[语言类考试复习资料大全]公共英语四级分类模拟题74

1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟。祝愿天下莘莘学子：学业有成，金榜题名！语言类考试复习资料大全公共英语四级分类模拟题74公共英语四级分类模拟题74Reading ComprehensionPart APassage 1 For many years, any discussion of reparations to compensate the descendants of African slaves for 246 years of bondage and another century of legalized discrimination was dismissed. Many whit

2、es and blacks alike scoffed at the idea, reasoning that slavery is part of the past that would only unleash new demons if it were resurrected. Opponents contend that the fledgling reparations movement overlooks many important facts. First, they assert, reparations usually are paid to direct victims,

3、 as was the case when the US government apologized and paid compensation to Japanese-Americans interned during World War . Similarly, Holocaust survivors have received payments from the Germans. In addition, not all blacks were slaves, and an estimated 3, 000 were slave owners. Also, many immigrants

4、 not only came to the United States after slavery ended, but they also faced discrimination. Should they be paid reparations, too? Or should they receive them? And regardless of how much slave labor contributed to the United States wealth, opponents contend, blacks benefit from that wealth today. As

5、 a group, Afro-Americans are the best-educated, wealthiest blacks on the planet. But that attitude is slowly changing. At least 10 cities, including Chicago, Detroit and Washington, have passed resolutions in the past two years urging federal hearings into the impact of slavery. Mainstream civil rig

6、hts groups such as National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the National Urban League and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference regularly raise the issue. The surging interest in reparations parallels a heightened sensitivity to the horrors of slavery, in which as many as 6

7、 million Africans perished in the journey to the Americas alone. There also is growing attention being paid to the huge economic bounty that slavery created for private companies and the country as a whole. Earliest this year, Aetna Inc. apologized for selling insurance policies that compensated sla

8、ve owners for financial losses when their slaves died. Last summer, the Hartford Courant in Connecticut printed a front-page apology for the profits it made from running ads for the sale of slaves and the capture of runaways. Next month, a new California law will require insurance companies to discl

9、ose any slave insurance policies they may have issued. The state also is requiring University of Californian officials to assemble a team of scholars to research the history of slavery and report how current California businesses benefited. Proponents of reparations argue that, even for nearly a cen

10、tury after emancipation in 1865, blacks legally were still excluded from the opportunities that became the cornerstones for the white middle-class. 1. The reasons put forward by opponents of reparations include all the following EXCEPT that _.A.compensations usually go to direct victimsB.blacks who

11、came after slavery ended should not receive compensationsC.blacks now are enjoying the wealth they created under slaveryD.some blacks were slave owners instead of slaves答案:B本题为细节题。题目问的是“以下四项中不是赔偿反对派提出来的理由”。由第二段的First, they assert, reparations usually are paid to direct victims可知A项是；由第四段的blacks benef

12、it from that wealth today. 可知C项是；由第一段最后的not all blacks were slaves, and an estimated 3, 000 were slave owners.可知D项也是；第三段中对于在奴隶制度废除后来到美国的黑人是否给予补偿所提出的疑问，并没有作出回答，所以B项错误。2. Immigrants in paragraph 3 refers to _.A.Afro-AmericansB.non-white immigrantsC.Japanese-AmericansD.holocaust survivors答案:B本题为推测题。由第一

13、段提到补偿非洲奴隶，第二段提到了美日战争时期的补偿和德国补偿，而且说的是奴隶制度废除后到达美国的，所以这里指的应该是范围更广的内容，所以选择B项。3. That the reparations movement is winning support in America is shown in the fact that _.A.federal hearings were held to investigate the impact of slaveryB.even mainstream civil rights groups were persuadedC.growing attention

14、 is being paid to the wealth of the blacksD.there was more public awareness of the frightening experience of slavery答案:D本题为细节题。题目问的是“从下面的中可以看出补偿运动是正在美国赢得支持”。A项和B项为实行补偿采取的行动，可以排除。由倒数第三段的The surging interest in reparations parallels a heightened sensitivity to the horrors of slavery, in which as many

15、as 6 million Africans perished in the journey to the Americas alone.可知D项正确，其中is winning support为surging interest的同义转换。4. The two private companies that made public apology had _.A.compensated slave owners for financial lossesB.sold slaves and captured runawaysC.operated insurance and advertisement b

16、usinessesD.depended on slavery for their existence答案:C本题为细节题。题目问的是“公开道歉的两家私有公司”，由two private companies定位到倒数第二段，由Earliest this year, Aetna Inc. apologized for selling insurance policies.和printed a front-page apology for the profits it made from running ads.可知C项正确，它们有保险和广告业务。5. Which of the following

17、is true according to the passage?A.US government killed Japanese-Americans during World War .B.A new Californian law disclosed slave-insurance policies.C.National Urban League is one of the civil rights groups.D.Blacks faced no discrimination after liberation in 1865.答案:C本题为综合理解题。题目问的是“哪项符合原文的说法？”四个

18、选项均有特殊词汇World War , California，National Urban League以及1865，很容易定位到第二段，倒数第二段、倒数第四段和最后一段。A项中的killed原文未提及；B项中的law还在被要求中；D项的描述与原文直接相悖，所以选择C项。Passage 2 Stanford University scientists have weighed in on the maybe not side of the debate after an extensive examination of four decades of research comparing or

19、ganic and conventional foods. They concluded that fruits and vegetables labeled organic were, on average, not more nutritious than their conventional counterparts, which tend to be far less expensive. Nor were they any less likely to be contaminated by dangerous bacteria like E. coli. The researcher

20、s also found no obvious health advantages of organic meats. Conventional fruits and vegetables did have more pesticide residue, but the levels were almost always under the allowed safety limits, the scientists said. When we began this project, we thought that there would likely be some findings that

21、 would support the superiority of organics over conventional foods, said Dr. Dena Bravata, a senior affiliate of Stanfords Center for Health Policy and the senior author of the paper, which appears in Tuesdays issue of the Annals of Internal Medicine. I think we were definitely surprised. In the stu

22、dyknown as a meta-analysis, in which previous findings are aggregated but no new laboratory work is conductedresearchers combined data from 237 studies, examining a wide variety of fruits, vegetables and meats. For four years, they performed statistical analyses looking for signs of health benefits

23、from adding organic foods to the diet. The researchers did not use any outside financing for their research. I really wanted us to have no perception of bias, Dr. Bravata said. The studys conclusions about pesticides did seem likely to please organic food customers. Over all, the Stanford researcher

24、s concluded that 38 percent of conventional products tested in the studies contained detectable residues, compared with 7 percent for the organic produce. (Even products grown organically can be tainted by pesticides wafting over from a neighboring field or during processing and transporting.) They

25、also noted a couple of studies that showed that children who ate organic produce had fewer pesticide traces in their urine. Dr. Bravata agreed that people bought organic food for a variety of reasonsconcerns about the effects of pesticides on young children, the environmental impact of large-scale c

26、onventional farming and the potential public health threat if antibiotic-resistant bacterial genes jumped to human pathogens. Those are perfectly valid, she said. But if the choices were based mainly on the hope that organic foods would provide more nutrients, I would say there is no robust evidence

27、 to choose one or the other, Dr. Bravata said. 1. According to Dr. Bravata, it is _ for people to think that organics are better than conventional foods.A.naturalB.difficultC.surprisingD.impossible答案:A解析 推断题。由第二段第二、三句“.we thought that there would likely be some findings that would support the superi

28、ority of organics over conventional foods.I think we were definitely surprised.”可知：科学家在实验前认为有机食品优于传统食品，但实验结果令人意外。由此我们可以推断：“有机食品优于传统食品”是一种人们一直以来拥有的观点，这与A项内容相符，所以本题正确答案是A。2. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A.Organic fruits and vegetables have more pesticide residue.B.Organic fruits and veget

29、ables tend to be less expensive.C.The research was based on previous findings.D.The research used an outside financing.答案:C解析 细节题。由第二段第一句“Conventional fruits and vegetables did have more pesticide residue.”可知：传统食品的农药残留较多，这与A项内容不符；由第一段第二句“.not more nutritious than their conventional counterparts, whi

30、ch tend to be far less expensive.”可知：传统食品价格较低，这与B项内容不符；由第四段第一句“The researchers did not use any outside financing for their research.”可知：本研究并没有引用外部资金资助，这与D项内容不符。另外，由第三段第一句“In the study.in which previous findings are aggregated but no new laboratory work is conducted.”可知：本研究是在以往研究发现的基础上进行的，这与C项内容相符。所以

31、本题的正确答案为C。3. People bought organic foods for different reasons EXCEPT _.A.the public health threatB.worrying about the pesticidesC.the price advantages of organic foodsD.the environment of conventional farming答案:C解析 细节题。由第六段“.concerns about the effects of pesticides on young children, the environmen

32、tal impact of large-scale conventional farming and the potential public health threat if antibiotic-resistant bacterial genes jumped to human pathogens. Those are perfectly valid, she said.”可知：人们购买有机食品是基于一些考虑的，如：“the effects of pesticides on young children”，“the environmental impact of large-scale c

33、onventional farming”和“the potential public health threat”，这分别对应A、B和D项。所以本题的正确答案为C。4. What does the last sentence mean?A.It is unnecessary for people to buy organic foods.B.It is necessary for people to buy conventional foods.C.Organic foods is better than conventional foods.D.Organic foods can not p

34、rovide more nutrients.答案:D解析 推断题。由文章最后一段“But if the choices were based mainly on the hope that organic foods would provide more nutrients, I would say there is no robust evidence to choose one or the other, Dr. Bravata said.”可知：相比传统食品，有机食品并不会带来更多的营养和健康收益，这与D项内容相符，所以本题的正确答案为D。5. The passage focuses o

35、n _.A.the prices of the organic foodsB.the qualities of the organic foodsC.the nutrients of the organic foodsD.the pesticide residues of the organic foods答案:C解析 主旨题。通读全文“organic foods”反复出现。另外，由第一段可知文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项新研究。他们认为带有有机标志的水果和蔬菜总体上并不比普通水果蔬菜更有营养，能够反映这一主题的只有C项。所以本题的正确答案为C。Passage 3 No company lik

36、es to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation. Is this what you like to accomplish with your careers? an American senator asked Time Warner executives recently. You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well? At Time Warner, however, s

37、uch questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soulsearching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990. Its a self-examination that has, at different times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line. At the core of this de

38、bate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over from the late Steve Ross in the early 1990s. On the financial front, Levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the companys mountainous debt, which will increase to $17.3 billion after two new cable deals close. He has promised to se

39、ll off some of the property and restructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently. The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him. Levin has consistently defended the companys rap music on the grounds of expression. In 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice-Ts

40、violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as a lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outlet. The test of any democratic society, he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression

41、the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We wont retreat when we face any threats. Levin would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chairman was backing off his hard-line stand, at least to some extent. During the disc

42、ussion of rock singing verses at last months stockholders meeting, Levin asserted that music is not the cause of societys ills and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students. But he talked as well about the balanced struggle between creative freed

43、om and social responsibility, and he proclaimed that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music. The 15-member Time Warner board is generally supportive of Levin and his corporate strategy. But insiders say some of them have

44、 shown their concerns in this matter. Some of us have known for many, many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited, says Luce. I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this. 1. An American senat

45、or criticized Time Warner for _.A.its raising of the corporate stock priceB.its self-examination of the soulC.its neglect of social responsibilityD.its emphasis on creative freedom答案:C解析 美国参议员批评Time Warner，主要是因为他忽略了社会责任，发行反映暴力的音乐。2. The word flap ( Para. 3 ) here means _.A.controversyB.fearC.disaste

46、rD.solution答案:A解析 flap这里指“争议”，等于controversy。3. In 1992, Time Warner caused public outrage because it _.A.sacked workers as a result of restructuringB.issued a record promoting violenceC.advocated the culture of the streetD.challenged the freedom of expression in democratic society答案:B解析 从文章第三段可知：“In

47、 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice-Ts violent rap song Cop Killer,.(1992年，时代华纳因为发行冰T的有暴力倾向的说唱歌曲警察杀手而受到各方严厉批评时)”时代华纳“引起民怨”，主要是因为他出版了鼓励暴力的唱片。4. In the face of recent attacks on the company, Levin _.A.stuck to a strong stand to defend freedom of expressionB.softened his tone and i

48、ntroduced a new initiativeC.yielded to objections and resigned from the companyD.requested unconditional support from the 15-member board答案:B解析 文章第四段：“.but there were signs that the chairman was backing off his hard-line stand,.(有迹象表明，董事长至少是在某种程度上改变了他的强硬态度的立场。)”5. We can infer from the last paragrap

49、h that _.A.profits and social responsibility can rarely go hand in hand in the companyB.few people are concerned about corporate responsibilityC.the debate over Time Warner s policy will soon involve other companiesD.the Time Warner Boards opinion of the companys policy is divided答案:A解析 从最后一段可知，宪法第一

50、修订案中规定的言论自由不是完全没有限制的，即我们应该同时考虑社会责任，对公司来说利益和社会责任通常不能兼顾。Passage 4 Orchids are unique in having the most highly developed of all blossoms, in which the usual male and female reproductive organs are fused in a single structure called the column. The column is designed so that a single pollination will f

51、ertilize hundreds of thousands, and in some cases millions, of seeds, so microscopic and light that they are easily carried by the breeze. Surrounding the column are three sepals and three petals, sometimes easily recognizable as such, often distorted into gorgeous, weird, but always functional shapes. The most noticeable of the petals is called the labellum, or lip. It is often dramati