人教版英语八年级下册单元知识点总结

1、精品文档unit 1 whats the matter?1. whats the matter? 怎么了？若是询问“某人怎么了 ?”要用“whats the matter with sb.?”拓展：whats the matter with sb.?的同义句：whats wrong with sb.? / whats the trouble with sb.?中考再现： hi, john. _?its lucy, my dog. her leg is hurt.a. how are you b. whats the matterc. whos that d. whats lucy like2.

2、 疾病类短语 :. have a +疾病. e.g. :have a fever 发烧 have a cold 感冒 have a cough 咳嗽 . have a +身体部位-ache. e.g.: have a headache 头痛 have a toothache 牙痛 . have a sore+身体部位 . e.g.: have a sore throat 咽喉痛 have a sore back 背痛中考再现： mom, i_.i m sorry to hear that, dear. we must go to see the dentist right away. a. h

3、ave a headache b. have a stomachachec. have a toothache d. have a fever3. lie down 躺下 v. 躺，平躺。现在分词是 lying. e.g.: dont lie in bed all morning! 拓展：lie 的词性和含义总结. v. 位于，坐落在。 e.g.: japan lies to the east of china.v. 撒谎，说谎。lie to sb. 对某人撒谎。e.g.: dont believe her because she always lies. n. 谎言。 tell lies/a

4、 lie 说谎。e.g.: you shouldnt tell lies to your parents.注意含义过去式过去分词躺，平躺 位于，坐落在 撒谎，说谎lay lainlied lied4. if 引导的条件状语从句时，主将从现。中考再现：stop smoking, joe! you _yourself if you keep on doing it like that. a. will kill b. have killed c. kill d. killed5.see sb. doing sth.see sb. do sth.表示“看到某人正在做某事”，强调动 作正在进行表示“看

5、到某人做某事”，强调动作经 常发生或看到某个动作发生的全过程e.g.: we saw the boy playing computer games. .精品文档we often see the boy play computer games.we saw the boy lock the door and walk out of the room.when i walked through the playground, i saw my friends _football. a. play b. to play c. playing d. is playing6. get 短语get up

6、起来，起床 get to(=reach, arrive in/at)到达 get on 上车get off 下车 get into 陷入，参与 get in 进入，到达 get back 回来get ready (for.) (为.)做准备 get on well with sb. 和某人和睦相处7. to ones surprise 令某人惊讶的是； surprise 是名词，惊讶，惊奇。8. have trouble/difficulty doing sth. 做某事时遇到困难。i always have much trouble _english words. can you give

7、me some advice? a. to remember b. remember c. remembering9. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事。 e.g.: they are used to living in the big city. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事。 e.g.：he used to play football, but now helikes playing basketball.10. take risks/a risk. 冒险。risk v. 冒险。11. .run out 用完，用尽，主语通常是“时间，金钱，食物”等无

8、生命的东西。 e.g.：all the money ran out.run out of 用完，主语通常是人。 e.g.：we have run out of our pocket money.12. off 短语： turn off 关闭，关掉 take off 起飞，脱掉 put off 推迟，拖延get off 下车 give off 发出，散发 set off 出发中考再现： we have to _the bike ride because of the bad weather.a. put off b. turn off c. take off d. get off13. . im

9、portant adj. 重要的 unimportant adj.不重要的 importance n. 重要性 中考再现 from the show running man, we can learn the _of team spirit.make a decision=decide 后接不定式，“做出决定，决定 .”i made a big_ to stop doing my job for a few months.be in control of 掌管，控制 out of control 脱离控制中考再现： the car was out of _and hit a tree by t

10、he road.a. danger b. breath c. control d. practice14. .keep (on)doing sth. 继续做某事，坚持做某事。中考再现： he kept _so that he could be in health.a. exercise b. exercising c. to exercise.give up “放弃”代词放中间 give up doing sth. 放弃做某事中考再现 :no matter how hard it is, dont_. things will be better in the .精品文档future.a. gi

11、ve out b. give up c. give away15. 重难点全解：情态动词 should should 的用法作情态动词时，表责任和义务，意为“应当，应该 ”,可用于任何人称。 肯定句 主语 +should+ 动词原形+其他否定句 主语 +should not/shouldnt+动原 +其他一般疑问句 should+主语+动原 +其他?特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 +should+主语+动词原形？近义表达： ought to /be supposed to do翻译：现在你应该戒烟了。16. 易错易混全解too many 表示“太多”，修饰可数名词的复数too much 表示“太多”，

12、修饰不可数名词much too 表示“太”，修饰形容词或副词the meat is _expensive and eating _meat isn t good for our health.a.too much, much too b. too much, too muchc. much too, too much d. much too, too manybecause 是连词，“因为，由于”，引导原因状语从句because of 是介词短语，“因为，由于”，后跟名词、代词或动名词 millie made a few mistakes in the exam _her carelessne

13、ss.a.because b. so that c. as a result d. because ofdie v. “死，去世，逝世”dead adj. “死的，死亡的 ”death n. “死，死亡 ”中考再现： lei feng _for many years, but his spirit is still encouraging us. a. died b. has died c. was dead d. has been dead.精品文档unit 2 ill help to clean up the city parks.1.hope to do sth. 希望做某事， 含 ho

14、pe to do sth. 的句子可以转换为宾语从句。 eg: i hope to pass the exam.=i hope that i can pass the exam.agree to do sth.decide to do sth.refuse to do sth.remember to do sth.forget to do sth.try to do sth.want to do sth.2.“动词 +up”的短语小结：同意做某事 决定做某事 拒绝做某事 记得做某事 忘记做某事 尽力做某事 想要做某事clean up 打扫干净 cut up 切碎 grow up 长大 set

15、up 熬夜 set up 建立，设立 stay up 熬夜 wake up 醒来，叫醒 take up 占用 give up 放弃 use up 用完 cheer up 使振作起来，使高兴起来（代词必须放中间） put up 搭建，张贴 make up 组成，编造 end up 最终成为，最后处于中考再现： many volunteers will help to _the city parks next parks next friday. a. give up b. pick up c. clean up3. give out：发出，放出（热，光等）the sun gives out li

16、ght and heat to the earth 用完，耗尽 we had just reached home when the petrol gave out. 公布，发表 the news of the event was given out over the radio.4. give 的短语： give away 捐赠，赠给 give up 放弃 give back 归还give off 发出，放出 give in 让步，屈服 give sb. sth. =give sth. to sb.给某人某物 5.put off doing sth.推迟做某事 e.g.: we cant pu

17、t off making a plan.常见的 put 短语：put on 穿上，戴上 put out 熄灭，扑灭 put up 搭起，升起， 张贴 put up with 容忍 put away 收起来中考再现 :they heard the party was _because of the exam.e up with 提出，想出（答案，计划等）he _many ideas to solve these problem already.7.used to 变否定句或疑问句时常借助助动词 did.肯定句 主语 +used to+动词原形.否定句 主语 +didnt use to+动词原形.

18、肯定答语 yes,主语 +did.一般疑问句否定答语 no,主语 +didnt.8. care 的延伸 :派生词:careful 小心的 carefully 小心地 careless 粗心的 carelessly 粗心地 短语：care for 照顾，喜欢 care about 关心，在意 take care 小心 take care of.精品文档照顾，照料9.such+ a/an+形容词 +名词=so+形容词+a/an+名词 “如此.”注意：当名词前有 many, much, few, little 修饰时，要用 so,而不用 such. 中考再现： we had _awful weath

19、er _we couldnt finish the work on time.a. so, that b. such, that c. such an, that10. -ing 是名词后缀。e.g.：reading 阅读 writing 写作 spelling 拼写 swimming 游泳 skating 滑冰 fishing 钓鱼 smoking 抽烟11.be satisfied/pleased with. 对. 满意 12.常见的“ take+介词/副词”短语：satisfaction n. 满意，满足take down 写下，拆除 take off 起飞，脱掉 take out 取出

20、，掏出 take over 接管 take away 带走 take up 占用 take back 收回 中考再现： i _my fathers wet shoes and washed his feet.a. took out b. took off c. took placetake in 吸收13.常见的“动词+away ”的短语： throw away 扔掉，丢弃 run away 逃跑 get away 逃离 pass away 逝世 keep away 离开，使不接近 take away 带走 go away 离开 put away 收起来 give away 捐赠 stay a

21、way 远离 -what are you doing, mum? -im _some old things for a yard sale. a. giving away b. hurrying up c. cleaning out d. walking into14. be similar to 和.相似 /类似15. 常考的不同时态的被动语态：e.g.: his dress is similar to mine in color.一般现在时 am/is/are +done一般过去时 was/were +done现在进行时 am/is/are being +done一般将来时 will be

22、 +doneam/is/are going to be +done现在完成时 have/has been +done中考再现： these model cars _in china in 2013.a. are made b. were made c. make d. made16.make it +adj.（+for sb.)+to do sth. 使某人做某事 .find it +adj. （+for sb.)+to do sth. 发现.怎么样17.be excited about 因.而兴奋不已 e.g.: we were excited about the good news. 同根

23、词：excite v. 使激动，使兴奋 excited adj.激动的，兴奋的（常用来修饰人） exciting adj.令人激动的，兴奋的 (常用来修饰事或物） excitement n.激动，兴奋they are _about the _news. a. excited, excitedb. exciting, exciting c. exciting, excited d. excited, exciting.精品文档18.could 的用法 :表建议，语气较委婉“可以” e.g.: you could help to clean the park. can 的过去式，表示过去具备的能力

24、。 e.g.: she couldnt dress herself untilfive.19.动词不定式的用法a.动词不定式的语法功能作主语 to learn english well is very important.=it is very important to learn english well.作表语 my job is to look after patients.作宾语 we want to go swimming.作宾语 she invited me to go to the concert.补足语作定语 i have something important to tell

25、 you.作状语 she got up early to catch the early bus.中考再现 :i was tired out, so i stopped the car _a short rest.a. have b. having c. to have d. had状语：状语是用于说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、 方式和伴随状况等的一种句法成份 .状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词 或短语来担当 .其位置一般放在句末 ,但也可放在句首或句中 .1. 副词是一种用来修饰动词 ,形容词,副词或全句的词 ,说明时间 ,地点,程度,方

26、式 等概念.he speaks english very well. 他英语说得非常好 . （very 是程度副词 ,用来修饰 well. very well 是修饰 speak 的程度状语）2.介词短语the boy was praised for his bravery. 那个男孩因为他的勇敢受到了表扬 .（for his bravery 在句中作原因状语）3.从句作状语if i am not busy tomorrow, i will play football with you. 如果我明天不忙 ,我将和 你一起踢足球 .（if i am not busy tomorrow 在句中作条

27、件状语）4. 不定式在句子中可以作目的状语.i come specially to see you. 我专门来看你 . （to see you 在句中充当目的状语） 5.分词作状语having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper.和他妻子吵架 后,他生气地地离家出走了 .（having had a quarrel 在句中作时间状语） reminded not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager left for the airport in a hurry. （remi

28、nded not to miss the flight at 15:20 在句中作时间状语）由于时间关系 ,所附例句有限 ,希望你能对状语有一个概要的了解.b.“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构动词不定式可以用在疑问词 what, how, when, where, which 等之后，作主语，宾 语，表语等。.精品文档e.g.: how to get there is a problem.（作主语）i dont know what to say.(作宾语）the question is how to learn english well.(作表语）中考再现： -its important for

29、 us to know _all the subjects.-yeah, group work is my favorite.a. how to study b. when to study c. which to study d. what to studyc.含动词不定式的常用搭配有些动词只能跟动词不定式作宾语 plan, hope, agree, decide 等。e.g.: we plan to go climbing.my father agreed to take us to the museum.they decide to join the swimming club.有些动词

30、后要跟动词不定式作宾语补足语：want sb. to do sth. tell sb.to do sth.encourage sb.to do sth.warn sb.to do sth.ask sb.to do sth. advise sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事 告诉某人做某事 鼓励某人做某事 警告某人做某事 请求某人做某事 建议某人做某事中考再现 :we advise parents _their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger. a. leaving b. not to leave

31、 c. leave d. to leave20.repair, mend, fix 区别repair 意为 “修理”，修理的对象着重于破损，毁坏或发生故障不能正常使 用的物体。 e.g. : when i got home, my brother was repairing his radio.mend 意为“修理”，修理的对象是一些琐碎的物品。如粘贴的小用具，玩 具，要缝补的衣物等。 e.g.：my kite is broken. can you mend it？fix 意为“修理”，强调校准，校正。e.g.: hes outside fixing the brakes in the car

32、.21.alone, lonely 区别alone 可以作形容词，副词，强调独自一人，没有同伴。作形容词时，在 句中多用作表语或宾语补足语，不能作定语。lonely 只能作形容词，意为“孤独的，寂寞的”带有一定的感情色彩i was alone, but i did not feel lonely.中考再现 :she lives _in a small village, but she didnt feel _.a. lonely, lonely b. alone, lonely c. lonely, alone22.open, close, turn on, turn offopen 用于能直

33、接打开或关上的东西，如：门，窗，盒子，书closeturn on 用于需要通过按钮，遥控或旋转才能打开的东西，如：电器（灯，电 turn off 视，电脑）或水龙头 tap.精品文档23.bring, take, carry, fetchbring 意为“带来”，指把某人或某物从别的地方带到说话人处take 意为“带走 ”,指把某人或某物从说话人处带到别的地方carry 一般指 “随身携带 ”,此外多用于汽车，火车的交通工具时，表“运载”fetch表示“去取来”，口语中常用 get，表示“去某地取某物，再回来”，表双向动作 unite3 could you please clean your

34、room?1. “could you please do sth.? ”的答语以下两种情况：接受请求时 可以用 yes, sure./sure./of course./certainly./no problem./mypleasure./its my pleasure./with pleasure.等来回答拒绝请求时 可以用 sorry./sorry, i cant.等来回答，还可以用 i have to do sth.来解释原因其否定句是 :“could you please not do sth.?”2. 有关“家务劳动”有关的短语：take out the rubbish/trash 倒

35、垃圾 fold ones clothes 叠衣服sweep the floor 扫地 clean the room 打扫房间make ones /the bed 铺床 do the dishes/wash the dishes 洗餐具3. throw down 扔下 throw at 扔向，掷向 throw away 扔掉，丢弃中考再现： recycling is good, so dont _bottles or newspapers.a. find out b. hand in c. use up d. throw away4. the minute 表示“一 .就.”,相当于 as so

36、on as.(引导时间状语从句)e.g.: ill tell him the minute he gets there.5. 常见 time 的短语：all the time 一直，总是 at times 不时，有时 in time 及时 on time 按时 for thefirst time 第一次 in no time 立刻，马上 at any time 随时 at the same 同时have a good/great/wonderful time 玩的愉快 by the time 到.的时候中考再现： -hurry up. its almost time for school.-d

37、ont worry. we are sure to be at school_.a. at times b. on time c. all the time d. by the time中考再现： -hurry up. its almost time for school.-dont worry. we are sure to be at school_.aat times b. on time c. all the time d. by the time否定结构是 not as/soas,6. as .as 表示“和 .一样”，之间要用形容词或副词的原级。 e.g.: she is as t

38、all as her elder brother.中考再现： look! this house is as _as that one.a. the most beautiful b. more beautiful c. beautiful表示“不如 .,比不 上.”.精品文档7. so, neither 引导的倒装句结构用法so+助动词 /be 动词 /情态动词+主语 当前面叙述的肯定事实也适用于后者时neither+助动词/be 动词/情态动词+主 当前面叙述的否定事实也适用于后者语时中考再现： -i dont understand the story in the new unit. wh

39、at about you, bob? -_. a. neither i do b. neither do i c. so do i8. in surprise 惊讶地 e.g.: she looked at me in surprise.9. 宾语从句要用陈述句语序。 e.g.: she asked me why i liked cartoons.中考再现： -id like to know _. -maybe in the forest.a. whether we will go campingb. where we will go campingc. whether will we go

40、campingd. where will we go camping10. in order to “目的是，为了”，后跟动词原形。in order to do sth. 表示“为 了做某事”，否定结构是 in order not to do sth. “为了不做某事 ”。so that, in order that 表示“目的是，为了”，用来引导目的状语从句，可以转 换为含 to, in order to 的句子。中考再现 :in order _for the meeting, my sister forced herself to get up early this morning. a.

41、 not to be late b. not being late c. to be late d. being late11. provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb.表示“给某人提供某物”。中考再现： parents often _their children _some good advice.a. offer; with b. offer;/ c. provide; with d. both b and c12. “动词 +on”的短语： depend on/upon 依赖，依靠，取决于 ., 由.决定 get on 上车 turn on 打

42、开 come on 快点，加油 put on 穿上，上演call on 号召 pass on 传递 concentrate on 专心，集中精力中考再现： -mum, shall we go to the beach tomorrow?-it _ the weather.a. carries on b. lives on c. depends on d. holds on13. since 作连词，意味“因为，既然”，此时引导原因状语从句，表示因果时 语气没有 because 强烈。（介词），自 he has eaten nothing since yesterday.以来 ,自从（副词），从

43、那 i saw him in june, but we haven t met since.以后，此后(连词 )，既然， he has been in the army since he left school.因为，自以来.精品文档中考再现 : i _scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when i was five years old. a. will be b. was c. have been d. would be14. take care of 表示“照顾”，和 look after, care for 是同义表达；表示“好好 照顾某人”

44、要用 take good care of sb. =look after sb.well.中考再现：in our daily life, we must learn to _ourselves well at any time. its as important as studying. a. deal with b. worry about c. look after15. as a result 意为“结果，因此”eg.: he didnt study hard. _ _ _, he failed his exam.fall 的短语小结： fall asleep 睡着，入睡 fall il

45、l 生病 fall behind 落后 fall off 跌落，从 跌下来 fall down 跌倒，摔倒 fall in love with爱上. he _ _and has been in hospital for two days.重点难点全解16. 用 could 提出要求和征求许可 用 could 提出要求常见的结构是 could you( please)? 译为“你能 吗？”或“请你 .好 吗？”如果同意就用 ok.或 no problem.等来回答。如果不同意就用 sorry, i cant.等来回答，并以委婉的方式来解释原因。中考再现： -could you please sw

46、eep the floor, tom?-sorry, mum, i _. i m doing my homework.a. cant b. mustnt c. needn t d. may not -could you please turn off the tv?-_，i _. i want to watch the sports news.a. no; couldnt b. sorry; can t c. sure; can d. sorry; couldn t 用 could 征求许可常见的结构是 could i.?可翻译为“我能 /可以.吗？”此时回答不用 could, 习惯上肯定回答

47、用 may, can 等；否定回答用 cant 或 mustnt(语气中 )。 中考再现： -could i borrow your bike, please?-_. a. of course you can b. it doesnt matterc. yes, id love to d. no, thank you易错易混全解 both, either, neither, all, noneboth 译为“两者都”，用于两者之间，可以和 and 搭配，bothand 表示“.和.都”neither 是 both 的完全否定形式，表示“两个都不”。可以和nor 搭配，neithernor表示“

48、和.都不”either 表示“两个人或物中的一个”。可以和 or 搭配，neitheror 表示“或者 或者 .;要么 .要么 .”allnone译为“全部”，用于三者或三者以上的人或物之间 是 all 的完全否定形式，译为“没有一个”.精品文档中考再现：jiefangbei is not far from chaotianmen . you can easily visit _ in a day. a. each b. none c. both d. neither borrow, lend, keepborrow 表示“借；借来；借入”，指向别人借来东西，搭配是 borrow sth fr

49、om sb.lend 表示“借给，借出”，指把东西借给别人，搭配是 lend sb. sth. 或lend sth. to sb.keep 表示“长时间地借用”，可以和时间段以及 how long 搭配 中考再现：the librarian told me that i could _ these magazines for 3 days.a. borrow b. buy c. keep d. return.精品文档unit 4 why don t you talk to your parents?1. allow sb. to do sth. “允许某人做某事”， 也可以是 allow sb

50、. sth. 其被动 语态是“主语 +be allowed to do sth.”, “某人被允许做某事”中考再现： my parents didnt allow me _ to the party.a. go b. to go c. goes d. wenthang out 闲逛 eg.: she often hangs out in the supermarket.2. whats wrong (with sb.)?= whats the matter? 询问“某人怎么了”eg.: -whats wrong with you? -i dont feel well.wrong 作形容词，意为

51、“有毛病的，错误的”。近义词：false 错误的 incorrect 不正确的。反义词：right 正确的 correct 正确的eg.: theres something wrong with my bike.3. till, until用于肯定句时，主句的动词用延续性动词，它所表示的动作一直持续到 till well wait until the rain stops. 或 until 表示的时间为止，意为“直到.为止”用于否定句时，主句的动词一般是非延续性动词，它所表示的动作直到 till they did not return home until it 或 until 所表示的时间才

52、发生，意为 began to rain.“直到.(才)”中考再现 : julie didnt leave her office _ the police arrived.a. however b. whenever c. while d. until4. why not do sth.?= why don t you do sth.? “为什么不做某事呢？”中考再现： -we can invite nick and nora to shanghai disneyland with us. -_? ill give them a call right now.5. look through 翻阅

53、，浏览 look at 看 look for 寻找 look after 照顾 look down 向下看 look around 环顾，往四下看 look up 向上看，查阅 look out 小心 look up to 仰慕，看得起 look down on 看不起look over 仔细检查 look forward to 期待中考再现 :-i found my sister _ my things and took my new magazines. what should i do? -i guess you should tell her its not right.a. look

54、ing through b. looking up c. looking for find sb. doing sth. 意为“发现某人正在做某事 ”i found my sister _with her friends in the garden.a. plays b. playing c. played d. to play6.精品文档so that 意为“以便；以使”,引导目的状语从句so.that表示“如此 .以至于”，so 后跟形容词或副词，that 后引出结果状 语从句such.that 意思和 so.that 相同，但 such 后跟名词， so 后跟形容词或副词 中考再现： -where is tom？-he is practicing _english _ he can win the speechcompetition. a. to speak; in order to b. speaking; so that c. speaking; in order to d. to speak; so