LSAT考试全真试题四SECTION1

1、LSAT考试全真试题四 SECTI0N1LSAT考试全真试题四SECTION1LSAT考试全真试题四 SECTIONIsection 1time 35 mi nutes27 questi onsdirections: each passage in this section is followed by a group of questions to be answered on the basis of what is stated for implied in the passage. for some of the questi ons, more than one of the cho

2、ices could conceivably answer the questi on however you jare to choose the best an swer. that is, the resp onse that most accurately and completely an swers the questi on. and blacke n the corresp ondingspace on youran swer sheet.to many developers of tech no logies that affect public health or the

3、en vir onment. risk com muni cati on means persuad ing the public that the pote ntial risks of suchtech no logies are small and(5) should be igno red. those who com muni caterisks inthis way seem to believe that lay people do not understand the actual n ature of tech no logical risk. and they can ci

4、te studies assert ing that. although people appare ntly ignore mundane hazards that pose(10) sig ni fica nt dan ger, they get upset about exotic hazards that pose little chanee of death or injury. because some risk com muni cators take this persuasive sta nee, many lay people see risk com muni catio

5、 n as a euphemism for brain washi ng done by experts(15)si nee however the goal of risk com muni cati on should be to en able people to make in formeddecisi ons abouttech no logical risks, a clear un dersta nding about how the public perceives risk is needed. lay people s definitions of risk are mor

6、e likely to reflect(20) subjective ethical concernstha nare expertsdefi niti ons lay people for example tend to perceive a small riskto childre n as more sig nifica nt tha n a large risk to consen ti ng adults who ben efit from the risk-creat ing tech no logy, however, if asked to rank hazards(25) b

7、y the nu mber of annual fatalities, without referenceto ethical judgments, lay people provide quite reasonalbe estimates,dem on strat ingthat they have substa ntialkno wledge about many risks. although some studies claim to dem on strate that lay people have in appropriate(30) concerns about exotic

8、hazards. these studies often use questio nable methods, such as ask ing lay people to rank risks that are hard to compare, in contrast, a recent study showed that whe n lay people were give n the n ecessary facts and time they un derstood the specific(35) risks of electromag netic fields produced by

9、 high-voltage power tran smissi on well eno ugh to make in formed decisi onsrisk com muni cati onshould therefore be based on theprin ciple that people process new in formati on in(40) the con text of their exist ing beliefs. if people know nothing about a topic they will find messages about that to

10、pic incomprehensible,if they have erroneous beliefs, they arelikely to misc on strue the messages. thus, com muni cators n eed to know the n ature and(45) exte nt of recipie nts kno wledge and beliefs in order to desig n messages that will n ot be dismissed or misi nterpreted. this n eed was dem on

11、strated in a research project concerning the public s level of knowledgeabout risks posed by theprese nee of rad on(50) in the home. researchers used ope n-en ded in terviews and questio nn aires to determ ine what in formati on should be in cluded in their brochure on rad on. subjects who read the

12、researchers brochure performedsig ni fica ntlybetter inun dersta ndingrado n risks tha nsig ni fica ntlybetter inun dersta nding rad on risks tha n(55) did a control group who read a brochure that was written using a different approach by a government agency.thus, careful preparati oncan help risk c

13、om muni catorstoproduce bala need material that tells people what they n eed to know to make decisi ons(60) about tech no logical risks1. which one of the followingbest expresses the mainpoint of the passage?(a) risk com muni cators are effectively address ing the proloferati on of complex tech no l

14、ogies that have in creas ing impact on public health and safety.(b) risk com muni cators should assess lay people s un dersta nding of tech no logies in order to be able to give them the in formatio n they n eed to make reas on able decisi ons.(c) experts who want to com muni cate to the public abou

15、t the possible risks of complex tech no logies must simplify their message to en sure that it is un dersta ndable(d) risk com muni cati on can be perceived as the task of persuading lay people to accept the impact of a particular tech no logy on their lives.(e) lay people can be un dulyin flue needb

16、y subjectivecon cer ns whe n maki ng decisi ons about tech no logical risks.2. the authors of the passage would be most likely to agree that the primary purpose of risk com muni cati on shouldbe to(a) expla in rather tha n to persuade(b) promote rather tha n to justify(c) in flue nee experts rather

17、tha n to in flue nee lay people(d) allay people s fears about mundane hazards rather than about exotic hazards.(e) foster public accepta nee of new tech no logiesratherthan to ack no wledge people s ethical concerns3. accord ing to the passage,it is probable that which oneof the followi ng will occu

18、r whe n risk com muni cators attemptto com muni cate with lay people who have mistake n ideas about a particular tech no logy?(a) the lay people percei ving that the risk com muni catorshave provided more- reliable information,will discard theirmistake n no ti on(b) the lay people will only partiall

19、y revise their ideas onthe basis of the new in formatio n(c) the lay people fitt ingthe new in formatio nin to theirexisti ng framework willin terpretthecom muni cati ondiffere ntly that the risk com muni cators had inten ded(d) the lay people misun dersta nding the new infro matio nwill further dis

20、tort the in formatio n whe n they com muni cate it to other lay people(e) the lay people will ignore any com muni cati on about atech no logy they con sider pote ntially dan gerous4. which one of the followi ng is most clearly an example of the kind of risk perceptio ndiscussed in the studiesmen ti

21、oned in line 8?(a) a skydiver checks the lines on her parachute several times before a jump because tangled lines often keep the parachutes from ope ning properly(b) a pers on decides to quit smok ing in order to less on the probability of lung damage to himself and his family(c) a homeowner who dec

22、ides to have her house tested for rad on also decides not to allow anyone to smoke in herhouse(d) a pers on who ofte n weaves in and out of traffic whiledriving his car at excessive speeds worries about meteorites hitt ing his house(e) a group of townspeopleopposes the building of anu clear waste du

23、mp outsider their tow n and proposes that thedump be placed in ano ther tow n.5. it can be in ferred that the authors of the passage would be more likely tha n would the risk com muni cators discussed in the first paragraph to emphasize which one of the follow ing?(a) lay people s tendency to become

24、 alarmed about tech no logies that they find new or stra nge(b) lay people s tendency to compare risks that experts would not con sider comparable(c) the need for lay people to adopt scientists advice about tech no logical risk.(d) the in ability of lay people to rank hazards by the nu mber of fatal

25、ities caused annu ally(e) the impact of lay people s value systems on their percepti ons of risk.6. accordingto the passage many lay people believewhich one of the follow ing about risk com muni cati on?(a) it focuses excessively on mundane hazards(b) it is a tool used to mani pulate the publie(c) i

26、t is a major cause of in accuracies in public kno wledge about scie nee(d) it most ofte n fun citi ons to help people make in formed decisi ons(e) its level of effectivenessdepends on the level ofkno wledge its audie nee already hasin april 1990 represe ntatives of the pico korea union of electro ni

27、cs workers in buch on city, south korea, traveled to the un ited states in order to dema nd just settleme ntof theirclaims from the pare nt compa ny(5) of their employers. who upon the formationof theunion had shut dow n operati ons without pay ing the workers from the beg inning the union cause was

28、 champi oned by an unprecedented coalition of korean american groups anddeeply affected the korea n america n(10) com mun ity on several levels.first, it served as a rallyi ng focus for a diverse commu nityoften divided by generation, class and political ideologies. most no tably, the pico cause mob

29、ilized many young sec on d-ge nerati on korea n(15) america ns, many of whom had n ever bee n part of apoliticalcampaignbefore, let alone one involvingkoreanissues. members of this generation unlike first-generation korea n america ns, gen erally fall within the more privileged sectors of the korea

30、n america n(20) com munity and ofte n feel alie nated from their korea nroots in addition to raising the political consciousness of young korean americans, the pico struggle sparked among them new interest in their cultural identity the pieo workers also suggested new roles that can be(25) played by

31、rece ntimmigra nts, particularly 10work in g-class immigra nts these immigra nts kno wledge of work ing con diti ons overseas can help to globalize the perspective of their communities and can help to establish intern ati onal ties on a more pers on al level, as(30) winessed in the especially warm e

32、xchange between the pico workers and rece nt work in g-class immigra nts from china in additi on to broade ning the political base withi n the korea n america n com muni ty, the pico struggle also led to new allia nces betwee n the korea n(35) americancommunityand prograessive labor andsocial justic

33、e groups within the larger society as evide need in the support received from the coaliti on of labor union wome n and leadi ng africa n america n union tsts.(40) the reas ons for these effects lie in the n ature of the cause the issues raised by the pico unioni sts had such a strong human component

34、that differences within the communitybecame sec on dary to larger concerns for social justice and workers rights the workers(45) dema ndsfor compe nsati onand respect wereunen cumberedwith strong ideological trapp ings theecono mic exploitati on faced by the pico workers un derscored the com monin t

35、erests of korea n workers korea n america ns,the work ing class more in clusively(50) and a broad spectrum of com mun ity leadersthe pico workers campaign thus offers an important less on. it dem on stratesthat eth nic com mun itiesn eed moretha n just a kno wledge of history and cuture as artifacts

36、 of the past in order to(55) stre ngthe n their eth nic ide ntity. it shows that perhapsthe most effective means of empowerment for many ethnic com mun ities of immigra nt derivati on may be an ide ntificatio nwith and participati on in curre nt struggles for econo mic and social justice in their(60

37、) coun tries of origi n.7. which one of the following best describes the maintopic of the passage?(a) the con tributio n of the korea n america n com mun ity toimproving the working conditionsof koreans employed byun ited states compa nies(b) the change brought about in the korean american com mun i

38、ty by con tacts with korea ns visit ing the un ited states(c) the contributionof rece ntimmigra nts fromkorea tostre ngthe ningeth nicide ntityin the korea namerica ncommu nity(d) the effects onthe koreanamerican communityof adispute betweenkorean union workers and a united statescompa ny(e) the eff

39、ect of the politicizati on of sec on d-ge neratio n korean americans on the korean american community as a whole8. the passage suggests that which one of the followi ngwas a sig ni fica nt factor in the decisi on to shut dow n the picopla nt in buch on city?(a) the decreas ing profitability of main

40、ta ining operati onsin korea(b) the failure to resolve Ion g-sta nding disputes betwee nthe pico workers and man ageme nt(c) the creati on of a union by the pico workers(d) the withhold ingof workers wages by the pare ntcompa ny(e) the finding of an alternate site for operatio nsis not mentionedin t

41、hein the korean american9. which one of the following passage as a recent developmentcom muni ty?(a) youngsec on d-ge nerati onkorea n america ns have32beg un to take an in terest in their korea n heritageof work in g-class(b) recent korean american immigrants backgro unds have beg un to en ter the

42、more privileged sectors of the korea n america n commu nity(c) korean americans have developed closer ties withactivist groups from other sectors of the populatio n(d) previouslynon politicalmembers of teh koreanamerica n com munity have become more politically active(e) the korea n america n com mu

43、nity has bee n able to set aside political and gen erati onal disparities in order to supporta com mon cause10. it can be in ferred that the author of the passage would most likely agree with which one of the followi ng stateme nts about eth nic com mun ities of immigra nt derivati on?(a) such com m

44、un ities can derive importa nt ben efits from maintaining ties with their coun tries of origi n(b) suchcom mun itiesshould focus primarily onpromoti ng study of the history and culture of their people inorder to stre ngthe n their eth nic ide ntity(c) such com mun ities can most successfully mobiliz

45、e and politicize their young people by addressing the problems of voung people of all backgro unds(d) the more privileged sectors of such communities aremost likely to maintaina sense of closeness totheir culturalroots.(e) the politicization of such a communityis unlikely toaffect relati ons with ot

46、her groups within the larger society11. in the sec ondparagraph, the author refers to immigrants from china most probably in order to do which one of the follow ing?(a) highlight the con trast betwee n work ing con diti ons inthe un ited states and in korea(b) dem on strate the uniquen ess of the pr

47、oblem faced bythe pico workers.(c) offer an example of the type of role that can be playedby rece nt work ing- class immigra nts(d) provide an an alogy for the type of activism displayedby the korea n america n commu nity(e) compare the disparateresponses of two immigrantcom mun ities to similar pro

48、blems.12. the primary purpose of the passage is to(a) describe rece nt developme nts in the korea n america ncommu nitythat havestro nglyaffected other eth niccom mun ities of immigra nt derivati on(b) describe a situati on in the korea n america n commu nitythat presents a model for the empowerment

49、of ethniccom mun ities of immigra nt derivati on(c) detial the problems faced by the korean americancommu nityin order to illustrate then eedfor theempowerme nt of eth nic com mun ities of immigra nt derivati on(d) argue against economic and social injustice in thecountries of originof ethniccommuni

50、tiesof immigrantderivati on(e) assess the impact of the unionizationmovementoneth nic com mun ities of immigra nt derivatio n13. which one of the followi ng most accurately states the fun cti on of the third paragraph?(a) it expla ins why the pico workers brought their cause tothe un ited states(b)

51、it explains how the pico cause differed from other causes that had previously mobilized the korean american commu nity(c) it explains why the pico workers were accorded such broad support(d) it explains how other ethnic groups of immigrant derivati on in the un ited states have profited from the exa

52、mple of the pico workers?(e) it expa inswhy differe ntgen eratio nsof korea namerica ns reacted in differe nt ways to the pico causein rece nt years, scholars have beg un to use social scie nee tools to an alyze court opinions, these scholars have justifiably criticized traditi on al legal research

53、for its focus on a few cases that may not be represe ntative(5) and its fascinationwith arcane matters that do notaffect real people withreallegal problems. zirkel andschoe nfeld, for example, have champi oned the applicati on of social scienee tools to the analysis of case law surrounding discrimi

54、natio n aga inst wome n in(10) higher educationemploymenttheir studies havedem on strated how these social scie nee tools may be used to serve the interestsof scholars lawyers and prospectiveplai ntiffs as well however their en thustasm for the outcomes an alysts tech nique(15) seems misguidedof fun

55、 dame ntalconcern is the outcomes an alystsassumption that simply counting the number of successful and un successful pla in tiffs will be useful to prospective pla in tiffs although the odds are clearly(20) against the plaintiffin sex discrimination cases,plai ntiffs who believe that their cause is

56、 just and that they will prevail are not swayed by such evide nee, in additi on, because lawsuits are so differe nt in the details of the case in the quality of the evide nee the pla ntiff(25) presents and in the attitude of the judge toward academic pla in tiffs giving prospective pla in tiffs stat

57、isties about overall outcomes without an alyz ing the reas on for these outcomes is of marginal assistanee outcomes analysis for example ignores the fact that in(30) certa in academie sex discrim in ati oncases thosemvolving serious proceduralviolati onsor merim in at ingevide nee in the form of wri

58、tte n admissi ons of discrimi natory practices plai ntiffs are much more likely to prevail(35) two differe nt approaches offer more useful applicati onsof socialscie neetools inan alyz ingsexdiscrim in ati on cases one is a process called policy capturi ng in which the researcher reads each opinion ide ntifies variables