独立主格结构和.

1、一.独立主格结构1. 概念:状语有时可以由一个名词或代词和另一成分构 成的复合结构担任,称为独立主格结构。2. 结构:名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词 短语。这一结构在句中可以表示时间、原因、牛、方式或伴随情况。(I)名词/代词+分词(过去分词/现在分词)当分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一 致时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词的独立结 一般位于句首,也可放在句尾;作伴随状语时,常放在 句首。1. This problem settled, they left the meeting -room.2. The film being over, the audience wen

2、t out ofthe hall one by one.|3. Time permitting, we、IIgo there on foot.He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head.(II)名词/代词+ (being)形容词 申1. His mother being ill, he had to stay home to look after her.2. He entered the house, his nose red with cold.(HD名词/代词+ (being)副词1. The meeting b

3、eing over, our headmast soon left.(IV) 名词/代词+不定式1.1 send you 100 dollars today, therest _ in a year. （2005湖詣）A. followsB. followedto followD. being followed2. Here are the first two volumes,the third one to come out.(V) 名词/代词+介词短语在这一结构中,如果逻辑主语与介词短语 中的名词都是但数名词,这些名词前习惯 不用冠词。1. Our teacher came into th

4、e classroom, book in hand.2. Flag on shoulder, the soldier rushedto the top of the mountain.(VI) 有些独立主格结构中没有分词,仅 在名词或代词之后直接跟作表语或状语 的词或词组,省去的分词一般是being 或having been,这是为了简练。但在 bwing+过去分词”或there being+ 过去分词”结构中,being不可省。1. Breakfast (being) over, he went to school.2. There being no cause for alarm, she

5、 went back to her room.Wi卄t和withoutM合结构w汁h和w汁hout复合结构是: wi十h/w计hout+名词/决词+分 词/不定式/形容词/副词/介 词短语。在句子中可以作状与或 是语。动作。词 +过去分词。用过去(I) with/without+名词/代词十现在分词。 用现在分词表示主动、正在进行或发生的动作。I couldn t finish my work with those children playing around B. plays around C. played around b. to play aroundA. fixing fixedI

6、n the read-room, we found her seated at adesk, with her attention _ on a book.B. fixesb. to fix(Ill) with/without+名词/代词+不定式。 用不定式表示将要发生的动作。With a lot of difficult problemsz thenewly- elected president is having a hard time.A. settledB. settlingO to settleb. being settled(IV)w计h/w汁hout+名词/代词+形容词。She

7、sleeps without the window ope、(V) with/without+名词/代词+副词。production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. A. As B. For With b. Through(VI) w计h/withou卄名词/代词+介此短语。l.He sleeps with a book in his hand.2. A girl with a necklace around herneck got on the bus.三.with和without复合结构与独立主格结构的转化(I)

8、 with和w汁hou1复合结构与独立主格结构在句 中作状语时,一般可相互转换;此外还可变为状语从 句或并列句。(1)作时间状语With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.=Win 十er coming on, the trees turn yellow and 、 some birds fly south.=When winter comes on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.（2）作原因状语With the key having

9、 been lost, she could not enter the room=The key (having been) lost, she could not enter the room/Because the key had been lost,JTshe could not enter the room(3)作条件状语W计h time permitting, we、II visit the Summer Palace.=Time permitting, we、II visit the Summer Palace.=If time permits，we、II visit the Su

10、mmer Palace.(4)作伴随状语Here are the first three volumes w计h the fourth one to come out next month.=Here are the first three volumes, the four th one to come out next month.=Here are the first three volumes and the fourth one is coming out next month.(II) w计h和without复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词,而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词。S

11、oon she arrived at a park with grass green and flowers in blossom.=Soon she arrived at a park whose rass was green and whose flowers were in blossom 祖圈练习1. _ ten minutes _ before the last trainleft, we arrived at the station.A. There were; to go With; to go C. I was; leftD. It had; le什2. The lady sa

12、id she would buy a gift for herdaughter with the _.A.20 dollars remainedC. remained 20 dollarsB.20 dollars to remain remaining 20 dollars could not go on with theA. Urrtil B. As W汁h b. Because3. _ the lights off“ we work.4.It was a pity that the great writer died 、 his work unfinished.A. for with C.

13、 from b. of5. The weather so bad, we had to put off the football matchA. was B. is C. were being6. _, the runners raced on to the finishing line. Stick in hand B. With a stick in his hand C. Sticks in hand D Sticks in hands7. The boy lay on the ground# his eyes and his handsA. being closed; trembling closed; tremblingC. closed; trembledD. closing; trembled8. _,the work can be done much better.A. Given more timeB. We had been given more time More tim