国际贸易英文选择题

1、国际贸易英文选择题Chapter 1: IntroductionWhich statement most accurately describes US trade since 1960?Imports continually exceeded exports.Exports continually exceeded imports.Exports and imports were more than 50% of GDP.Both imports and exports grew as a share of GDP.Which of the following is NOT true?As

2、a share of their economies, small countries trade more than large countries.Imports can not exceed exports because trade will become unbalanced.Economists believe that trade generally benefits countries as a whole.U.S. imports currently exceed U.S. exports.The phrase gains from trade describes:The b

3、enefit for two countries when they trade or make atransaction.The profit of middlemen in a trade or a transaction.does not benefit large countries like the US.weakens a nations security.does not benefit consumers.changes the distribution of income in an unfavorableway.David Ricardo argued that trade

4、 occurs between countries because ofdifferences in endowments of factors ofproduction.differences in the size of their economies.differences in climate and resources.differences in labor productivity.Profits made by business in trade or a transaction.n theory, which of the following should be most a

5、verse to international rade?Countries that are more efficient at producing than other countries.Countries that are less efficient at producing than other countries.Owners of resources that are specifically used in industries that compete with imports.the World Trade Organization has refused to accep

6、t cost-benefit analyses.the North American Free Trade Agreement has allowed trade between USand China.trade policy has been mostly determined by conflicts between nations.an anti-globalization movement has continued to fight trade negotiations.Consumers.are fixed by governments.are fixed in terms of

7、 gold.fluctuate according to marketare fixed in terms of the US dollar.Which of the following organizations reviews trade agreements to determine if countries are keeping their promises?US Congress.The United Nations.The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.The World Trade Organizat

8、ion.Which of the following is NOT true regarding international capital markets?Currency fluctuations can cause the value of assets in the market to become unstable.Many countries regulate foreign investment.1982.The value of assets traded in the market has fallen since the debt crisis ofNations may

9、be able to default on their debt.Chapter 2: World Trade: AnOverviewIn 2003, the US had the largest total amount of imports from and exports toGermany.Canada.Canada.Mexico.the United Kingdom.China.In its most basic form, the gravity model says that the most important factors that describe the amount

10、of trade between countries aredifferences in wages and technology between countries.the amount that the countries produce and the distance between them.the cultural affinity between the countries and the existence or lack of a common language.differences in the amount of workers and physical capital

11、 between countries.the tariff barriers between the countries and the costs of transportation.Evidence shows thatthe effect of borders is not important when comparing international trade with trade between regions within a country.the amount of trade that a country undertakes is not related to its ge

12、ography.countries farther apart have less trade between them on average.the amount of trade between countries is not related to the cultural affinity between the countries.has shown that international borders no longer affect the amount of tradethe amount of US trade reached its peak in 1950.between

13、 countries.has reduced tariffs and other trade restrictions among British Columbia, Manitoba and Ontario.has reduced the usefulness of the gravity model.has shown that cultural ties are more important in determining the amount of trade between countries than tariff rates.has reduced tariffs and othe

14、r trade restrictions among Canada, Mexico and the US.tWrahdilee, technologies have reduced the negative effect that distance has on trade,the effects of the Internet and airplanes on trade have been negligible.the effect of international borders has not been reduced through trade agreements.politica

15、l factors have historically been more influential in determining the amount of trade than available technologies.cultural clashes have recently reduced the amount of US trade compared to the amount of trade in 1950.trade was a smaller part of the US and UK economies in 1995 than it was in 1950.Most

16、international trade today is classified as trade inmanufacturedproducts.agricultural products. dairy products.services.mineral products.In contrast to 50 years ago, most exports from low and middle income countries are now classified asmanufactured products. services.mineral ducts.Approx

17、imately what percent of US jobs are classified as non-tradable such that they can not be effectively moved to a foreign location?5%10% 25%406060%Service outsourcing refers to the case in whicha firm exports out of a country rather than selling products within a country.consumers find out the source

18、of where services are rendered.a firm moves part of its services out of the domestic country.exports are promoted through subsidies and price supports.a firm imports from another country rather than buying products from within a domestic country.Gross domestic product measuresthe total value of all

19、final goods and services produced within an economy.the gross weight of products that are imported into a domestic country.the gross profits from all final goods and services produced in an economy.country.the gross weight of products that are exported from a domesticthe gross profits from products

20、that are exported from a domesticcountry.Chapter 3: Labor Productivity andComparative Advantage: TheRicardian ModelThe Ricardian modelaccounts for only one industry in each country.accounts for only one factor of production.predicts that differences in endowments of factors of production lead to tra

21、de.predicts that countries with cultural ties trade more.predicts that trade will occur even if countries are identical.it can produce shoes at a lower relative cost than other countries can.the productivity of workers in the shoe industry in Country A is higher than in other countries.it can produc

22、e shoes using fewer resources than other countries can.it has more factors of production used in the production of shoes relative to other countries.The Ricardian model predicts that gains from trade occuronly if both countries have an absolute advantage in the industry in which they specialize.only

23、 if countries do not specialize completely.only if a country has an absolute advantage in production.for both countries that trade with each other.Suppose that Country A has 5000 units of labor services and that it takes 50 units of labor services to produce one computer and 1 unit to create a Web p

24、age. What is the opportunity cost of producing a Web page?10 computers not produced100 computers not produced0.0002 computers not produced50 computers not produced0.02 computers not producedSuppose that the opportunity cost of producing computers in Country A is 50 Web pages not produced and in Coun

25、try B is 10 Web pages not produced. Under these conditions, the Ricardian model predicts thatCountry A will export computers and import Web pages.the pattern of trade is uncertain until wages are determined.Country A will export Web pages and import computers.trade will not occur.Country A has the c

26、omparative advantage in producingWhich of the following is NOT an assumption in the Ricardian model?Labor productivity in each country is fixed.Each country uses only one factor of production.Labor can freely move across countries.The amount of each factor of production is fixed.Markets are competit

27、ive.Computer sWeb pagesCountry A501Country B1001Suppose that Country A has 100 units of labor services and Country B has 200 units of labor services and that both countries produce computers and Web pages. The unit labor requirements are shown in the table:If both countries specialize completely in

28、producing the good in which they have a comparative advantage, then the supply of computers relative to Web pages will be:0.005 (or 1/200)0.01 (or 1/100)0.013 (or 1/75)0.02 (or 1/50)It is impossible to determine without knowing the relative price ofcomputers in terms of Web pages.Suppose that Countr

29、y A has 100 units of labor services and Country B has 200 units of labor services and that both countries produce computers and Web pages. The unit labor requirements are shown in the table:Computer sWeb pagesCountry A501Country B1001At which of the following relative prices of computers in terms of

30、 Web sites will Country B produce both goods under free trade?0.0125100It is impossible to tell without the information on labor endowments in each country.According to the Ricardian model, the relative prices of goods when countries trade is determined byrelative demand and relative supply in each

31、trading country.relative opportunity costs in the two countries.relative wages.relative demand and relative supply in world markets.relative exports and importsCountries that have increased trade have seen their wages rise over timerelative to U.S. wages.Countries that have increased trade have seen

32、 their wages fall over time relative to U.S. wages.Trade has generally helped poor countries but hurt rich countries.Trade has generally made rich countries less rich.Trade has generally made poor countries even poorer.11. Suppose a country is the most efficient producer of every good that is traded

33、. The Ricardian trade model suggests which of the following?选择一个答案a. This country cannot gain from trade.b. This country can gain from trade only if its government subsidizes the production of goods in which it is relatively inefficient.c. his country can gain from trade only if its government subsi

34、dizes the production of goods in which it is relatively efficient.d. This country can gain from trade if it specializes in the production of goods in whichit is relatively efficient.Chapter 4: ResourcesComparative Advantage, andIncome Distributionmore people lose from trade than gain from trade.the

35、welfare of those who lose from trade is more important than thewelfare of those who gain from trade.those who lose from trade want to punish those who gain from trade.those who lose from trade are already very poor.those who lose from trade are more politically organized that those whogain from trad

36、e.The change in income distribution from trade affects trade policy becauseof the assumption that tariffs increase the welfare of both producers and consumers.trade restrictions increase when imports increase.those who gain from trade can compensate those who lose from trade.of the assumption that e

37、xports exceed imports.A good is labor intensive in the Heckscher-Ohlin model ifit uses more labor than land in production.it uses a relatively low land to labor ratio in production compared to that of another good.it uses more land than labor in production.it uses a high land to labor ratio in produ

38、ction compared to that of another good.it uses only labor in production.If cloth production is labor intensive and food production is land intensive, what would be the result of a decrease in the price of food in the Heckscher-Ohlin model?The real wage will rise in terms of both goods, and the real

39、income of land owners will rise in terms of both goods.The real wage will rise in terms of both goods, and the real income of land owners will fall in terms of both goods.The real wage will fall in terms of both goods, and the real income of land owners will rise in terms of both goods.The real wage

40、 will rise in terms of both goods, and the real income of land owners will fall in terms of food and rise in terms of cloth.The real wage will rise in terms of both goods, and the real income of land owners will rise in terms of food and fall in terms of cloth.What does the Heckscher-Ohlin model pre

41、dict about the pattern of trade?Each country specializes in production of goods that use its abundant resource intensively.The pattern of trade depends on cultures between countries.Each country sells abundant factors of production.Each country specializes in production of goods that use availablete

42、chnology most efficiently.The pattern of trade between countries depends on the size of their economies and the distance between them.According to the Heckscher-Ohlin model, how is income redistributed as a result of trade?The owners of abundant factors of production gain, but the effect on the owne

43、rs of scarce factors of production is ambiguous.The owners of all factors of production gain, but unemployed people lose.Income distribution does not change because each member of society benefits from trade.The owners of scarce factors of production lose, and the owners of abundant factors of produ

44、ction gain.The owners of abundant factors of production lose, and the owners of scarce factors of production gain.The Heckscher-Ohlin model predicts that prices of factors of production equalize across countries. But we do not observe factor price equalization principally because:Factors of producti

45、on are not mobile across countries.Equilibrium in world markets occurs when relative supply matches relativeDifferences in production capacities lead to trade.Prices of factors of production equalize across countries.The productive capacity of an economy can be represented by the production possibil

46、ities frontier.Terms of trade is defined as:The tariffs on a countrys imports divided by the tariffs imposed by other countries on its exports.The price of a countrys imports divided by the price of its exports.The price of a good at which countries agree to trade.The price of a countrys exports div

47、ided by the price of its imports.The tariffs imposed by other countries on a countrys exports divided by the tariffs on a countrys imports.off.Export-biased growth makes the economy worse off.Import-biased growth makes the economy worseAll types of biased growth make the economy worse off.Import-bia

48、sed growth makes the economy better off.be worse off.experience a decrease in its terms of trade.experience immiserizing growthexperience an increase in its terms of trade.What is the transfer problem?Negative effects on a countrys productive capacity when that country transfers money to others.Rich

49、 countries do not transfer a sufficient amount of money to poor countries.The possibility that international transfers can affect the terms of trade.The relative world supply of petroleum remains constant and the relative world demand of petroleum falls.A tariff on imports or a subsidy on exports ca

50、n lead to a decline in theinternal price of the good.Export-biased growth that worsens the terms of trade.An export subsidy can increase the terms of trade.A transfer recipient might be hurt as a result of the transfer because of a decrease in the terms of trade.An import tariff can decrease the ter

51、ms of trade.Transfers will usually improve the recipients terms of trade becausethe money is applied specifically to exporting sectors.countries tend to spend more on domestically-produced goods.donors tend to have a high marginal propensity to spend on imports.they are always accompanied by relevan

52、t trade restrictions.the money is applied specifically to import-competing sectors.Which of the following is NOT true?According to the standard trade model, the owners of some factors of production benefit from trade while others lose.An export subsidy worsens the terms of trade.Improvements in the

53、terms of trade improve a countrys welfare.An import tariff worsens the terms of trade.The Metzler paradox is not likely to occur in practice.1 chapter 6 分数: 11. Why do internal economies of scale imply imperfect competition? 选择一个答案a. Patent laws prevent firms from entering the market.b. Large firms

54、have cost advantages over small firms.c. Product differentiation allows firms to charge high prices.d. There are barriers to entry due to large fixed costs.e. This is an observation based on measurable data.2分数: 12. In the monopolistically competitive model scale,选择一个答案with internal economies ofa. t

55、rade increases the profits of firms in the industry.b. trade increases the variety of goods available to consumers in the importing country.c. trade decreases the profits of firms in the industry.d. trade increases the variety of goods available to consumers in each country. e. trade increases the variety of goods available to consumers in the exportingcountry.3 分数: 13. Which of the following is NOT true about intra-industry trade?选择一个答案a. It results from economies of scale.b. It is predicted to occur in monopo