to wash the curtains.(指一次具体的工作)2.excited/disappo in ted/frighte ned/pleased/satisfied/i nterested/puzzled/tiredexcit in g/disappo in tin g/frighte nin g/pleas in g/satisfy ing/in teresti ng/puzzli ng/t iring 令人.He is move

22、d by the moving movie.The film is movi ng.It is a pleasant trip.(pleasant 做前置定语)The trip is pleasing.(pleasing 做 表语)3. 注意下歹卩表达方式： My bag is missing/lost/ gone. I find my bagmiss ing/lost/gone.4. remai n的表语1) remain to be done仍需去做/有待于One problem remia ns to be solved.It remians to be seen whether the

23、 operation was successful.2) remain做仍然是”讲时，可用名词，adj，介词，现在分词或者过去分词作表语He remained stuck ( 滞留)abroadPeter became a man ager, but Jack rema ined a worker.Whatever achievements you ve made, you should remain modest. 无论你取得多么大 的成就，你都该保持谦虚。He had to remain in hospitaluntil he was better.他不得不一直住院直到身体好些。This

24、solid stone ，square tower had remained standing for one thousand years.The guests came in, but sheremained sitting/seatedat the desk reading.客人们都来了，但她还坐在写字台旁读书。As before, he remained unmoved. 他和以往一样无动于衷。注意：1)用作不及物动词，意思是“剩下；剩余；遗留”，此时不能用进行时态，也没有 被动语态。After the fire, very little remai ned of his house.

25、火灾过后，他的家所剩无几。2)remaining是形容词,意为“剩余的，常作前置定语；而left则只能作后置定语。 例如：There are still some apples left.还剩余一些苹果。I bought a gift for her with the remaining mon ey.我用剩余的钱给她买了一件礼物。3) remain作名词时表示“剩余物”，一般用其复数形式。例如：The archeologists found some remains of the Song Dyn asty.考古学家发现了一些宋代遗迹。5. 1)主语+ seem +(to be )+表语，表

26、语多为名词或形容词Tom seems (to be ) a very clever boy.汤姆看上去是一个非常聪明的男孩。The man over there seems to be a new teacher.那边的那个人看上去像一个新老2)主语 + seem to do sth- be doing sth have done sthMrs. Green doesn t seem ( 或seems not ) to like the idea.格林夫人似乎不太喜欢这个主意。The childre n seemed to be eati ng someth ing in the room.孩

27、子们好像正在房间里吃东西呢。The young man seemed to have cha nged much. 这个年轻人看起来变化很大。6. 当不定式用作表语时，其中的to原则上是不能省略的。如：His aim is to do two years work in one.他的目标是一年干两年的工作。但有一种例外，那就是当主语部分有动词do的某种形式时，用作表语的不定式可以省略to。 如：What you first do is (to) mix the egg with flour.你先得把鸡蛋和面粉和好。All I did was (to) touch the wi ndow, an

28、d it broke.我只不过碰了一下窗户，玻璃就碎了经典练习1. My worry is your（rely） too much on your pare nts.2. Please rema in（seat）; the winner of the prize will be announ ced soon.3. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone areimporta nt in staying（ conn ect）答案：1.re lying 2.seated 3.c onn

29、 ected四. 作宾语（不定式和动名词都可以作宾语）1. 只能用动名词作宾语的动词和短语考虑、建议和原谅，承认、推迟没得想像避免、继续练，否认完成停感谢不禁止介意准逃亡consider （考虑）；advise/suggest/propose/recommend（ 建议）;excuse/pardon（ 原谅）； admit/acknowledge（ 承认）；delay/postpone/put off（推迟）;imagine/fancy（想像）；avoid（避免）；practise （练习）；deny（否认）;finish（完成）; appreciate/acknowledge（感谢）;for

30、bid （ 禁止）;mind（介意）;escape（逃脱）；此外，这些动词也跟动名词：miss（错过）;enjoy（享受）;risk （冒险）；tolerate/bear/stand/put up with（容忍）；quit （停止）advocate （提倡）；resist （抵制）understand （理解）； allow/permit（允许）短语：feel like doing sth（喜欢做某事；give up doing （ 放弃做某事）;keep doing（ 不停的做某事）;be busy doing sth; can t help doing sth （情不自禁）；be wor

31、th doing sth （ 值得 做某事）；have difficulty/trouble doing sth（ 做. 有困难/ 麻烦）;have a hard/good time doing sth 做. 很开心 / 不开心；have fu n doi ng sth做. 很开心 succeed in doi ng sth 成功做某事句型：It is no use/good /pleasure doi ng sth做 没有用处 / 好处 / 乐趣There is no point in doing sth= There is no n eed to do sth没必要做某事It s a wa

32、ste of time doing sth做.浪费时间It is worthwhile doing/ to do sth = be worthy to be done= be worthy of being done= be worth doi ng sth 值得做某事2. 只能用不定式作宾语的动词决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮decide/determ in e, lear n, want, expect/hope/wish, refuse, man age, care, prete nd, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree

33、, ask/beg, help,（afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten 口诀之外的单词）She prete nded not to see me whe n I passed by.We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn t turned up yet.3. forget ，go on , mean regret ，remembe，stop，try 等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作 宾语，但意义上有区别。forget to do sthforget doi ng sthgo on to do sthgo on

34、 doi ng sthmean to do sthmean doi ng sthregret to say/tell/inform/announceregret doi ng sth/havi ng doneremember to do sthremember doi ng sthstop to do sthstop doi ng sthtry to do sthtry doi ng sthcan t help （to） do sthcan t help doing sthcan t help but do sth =can t but do sthsb used to do sthsb be

35、 used to doi ng sthsth be used to do sthbe afraid to do sth 不敢做某事 be afraid of doi ng sth担心发生某事be sure to do sth 一定会.be sure of doing sth 确信会.Let s go on studying Lesson 6.（让我们继续学第六课。说明前面已学了一部分。）Let s go on to study Lesson 6.（让我们接着学第六课。说明前面已学了第五课。）I remember doing the exercise.（我记得做过练习。）I must remem

36、ber to do it.（我必须记着做这事。）I tried not to go there.（我设法不去那里。）I tried doing it aga in.（我试着又干了一次。）Stop speak ing.（不要讲话。）He stopped to talk.（他停下来讲话。）I mean to come early today.（我打算今天早些来。）Miss ing the train means wait ing for ano ther hour.（误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时）4. 在allow，advise，forbid ，permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后

37、面有名词或代 词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语：allow /advise/forbid/permit sb to do sth allow/advise/forbid/permit doing sthJWe don t allow smok ing here.We don t allow stude nts to smoke.动词need, require ，want作“需要”解，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式 作宾语表示事情需要做，这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be worth后必须用动名词的主 动形式来表示被动意义。Sth n eed/ wan t/require

38、 doing / to be done需要.Sthbe worth doi ng值得deserve to be done/doing .值得The wi ndow n eeds/requires/wa nts clea nin g/to be clea ned.Her method is worth trying.这些建议应该被考虑。These proposals deserve con sideri ng/ to be con sidered.5. to为介词的短语devote on eself/ one s time to （把. 贡献给 ）;look forward to （期望）;pa

39、y atte nti on to （注意）；attach importanee to （重视）；be used/accustomed to （ 习惯于做某事）；whenit comesto （当谈到做某事）;get downto（着手）;prefer doing sth to doing sth （喜欢. 而不喜欢;turn to doing sth（ 转向）；thanks to （多亏）;lead to （导致）；the key to doing sth （做某事的关键）;object to/be opposed to （反对）；contribute to （有助于）；be addicted

40、 to doing sth （沉湎于；对.上瘾）；make contributions to （对做出贡献）；due to （由 于）；apply on eself to （致力于）；stick to（坚持）；come close to（接近于）等后的动词也必须用动名词形式，例如：I look forward to heari ng from you soon.6. 不定式做动词（词组）tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out 等的宾语时，前面常常带

41、引导词 how, what, whether, where, when, who等，但是 why后加不带 to 的不定式。He showed us how to do the work= He showed us how we should do the work.I don t know what to do = I don t know what I should do.We must decide whether to stay or go=We must decide whether we ll stay or go.Can you tell me why do it?7. 在love

42、，hate，prefer，like等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。有时用动名词作宾语 时，指一般情况，而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。I love swimmi ng.I love to swim today.8. start ，begin，continue在书面语中多后接动名词，在口语中多后接不定式。It started to snow. He is begi nning to cook dinn er. I bega n to un dersta nd what hemea nt.典型例题1. David threatened （report） his neighbor to the

43、 police if the damageswere not paid.2. He chose（keep） sile nt whe n asked why.3. He volun teered（help） the victims in the earthquake.4. When ever you are in trouble, don t hesitate（ask） me for help.5. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildi ngs in the area n eed（repair）.6. Can I s

44、moke here?Sorry. We don t allow（smoke） here.7. I hear they ve promoted Tom, but he didn t mention（promote） when we talkedon the pho ne.8. Bill suggested（hold） a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during thevacati on.9. I really appreciate（have） time to holiday with you on this nice isla nd.

45、10. I can hardly imagi ne her（marry） such a men as Lee.11. It s quite hot today. Do you feel like（go） for a swim?12. Thefilm star wears sun glass. Therefore, he can go shopp ing without （recog ni ze）.13. They are quiet, aren t they? Yes, they are accustomed to not talk at meals.14. How can I afford

46、to fly to America when I can only earn 800 Yuan a month.15. Would you mind turn down your radio a little, please?16. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed caught.17. He practiced playing the piano every morning.18. He risked losing his life in order to save the drowning girl.19. He was consider

47、ing changed his mind.20. He was considered to be very rich.21. Don t worry. We can manage to help you out.22. I was advised to quit the job and try a new one.23. We ve had a good start, but next, more work needs to be done to achieve the final success.24. One learns a language by making mistakes and

48、 correct them.25. China recently tightened its waters controls near the HuangYan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from attacked in the South China Sea.26. Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and having reduced to ruins, the city took on a new look.27. When it comes to speak in p

49、ublic, no one can match him.28. Lydia doesn t feel like study abroad. Her parents are old.29. I really regret (inform) you that you have failed to pass the exam.30. He tried (persuade) her to accept their incitation, but in vain.31. She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of b

50、eing bitten by a snake.32. I still remember taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.33. No one answered the front door, so I tried knocking at the back door.34. I m afraid I can t help painting the house this afternoon.35. I couldn t choose but to accept his invitation.36. I m sorry. I didn t

51、 mean hurt you.37. Now that we have fin ished Exercise I, let s go on to do Exercise n.38. I couldn t help but admiring him for his courage.39. Oh, my goodness! I forgot to lock the door last night. Is there anything missing?40. I forgot paid already, so I went to my boss again.41. The competitor ne

52、ver dreamed of there (be) a chance for him to win thefirst prize in the 100 meter race.42. Have you heard of my sister (win) the contest?43. The doctor does not mind I eating a little meat occasionally.44. She didn t mind her b ooks taken away and used by other students.45. I insist on Mary go there

53、.46. I knew nothing about the window was open.47. He left the city without our know it.答案：1. to report 2. to keep 3. to help 4.to ask 5.repairing6.smoking 7.having been promoted8.holding 9.having 10. marrying 11.going 12.being recognized 13.talk改为 taking 14.正确 15.turn 改为 turning 16.caught 前加 being 1

54、7.正确 18.正确 19.changed 改为 changing 20. 正确 21.正确 22.正确 23.正确 24.correct 改为 correcting 25.attecked 前加 being 26.having 改为 being 27.speak 改为 speaking 28.study 改为 studying 29.to inform 30.to persuade 31. 正确 32.taken 前加 being 33.正确 34.painting 改为 paint 35.去掉 to 36.正确 37.正确 38.admiring 39.正确 4O.paid 前加 bein

55、g 41.being 42.winning 43.I改为 my或 me 44.taken前加 being 45.go 改为 going，或去掉 on 46.was 改为 being 47.know 改为 knowing五作状语不定式分词作状语时，不定式、分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，不定式表示目的， 动名词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。（一）不定式作状语1. 不定式作目的状语In order to可以放在句首，也可以放在句中；so as to 只能放于句中，in order to 和so as to 放于句中时，不能用逗号隔开。To catch the early bus/I n or

56、der to catch the early bus, he gets up early.=He gets up early to catch the early bus.Bob took dow n my teleph one nu mber so as / in order not to forget it.=In order not to forget it, Bob took dow n my teleph one nu mber.2. 不定式作结果状语不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中：so+adj +as to do sth; such+n+as to do sth;enough to do sth; too .to; Only to do sth表示不定式出乎意料的结果。I m not so stupid as to write it down.=l m not such a fool as to write it down.He is clever eno ugh to be fit for the job.Jane ar