20110512165144661时态与语态

1、各种时态的主动、被动语态结构表（以动词do为例）时态用法时间状语动词构成例句主动语态被动语态主动语态被动语态一般现在时1)经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。2)主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。3)表示客观真理often, sometimes, always, usuallyeveryday/; on Mondays once a week , twice a yeardo/doesam/is/are +doneWe clean the classroom.The classroom is cleaned by us.一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示过去经常或反复发生的

2、动作。yesterday; last week/; in 1990ten minutes ago just nowdidwas/were +doneHe bought me some books.I was bought some books by him.Some books were bought for me by him.现在进行1)表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行或持续的动作now, these days等或当句中含有look, listen之类的暗示词时am/is/are +doingam/is/are + being + doneShe is watering the flowers

3、.The flowers are being made by her.过去进行表示在过去某一时刻或过去某一阶段正在进行的动作this time yesterday, at that time, then, at ten yesterday, from 7:00 to 9:00 last nightwas/were +doingwas/were + being +doneI was planting trees this time yesterday .Trees were being planted by me this time yesterday.一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态

4、tomorrow; next weekin a few daysin 2020will/shall + doam/is/are going to + doam/is/are + doingwill/shall be + doneam/is/are going to be + doneam/is/are being doneWe will discuss this question in class tomorrow.This question will be discussed in class tomorrow.过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用在宾语从句中wou

5、ld/should + dowas/were going to + dowas/were + doingwould/should be + donewas/were going to be +donewas/were being + doneHe said he would finish the work the next day.He said the work would be finished the next day.现在完成时1）表示过去发生的动作或事情对现在的影响和产生的结果.它强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系。2）表示一个从过去开始,一直持续到现在,有可能继续下去的动作或状态.1.

6、already, yet, ever, never, just, before等2.和for或since引导的时间状语连用.have/has + donehave/has been +doneThey have made the boy stop crying already.The boy has been made to stop crying already.过去完成时1)过去完成时动词表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。2)从过去某一时间开始持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。1）与 by then, by 9 oclock, by the end of, by the time, before+过去的时间构成的短语连用。2）过去完成时和 already, just, ever, yet 等连用。3） 与when, before, after，as soon as等引导时间状语的从句连用，强调动作发生的时间前后had + donehad been +doneThey had told me the news by 9 oclock yesterday.I had been told the news by 9 oclock yesterday.The news had been told to me by 9 oclock yesterday.含有情态动