全新版大学英语视听阅读3 space walk

1、UNIT 6 SPACE WALK WATCH THE VIDEO： SHENZHOU- MANNED SPACESHIP SHENZHOU 7SHENZHOU 7 Shenzhou 7 was the third human spaceflight mission of the Chinese space program. The mission, which included the first Chinese extra-vehicular activity (EVA) carried out by crew members Zhai Zhigang and Liu Boming, ma

2、rked the commencement of the second phase of the Chinese governments Project 921. The Shenzhou spacecraft carrying the three crew members was launched 25 September 2008, by a Long March 2F (CZ-2F) rocket which lifted off from the Jiuquan（酒泉）（酒泉） Satellite Launch Center at 21:10 CST. The mission last

3、ed three days, after which the craft landed safely in Siziwang Banner9(四子王旗四子王旗) in central Inner Mongolia on 28 September 2008, at 17:37 CST. The Shenzhou 7 EVA made the Chinese space program the third to have conducted an EVA. EVAs had previously been conducted by the space programs of the Soviet

4、Union (later Russia) and the United States. DISCUSS THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS WITH YOUR PARTNERS What Is a Spacewalk? Why Do Astronauts Go on Spacewalks? How Do Astronauts Go on Spacewalks? How Do Astronauts Stay Safe During Spacewalks? How Do Astronauts Train for Spacewalks? A WARM UP: WHATS A SPACEW

5、ALK Any time an astronaut gets out of a vehicle while in space, it is called a spacewalk. A spacewalk is also called an EVA. EVA stands for extravehicular activity. The first person to go on a spacewalk was Alexei Leonov. He was from Russia. The first spacewalk was on March 18, 1965. It was 10 minut

6、es long. The first American to go on a spacewalk was Ed White. His spacewalk was on June 3, 1965, during the Gemini 4 mission. Whites spacewalk lasted 23 minutes. Today, astronauts go on spacewalks outside the International Space Station. Spacewalks usually last between five and eight hours, dependi

7、ng on the job. THE RECORD RECORD FOR THE MOST SPACEWALKS The world record for the most spacewalks is held by Russian astronaut Anatoly Solovyev. He has been on 16 spacewalks and spent more than 82 hours outside in space. Thats almost 3 days of walking in space! NASA astronaut Michael Lopez-Alegria h

8、olds the U.S. record for the most spacewalks. He has done 10 spacewalks and spent more than 67 hours. WHY DO ASTRONAUTS GO ON SPACEWALKS?WHY DO ASTRONAUTS GO ON SPACEWALKS? Astronauts go on spacewalks for many reasons. Spacewalks let astronauts work outside their spacecraft while still in space. Ast

9、ronauts can do science experiments on a spacewalk. Experiments can be placed on the outside of a spacecraft. This lets scientists learn how being in space affects different things. Spacewalks also let astronauts test new equipment. They can repair satellites or spacecraft that are in space. By going

10、 on spacewalks, astronauts can fix things instead of bringing them back to Earth to fix. Ed White was the first American to perform a spacewalk. Credits: NASA HOW DO ASTRONAUTS GO ON SPACEWALKSHOW DO ASTRONAUTS GO ON SPACEWALKS? ? （1 1） When astronauts go on spacewalks, they wear spacesuits to keep

11、themselves safe. Inside spacesuits, astronauts have the oxygen they need to breathe. They have the water they need to drink. Astronauts put on their spacesuits several hours before a spacewalk. The suits are pressurized. This means that the suits are filled with oxygen. Once in their suits, astronau

12、ts breathe pure oxygen for a few hours. Breathing only oxygen gets rid of all the nitrogen(氮气氮气) in an astronauts body. If they didnt get rid of the nitrogen, the astronauts might get gas bubbles in their body when they walked in space. These gas bubbles can cause astronauts to feel pain in their sh

13、oulders, elbows, wrists and knees. This pain is called getting “the bends” because it affects the places where the body bends. Scuba divers can also get “the bends.”（弯曲症，减压病）（弯曲症，减压病） HOW DO ASTRONAUTS GO ON SPACEWALKS?HOW DO ASTRONAUTS GO ON SPACEWALKS? （2 2） Astronauts are now ready to get out of

14、their spacecraft. They leave the spacecraft through a special door called an airlock（气闸，气塞）（气闸，气塞）. The airlock has two doors. When astronauts are inside the spacecraft, the airlock is airtight so no air can get out. When astronauts get ready to go on a spacewalk, they go through the first door and

15、lock it tight behind them. They can then open the second door without any air getting out of the spacecraft. After a spacewalk, astronauts go back inside through the airlock. Astronauts use virtual reality hardware to practice spacewalks. Credits: NASA HOW DO ASTRONAUTS STAY SAFE DURING SPACEWALKS?H

16、OW DO ASTRONAUTS STAY SAFE DURING SPACEWALKS? When on a spacewalk, astronauts use safety tethers（拴绳）（拴绳） to stay close to their spacecraft. Tethers are like ropes. One end is hooked to the spacewalker. The other end is connected to the vehicle. The safety tethers keep astronauts from floating away i

17、nto space. Astronauts also use tethers to keep tools from floating away. They tether their tools to their spacesuits. Another way astronauts stay safe during spacewalks is by wearing a SAFER. SAFER stands for Simplified Aid for EVA Rescue. SAFER is worn like a backpack. It uses small jet thrusters t

18、o let an astronaut move around in space. If an astronaut were to become untethered and float away, SAFER would help him or her fly back to the spacecraft. Astronauts control SAFER with a small joystick（操纵杆）（操纵杆）, like on a video game. HOW DO ASTRONAUTS TRAIN FOR SPACEWALKS?HOW DO ASTRONAUTS TRAIN FO

19、R SPACEWALKS? One way astronauts train for spacewalks is by going for a swim. Floating in space is a lot like floating in water. Astronauts practice spacewalks underwater in a large swimming pool. The pool is called the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory （中性浮力实验室）（中性浮力实验室）, or NBL. It is near NASAs Johnson

20、 Space Center in Houston, Texas. The pool holds 6.2 million gallons of water. Astronauts train seven hours in the pool for every one hour they will spend on a spacewalk. Another way astronauts practice for a spacewalk is by using virtual reality. This is sort of like playing a video game. Astronauts

21、 wear a helmet with a video screen inside. They also wear special gloves. A video of what they will see during a spacewalk is shown on the screen inside the helmet. When the astronaut moves, the special gloves allow the movements to be shown with the video. The virtual reality simulation looks and f

22、eels just like a spacewalk. A WARM-UP Task 1. The challenges of space. Read the para. Then match each word or phrase with the correct definition. Surviving in outer space creates a number of environmental challenges. On Earth we are kept in place by gravity, but in outer space gravity does not exist

23、. There, humans become weightless and float away if not connected to something solid. In addition, space is almost a perfect vacuum, empty of the precious oxygen we need to survive. Its also full of harmful radiation which can severely damage human tissue. Overall, the environment of space is extrem

24、ely dangerous for humans without the protection of a space suit. 1. gravity _ 2. float _ 3. vacuum _ 4. radiation _ 5. tissue _ 6. space suit _ A.Protective clothing worn in a space B.A totally empty and airless space C.Powerful and sometimes dangerous waves of energy D.Rest or move slowly on water

25、or in the air E.A natural force pulling objects to the ground F.A group of connected, similar cells that perform a certain function together E D B C F A Task 2. Astronaut training. Read the para. Then write each underlined word or phrase next to the correct definition. The National Aeronautics and S

26、pace Administration, or NASA, is a U.S. government agency that trains the nations astronauts. These brave men and women must learn how to fly and live in spacecrafts（航天（航天 器）器）,such as space shuttles. Before they leave on a mission, they must also get used to spending a lot of time in a weightless s

27、tate while circling the Earth in orbit. Therefore, at the NASA laboratories, astronauts are sometimes immersed in water tanks for long periods to create a similar experience. Then, scientists measure the physiological effects of these experiments on their bodies in an effort to compute the effects o

28、f living in such an unusual environment. 1. people whose jobs include traveling and working in spacecrafts 2. completely surrounded by something 3. of or related to the way in which the body works 4. moving along a curved path in space around a planet, moon, or star 5. spacecrafts designed to travel

29、 between Earth and a space station 6. a specific and important official task or job Astronauts; immersed; physiological; in orbit（在轨道上运行）; space shuttles; mission WATCH BIGBANG VIDEO AND DISCUSS THE QUESTION What are the dangers of space walk? Would you like to go to the outer space in the future? W

30、hy and why not? 1. The view of the sky and Earth while in orbit looks beautifully calm but despite its peaceful appearance, the vacuum of space is a hostile environment. (para. 1) In orbit: 轨道轨道; 在轨道在轨道上上 e.g. The planet is probably in orbit around a small star. 这这颗行星可能正环绕着一颗小恒星运行颗行星可能正环绕着一颗小恒星运行。 行

31、星：行星：planet水星水星：Mercury，黄色，黄色 恒星：恒星：star金星金星：Venus，黄色，黄色 彗星：彗星：comet 地球地球：Earth，蓝色，蓝色 流星：流星：meteor 火星火星：Mars，红色，红色 土星：土星：Saturn，黄色，有光环，黄色，有光环 木星木星：Jupiter，浅红色，浅红色+白色，有白色，有光环光环 海王星海王星：Neptune，深蓝色，有，深蓝色，有光环光环 天王星天王星：Uranus，浅蓝色，有光环，浅蓝色，有光环 Hostile: adj. 怀有怀有敌意的敌意的; 敌人的，敌对的敌人的，敌对的; 不利不利的的 n. 敌方敌方; 敌对者，敌

32、对者，敌对物敌对物 E.g. Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign intervention. 很多很多人觉得他会反对外国干预的主意。人觉得他会反对外国干预的主意。 2. The lack of air pressure would induce the blood and other liquids in the body to boil, (para 1) induce:引起引起; 归纳归纳; 引诱引诱 e.g. Doctors said surgery could induce a heart attack

33、. 医生医生们说手术有可能引起心脏病发作。们说手术有可能引起心脏病发作。 3. , yet people have been exploring the unfriendly frontier of space since manned space flights began in the 1960s.(para 2) frontier:边界；边界；边境边境 e.g. The frontier ranges from the northern hills to the southern coast.边界边界从北部山地一直延伸到南部海岸。从北部山地一直延伸到南部海岸。 manned: 载载人人;

34、 （指机器）（指机器） 有人控制有人控制的的 e.g. In thirty years from now the United States should have a manned spacecraft on Mars. 未来未来30年内，美国有可能会把载人航天器送上火星。年内，美国有可能会把载人航天器送上火星。 4. , and other scientific inventions to help them endure the challenges of space.(para 2) endure:忍耐忍耐; 容忍容忍 e.g. The company endured heavy fi

35、nancial losses. 那家公司遭受了严重亏损。那家公司遭受了严重亏损。 5. 121 degrees Celsius121 摄氏度摄氏度 minus 157 degrees Celsius 零下零下157摄氏度摄氏度 (para 3) 63 degrees Fahrenheit 63华氏度华氏度 6. The suits are also pressurized, . This pressurization also keeps the air pressure around (para 3) pressurize:增压；密封；对增压；密封；对施加压力施加压力 e.g. The ai

36、rplane cabin is pressurized.飞机飞机机舱被增机舱被增 压压。 pressurization:增压，密封增压，密封 e.g. application of high pressurization to fish meat 7. Conducting space walks is not without challenges. (para 7) conduct: n.行为；举动；行为；举动；品行品行 e.g. Your conduct is not consistent with what you say. 你你的言行不一致。的言行不一致。 v.引导；指挥；引导；指挥；

37、管理管理 e.g. The guide conducted us around the ruins of the ancient city. 导游导游引导我们游览了古城废墟。引导我们游览了古城废墟。 e.g. Who is conducting the orchestra tonight?谁谁指挥今晚的管弦指挥今晚的管弦 乐队呢乐队呢? e.g. They hired agents to conduct their company. 8. blood vessels often pushes the blood to the astronauts body and head. (para 8)

38、 Blood vessel: 血管血管 Vessel:容器；器皿；船；舰；脉管容器；器皿；船；舰；脉管 e.g. A pot is a vessel for holding food.锅锅是盛食物的是盛食物的器皿器皿。 There are some fishing vessels in the harbor. 港湾里有许多渔港湾里有许多渔船船。 9. This causes the veins of the neck and face to stand out more than usual,. (para 8) vein: 静脉静脉 e.g. The doctor injects gluco

39、se into the patients vein. 医生医生把葡萄糖注射入病人的静脉。把葡萄糖注射入病人的静脉。 10. This condition is know as “puffy face syndrome” because the face often appears puffy, or swollen. (para 8) syndrome:综合症综合症 e.g. Poor appetite is one of the symptoms of TV syndrome.食欲不振食欲不振是电是电 视综合症的症状视综合症的症状之一。之一。 Puffy：浮肿的；膨胀：浮肿的；膨胀的的 e.

40、g. Her skin is puffy round her eyes.她她眼圈眼圈浮肿。浮肿。 Swollen：肿大的；水涨：肿大的；水涨的的 e.g. His face was swollen (up) with toothache.他他的脸因牙痛而肿了起来。的脸因牙痛而肿了起来。 11. Such demanding practice schedules and training are obviously hard on the human body,. (para 12) demanding:要求多要求多的，苛求的的，苛求的 e.g. Certainly I can agree wi

41、th you that such duty is both dangerous and demanding. 我我当然能同意你的看法，这种任务既危险，要求又当然能同意你的看法，这种任务既危险，要求又严格。严格。 D READING COMPREHENSION 1.Each of the following is an example of why space is a hostile environment EXCEPT _ A. extremely high air pressure. B. vast temperature differences. C. radiation. D. no oxygen. D READING COMPREHENSION 2. Whats the meaning of “self-contained”? A. neutral B. automatic C. separate D. ambiguous 3. What was the purpose