简析国内证券市场引入信用交易体制

1、翻译补充练习21 其实，全球后工业化过程中，看看上海浦东、吉隆坡双子塔和美国世贸废墟等为“第一高楼”争得打破头，看看一幢楼里一模一样的房子高一层即贵一万元，便可明白人类这种登高望远的野心。即使“上九天揽月”也不再是嫦娥或库布里克的奥德赛之梦了，从加加林的首航和阿姆斯特朗的“一小步”，到美国富翁狄托那次昂贵却货真价实的太空旅游，人类才花了二十几年。据说两年内将启动的Sub-Orbital Flights子轨道飞行，每人只需5万美金就可以预定座位了。如果张雨生还活着的话，想去月球他就去吧。不远行者没有未来译文：In fact, it is quite easy to understand the

2、wish of human being “to be the highest” when we see the fierce competition for the “highest one” among the high buildings in Pudong, the Twin Tower in Kuala Lumpur, and the ruins of the World Trade Center, or when we are shocked by the sharp increase in price for the same houses at different stories

3、 in a building. To travel in the outer space is not longer something absolutely impossible- it only after 20 years later since Gagarins first navigation in the outer space and Armstrongs “little step” there that Ditto, an American rich man, took his expensive but real travel in space. It is said the

4、 Sub-Orbital Flights Subtrack Flight to be launched within 2 years will only charge 50 thousand dollars for the reservation from each passenger. If Zhang Yusheng, a famous singer in China, was still alive, he could realize his dream of visiting the moon. 2 有观点就必然有差异，即使是不同的声音在媒体中也都拥有了发表的空间（凤凰卫视的时事辩论会

5、节目中，拥战派和反战派的嘉宾就吵得不亦乐乎）。这充分证明适当地拓广舆论空间，并不会打破一个社会的秩序和稳定。相反恰恰是在不同观点的冲撞中，使得公众得以从不同的角度接受信息、思考问题，而一种平衡的舆论机制正在潜移默化中自发形成。海湾大战中的传媒较量-薇露的血为谁而流译文：The differences in opinions are something that can not be avoided. The mass media offers that area of argumentation (in Current Affairs sponsored by Phoenix Satellit

6、e Television Station, those for and against the war against Iraq had a heated debate.) By that, the practice of reasonably expanding the space for mass opinions was fully proved doing little harm to the social order and stability. Instead, the general public can get information and consider the situ

7、ation in a comprehensive way because of the existence of large number of different ideas. As a result, a balanced mass opinion mechanism gradually comes into being. 3 上海在缩短与国际大都市硬件上的时差的成绩还体现在城市天际线的高度上。1932年，24层的上海国际饭店建成，当时号称远东第一高楼，并在50年内保持着上海第一高楼的身份，直到深圳超过了它，北京超过了它，上海自身以几千座摩天建筑超过了它。任何一座最高建筑最多只能“各领高度

8、三五年”，然后被更高的建筑取代，这种建筑的宿命与城市努力缩短国际时差的动机是一致的。上海时差译文：Shanghais progress in shorten the distance in infrastructures with the other metropolis can also be displayed in its high building. Shanghai International Hotel, a 24-stored-building ranking 1st in height in the Far East at that time, remained the hig

9、hest building in Shanghai for 50 years. Later, it was surpassed by those high buildings in Shenzhen and Beijing, and similarly by the thousands of skyscrapers in Shanghai. Today, any building can only enjoy its fame of being the highest one for about 3-5 years, and then will be replaced by some othe

10、r higher as the highest ones. Consequently, that fact makes endless the efforts made by the city to reduce its differences with the other cities.4 据说外国人都奇怪为何中国人用电视遥控器总爱加一个遥控器套，我们自己分析估计有以下几点：1、遥控器是样神奇而伟大的东西，所以要以敬神的态度来保护；2、怕坏怕摔，中国人的家里总是小孩很多，小孩不看重遥控器；3、认为没了遥控器就没了电视机，中国人经不起失去；4、怕沾油，中国人热爱在餐桌上按遥控器看电视。遥控器套

11、显示着阶层的档次，这是大多数正在小康中的家庭的标志符号。电视机前的中国阶层分析译文：It is said the foreign people can never understand why the Chinese people should keep their remote controller of the televisions in a sheath. We believe there are mainly three reasons. First, the remote controller is something mysterious and great asking for

12、 pious protection; secondly, it is something vulnerable. The Chinese families are characterized by their large number of children who are not so respectful towards the remote controller; thirdly, the remote controller is believed to be something inseparable with the television, and thus can not be a

13、fforded to lose. Fourthly, the remote controller can not bear the least contamination of oil while the Chinese people like to watch television when eating. The sheath for the remote controller, a symbol for the particular status in China, offers a good evidence for China on its way to the well-off c

14、ountry. 5 2003年的上海不再是一个怀旧的上海，在成功申办2010年世博会之后，现今的上海是一个生机勃勃、直冲向前的上海。那股子浸入骨髓的怀旧情绪也自然而然地化作了中国第一个真正意义上的国际化大都市的陪衬，它止于怀旧而致力于给更多的外来者提供梦想。与之相对的北京，经过了2001、2002年的激情燃烧、城区也扩建到六环，此时此刻重温所剩不多的物质回忆自然也就在情理之中。怀旧文化车轮战：上海下台，北京开唱译文：The Shanghai in 2003 is no longer a city with nothing but a good history. After it succeed

15、ed in winning the bidding for the holding of the Expo 2010, the Shanghai of today is a city full of vitality and well on its way ahead. The nostalgia(reminiscence) that used to sink in（渗入）its residents has naturally become invisible here in Shanghai, now a real international city offering dreams for

16、 more and more immigrants. Comparatively, Beijing, enjoyed its prime time(黄金时段) in the years 2001 and 2002 when its city proper was expanded until the 6th ring road. Given that（可加适当的连词）, it is quite easy to understand why Beijing is rather nostalgic(reminiscent) about its prosperous past. 6 由于市场环境和市

17、场发育的原因，中国品牌的整体实力尚不能与国外的名牌相抗衡，而LOGO正是品牌力量薄弱的表现之一。看到IBM的LOGO，立刻就会联想到高价、优质的计算机，这主要是因为IBM这个品牌的成功，让IBM的LOGO具有渗透力，消费者将更多的信息与这个LOGO联系在了一起。中国的LOGO之弱同样也反映了中国品牌在竞争中的某种弱势。中国LOGO病译文：Because of the poor environment of market and the resultant underdevelopment market, the home brands can not compete with those fo

18、reign ones yet. LOGO is something taking the value of the product being advertised. The LOGO “IBM” reminds people of the expensive and high-quality computer. That is mainly because the success of “IBM” makes the consumers attribute more to the LOGO “IBM”. The plainness also reflects the poor positio

19、n taken by the Chinese brands in competition. 7 早就知道有可视电话，但中国家庭的电话基本上不可视；拍下那么多照片，一直要通过网络才能传输；发了那么多条短信，只不过训练了手机打字直到彩信出现。彩信延伸了读图时代的影像(其实也就是进行了读图的改革)，所要做的仅仅是点播，然后等待传送，观看。可以点播某个主持人的电视节目，点播MTV，把手机上的摄影头（inset camera on the handset）拍的图片即时发送出去这已经越来越不像是一部电话了。通讯，就这样一步步惊艳起来。2002年十大惊艳It is well known that video

20、 telephone exists, but seldom were we told that somebody in China owned such a telephone in his family. We have long sent the e-photos via the Internet. We did send many short messages, but nothing but our typing was improved. All that changed when MMS came.MMS revolutionized our way in enjoying pic

21、tures in that we should do nothing but take the photos, through the inset camera on the handset, of such materials as some program or MTV on television and then send them to be enjoyed by our friends. Today, the mobile phones cease to be the mere telephones. In such a way telecommunication became im

22、pressive. 8 一条黄浦江将上海分成了浦东浦西，每到晨昏时分，数不清的人像候鸟般做着每天一次的频繁迁徙，在一边休憩，到另一边觅食。在贯穿浦江两岸的地铁二号线里，上下班高峰期时，整个列车像是由一节节巨大的罐头连接而成的腊肠，想在人堆里保持体面是一件相当不容易的事情，每当此时，陆家嘴总是一个让人期待的站台。如果是下班，从浦西卷过来的人浪在这里已经逐渐衰落，如果是上班，此时的车厢还没有那么拥挤。更为重要的是，因为总是能够看到这个城市里打扮得最为光鲜的职业人群在这里出现，和地铁上空那些属于未来的建筑一样，他们总是能够让人联想起这个城市的最为光明的一面-他们都是这座城市的新兴阶层，职业经理人、专

23、业人士、高级白领，和各种各样的中产。上海：地铁之内地铁之外译文：Shanghai is divided into two parts by the Huangpu River. Between its two sides, large number of commuters is traveling like the migratory birds with one side being their working place. Down in the subway in Line 2 which links the two sides of the Huangpu River, people

24、 find it really hard to remain decent at the rush hour when they crowed in the can-like cabins. Liujiazui becomes a station to be expected in that it is not crowed there after the majority of passengers have got off on their way home, or before many people get on the train heading towards their work

25、ing places. Whats more, here we can expect to see the most decent labors- those rising to be in the upper class, such as the CEOs, professionals, top white-collars and the other people in the middle class, in this city, who, together with those modern buildings, show us the most wonderful scene of t

26、he city. 9 不管你是否意识到，汽车已融入了你的生活；不管你是否拥有一辆爱车，香车已装饰了你的梦。汽车代表的不仅仅是一辆有4个轮子的交通工具了，还是一种新生活态度。而且，汽车广告早已不像“有山必有路，有路必有车”那么简单了。单纯卖车已经没有多少人会买你的账了。汽车商在售卖汽车之前，先要把一种与车相关的新生活方式卖给你。和新生活一起兜风去Private cars have penetrated into your life no matter whether you have noticed that. They appeared in your dreams even if you d

27、o not have one now. Today, cars cease to be a kind of simple transportation vehicles. Instead, they come to show your attitude to life. Likewise, the simple advertisement sentence for cars like “On every road, there is a some car.” can not do today. If cars are sold simply as transportation vehicles

28、, nobody would have the least intention to buy them. It is absolutely necessary to “sell” you a new type of lifestyle related with private cars before the distributors can succeed in selling their cars. 10 私家车与商品房在争夺人们心中消费第一支出的位置，这本身就是对传统安居乐业观念的超越与颠覆。买商品房是一种相当静态的保值型投资，这种不动产提供的封闭空间，客观上将人的生活固定在一种保守的模式

29、上；而买车是一种积极的动态投资，就汽车本身来说会越来越贬值，但在社交的意义和精神需要上，它能自由地将人带往很远的地方和更大的圈子，使人与城市产生更活跃的交流。汽车就是我们的身体语言The fact that private cars are competing with commodity houses to be the first consideration in peoples consumption itself shows that the traditional idea of sticking to a certain place is challenged. The purch

30、ase of commodity houses is a kind of inflation proof investment. By limiting people in an isolated space, houses provide a type of conservative lifestyle. The purchase of private cars, however, is greatly different in that the private cars can easily take people to remoter places and into larger soc

31、ieties to have a wider communication in the city, no matter socially or spiritually, although the cars begin to devalue the very moment people buy them. 11 电子邮箱收费已经成了潮流，想当初网站们战战兢兢地宣布，明天我要收费了被网民骂得狗血喷头；而网络游戏开口向玩家要钱，确实是周瑜打黄盖，一个愿打一个愿挨尽管有些游戏运营商也够黑的业界对网络游戏对玩家的黏度很有信心，昱泉总经理李慈泉就说：“就怕你不来玩，来了你就跑不掉。”网络游戏：网络经济救生

32、圈To charge for the use of email boxes has become a practice well accepted. That is in sharp contrast with the past when the various websites were blamed fiercely by the netizens simply because these websites attempted to charge the email box services. The cyber games operators followed a different w

33、ay by charging for their service the very moment the players begin to use them. Despite of the existence of some bad operators, the players are satisfied with most operators and are ready to pay for their consumption. Websites are fully confident of the attraction of their games. “The only worry of

34、us is that you do not want to try the cyber games, because you can never give it up once you have begun.” Li Ciquan, general manager of Yiquan said. 12 短信息带来的文明革命的典型图景在日本。东京地铁与街头每天出现的景象足以让社会学家和心理学家都瞠目结舌：成千上万的人群，既有那些染着各种颜色头发的少年人，也有背负家庭责任的主妇以及一辆严肃的办公室一族，都不约而同拿地着各种颜色手机，不断地用拇指在手机上按动，对于他们来说，通过手机进入移动运营商Do

35、CoMo提供的平台，就能上网闲聊、交换电子邮件和照片、收听音乐、算命、玩游戏、定约会，甚至是买鲜花和卖股票。事实上，这已经不仅仅是一种时尚，而是日本人在十年经济低迷之后为自己找到的一种最合适的沟通、娱乐和生活方式。拇指脑震荡SMS enjoys the greatest revolution in Japan. Sociologists and psychologists are shocked at the scene down in the subway or up on the streets in Tokyo: thousands of people, the young with t

36、heir hair dyed in different colors, the housewives tending for the whole family, and the salarymen with their serious appearance, are busy with their pressing on the buttons of the various mobile phones(可免去用not only but also 的句型).After getting to the platform provides by DoCoMo, the mobile operator,

37、 they can, on the net, chat, send or receive emails, exchange photos, listen to music, have fortune-telling, play games, make appointments, or even buy flowers or sell stocks. In fact, SMS ceases to be something merely fashionable. Instead, it offers one of the best ways of communication, entertainm

38、ent and lifestyle. 13 今日在外滩这些百年大楼内办公的新一代白领，无疑是上海最上层最精英的白领一族，月入六、七千元以上的比比皆是，万元上下的也不足为奇。他们大多是年轻的俊男美女，加之上海人从来有讲究生活质素的传统，这些人只要拿出一半的工资用来买衣服，再加现今上海人大多是独生子女，毋需拿钱补贴家用，他们完全可以十分潇洒地进行高消费香港人的上海外滩情结Today, a new generation of the white-collars in the age-old buildings on the Bund obviously belongs to the top elit

39、e with a salary of 6 to 7 thousand yuan, or even up to 10 thousand yuan. They can easily afford their high consumption with half of their salary because they, with most of them being the young, follow the tradition of the Shanghai people in striving for a quality life; and because they are the only

40、children in their families and thus do not have to give money to their parents.14 外滩作为一个名称，起源于1843年西方殖民者在上海黄浦江滩地修筑的马路，称为bund,中文翻译即为外滩。其实，比上海外滩历史更悠久的有宁波外滩，和上海类似的有武汉外滩，而承担和上海外滩相同功能的地方更是不胜枚举。但由于上海独特的地理位置、经济地位和历史背景，使上海外滩几乎在相当长的一段时间独享了“外滩”所有的荣耀，其他的 小兄弟们皆被历史所渐渐淡忘。造滩运动The name “waitan” came from the road c

41、alled “bund” (“waitan” in Chinese) built by the westerner colonists on the bottomland along the Huangpu River in Shanghai in 1843. In fact, the Bund in Shanghai is no older than the Bund in Ninbo, has the same history with that in Wuhan, and is not distinctive from many other places functioning in t

42、he same way. However, it enjoys exclusively all the glamour associated with the name “waitan” for a long time and leaves all the other “Bund” far behind because of the unique geographical location, economic position and historical background. 15 毫无疑问，20世纪70年代成长于一个承前启后的年代。他们站在一个割裂的缝隙中，从一个大的板块跳往另一个大的板

43、块。他们的每一步成长都伴随着新的板块的形成，每一个环节都细微地嵌合在时代前行的车轮中。或许，就像越是生长在变化的环境中生物的生命力越强一样，“七十年代”至少具备了很强的适应和生存能力。“生于七十年代”的现在进行时It is no doubt that those born in 1970s grew up in an age connecting those ages before and after. They jumped between the gaps of various ages, while new ages are forming and ready there for the

44、m to jump onto. Those people, just like the creatures having a great vitality after having living in the ever-changing environment for a long time, are quite good at adapting themselves to the new environments and survive there.16 在当代中国城市的高歌猛进中，我们至少能发现我们的城市正在从三个方向消灭街道眼的存在：一是“国际城市”、“中心城市”的远大目标。这种目标往往

45、与城区拓展同步，着迷于城市的空间效果和城市外观，追求大而新、洋而超前的样板气质，打着为了“我们城市的未来”的旗号，忽略了对城市“人”的生活的真正重视。城市中心丧失多样性和居住意义，大路朝天车轮滚滚，街道交流以及街道安全感再无觅处。译文：In Chinas efforts to build more modern cities, the traditional living quarters are disappearing because of the following 3 reasons:First, that is because of the long-term aim in buil

46、ding the so-called “international cities”, or “central cities”. Usually accompanied by the expansion of the city proper, that aim, with the banner of “striving for the future of our city”, puts more emphasis on the space effect and the outlook of the city, thus overlooking the real need of the city

47、dwellers. With the loss of diversity and any single living place, the city center has become a place simple for transportation, no longer providing us the communication and security we used to enjoy there. 二是住宅郊区化。虽然居住水平从技术指标上提高了，但出行高度依赖汽车，郊区居民被圈禁在小社区之内，丧失了城市里丰富多彩的生活选择的自由，丧失了在熙熙攘攘的人流中漫步、发呆、看人、被看的自由，

48、丧失了与其他社区的居民随机地邂逅交流的机会。这时，动辄几万平方米的社区会所，只起着丰富业余生活的意义，并非有效的公共生活空间。Secondly, that is because of the concentration of living quarters in the suburbs. Technically, higher living standards are available there, but private cars become something of great necessity for the movement over long distance. As a re

49、sult, the dwellers there, restrained in their limited societies, can no longer enjoy the free choice of the diversified life in the city center; find it impossible to stroll, remain motionless, examine the other people, or be examined in the crowed city center; and lost the opportunity to communicat

50、e with some other residents they came across. So the community in the suburbs, though as wide as tens of thousands of square meters, acts as nothing but a subsidiary area instead of an effective space for the public life. 三是旧城更新工程。城区的一切都被最大效益化，商业思维示范和操纵着一切，老街区老房子如果没有文物价值，则必死无葬身之地。在“规划”的名义下，近代街区里的居民响

51、应城市的号召搬迁住进新楼房，在被经济承受能力过滤成身份地位彼此相近阶层的城市一隅，丧失了相遇与碰撞出火花的更多可能。概念城市之街道眼Thirdly, that is because of the reconstruction of the old city proper. Judged by the commercial consideration, the single standard, everything in the city proper was squeezed for its maximum commercial value. Old streets or ancient bu

52、ildings, once judged lack of historic value, can count their days of being demolished. Believing in the “great significance of a reasonable layout of the city proper”, the residents used to live in the city center respond to move out to the new buildings in the suburbs. Screened and divided by their

53、 economical status, they end up with living with those similar to them economically, thus losing the possibility of coming across the differences necessary for the birth of new and better ideas. 17 麦当劳不仅把中国人带进一种新的餐饮方式，还使他们接受一种新的行为举止。这些行为举止表明，他们在接受麦当劳快餐的同时，也逐步接受伴随而来的外国餐桌行为文化。这种餐桌行为文化简洁地依靠一股温暖的纯黄便体现出来，这使中国人对这种外来饮食模式空前认同。于是，试图将中餐与麦当劳分店形式结合起来的尝试出现了，我们也在各大城市里看到了各种中餐连锁店。它们的色调是橙色的，正如红加上黄。专家们研究表明，橙色是最能勾起食欲的颜色。无怪乎中西合璧之后的餐饮行当，无不是取调于这二者的均衡。时尚生活的红+X方案Besides brought about a new way of dining to Chinese people, MacDonalds introduced a brand