初二上册英语语法讲解与练习

1、 初二上册英语语法讲解与练习一般将来时一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存有的状态以及计划、打算做某事。E.g. They will have a football match tomorrow. He will be thirty next week. She is going to buy a coat this afternoon. 其结构有如下几种： 1)will + 动词原形(will能够用于任何人称) 需要注意的是当主语是第一人称时will能够换成shall,特别是在以I或we作主语的问句中,一般用shall. e.g. Shall we go to the zoo? 2)be goi

2、ng to +动词原形 3)现在实行时也可表示将来,前边已经讲过,这里不在重复. 第一种结构的句式变化是： 变否定句在will后边加not. 变一般疑问句把will提前. e.g. She will be back in three days. She will not be back in three days. Will She be back in three days? 第二种结构的句式变化要在be上做文章. E.g. They are going to clean their classroom. They are not going to clean their classroom

3、. Are they going to clean their classroom? 其时间状语有如下几种 1）this引导的短语 如 this year 2）tomorrow及其相关短语 如tomorrow morning 3）next引导的短语 如 next month 4) from now on ; in the future ; in an hour 等。 做题时常见错误如下：一、易忽视动词用原形形式 例：1 He will is (be) at school next Monday. 2 He is going to does (do) his homework after sch

4、ool. 答案：1 be 2 do 解析：第一题有的同学一看he做主语就用了is，忽视了will后应加动词原形。我们在写句子时，很容易把动词丢掉，“英语句子里，动词不能少”的 规律必须要牢记。第二题中to后加动词原形，而不是用单三人称.二、be going to +动词原形与will+动词原形用法不清楚 例：我正努力学习，准备参加英语考试。 I am studying hard and I will try for my English exams. 答案：I am studying hard and I am going to try for my English exams. 解析：“be

5、 going to” 表示计划、打算要做某事。E.g. He is going to visit his friends. 还表示某种迹象表明会发生某事.e.g. Look at the clouds. Its going to rain. 而“Will+动词原形 ”指对将来事物的预见、表示意愿、决心。E.g. I will wait for you until you come. 在单纯预测未来时，二者能够互换，但在此题中只能用be going to，而不能用will。 专项练习：一、 单选1 _you _a doctor when you grow up?A Will; going to

6、be B Are; going to be C Are; / D Will; be2 I dont know if his uncle _. I think he _ if it doesnt rain.A will come; comes B will come; will come C comes; comes D comes; will come3 He will be back _a few minutes. A with B for C on D in4 What time _we meet at the gate tomorrow? A will B shall C do D ar

7、e5 He will have a holiday as soon as he _the work next week.A finishes B doesnt finish C will finish D wont finish6 There _some showers this afternoon.A will be B will have C is going to be D are going to have 7 It _my brothers birthday tomorrow. She _a party.A is going to be; will have B will be; i

8、s having C will be; is going to have D will have; is going to be8 Li Ming is 10 years old now, next year he _11. A is B is going to be C will be D will to be 二、 填空1 -“I need some paper.”- “I _(bring)some for you.”2_(be)you free tomorrow?3 They _(not leave) until you come back.4 _we_(go) to the party

9、 together this afternoon?5 They want to know when the meeting _start.6 I _(go) with you if I have time.7 Hurry up! Or we _(be) late.8What _you _(do) tomorrow afternoon?9 Jenny _ _ (do) an experiment the day after tomorrow.10 If she isnt free tomorrow, she _(not take) part in the party.、三、 There be结构

10、的一般将来时易出错例：There_ a basketball match this afternoon. (B)A is going to be B is going to have C are going to be D are going to have答案：A解析：There be结构的一般将来时既要符合There be结构，又要符合一般将来时。有的同学认为have当“有”讲，所以选了B，但There be结构就不成立了，此句中is是be going to中的，是由后边的单数名词决定的. 四、 be going to结构中易丢掉to 例：Im going _(go) school by

11、bike tomorrow. (C) A to will go B to go to C go to D to go 答案：B解析：由tomorrow可知是一般将来时，be going to +动词原形，所以先确定用to go , 在B、 D当中选，而go to school 是固定词组，不能因为前边有一个to而省略，这是一个易错点，需要注意。 另外，在时间状语或条件状语从句中，若主句用了将来时，从句则用一般现在时，前边已经讲过,这里不在重复.过去实行时 (1） 概念：表示过去某时正在实行的状态或动作。 (2） 过去实行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生

12、。 (3) 常用的时间状语this moring, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, whileMy brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 典型例题(1) Mary _ a dress wh

13、en she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，玛丽在做衣服时提供事情发生的背景，所以用过去实行时。(2) As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A.read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为当之时。描述一件事发生的背景时，用

14、过去实行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。过去实行时的基本用法：表示过去某个时刻或时间正在实行过持续实行的动作,句中往往需要有时间状语来表示这个特定的时间.What were they doing just now?他们刚才在干什么? _具体概念一、 概念和用法：过去实行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内实行或发生的动作。其形式为was /were + V-ing。常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：last night, last Saturday等；或者与when,

15、while, as引导的过去时间状语连用。例如： We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。 What was he researching all day last Sunday? 上周日他一整天都在研究什么？ 二、 过去实行时能够表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点能够用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。如： What was she doing at nine oclock yesterday? 昨天晚上九点她在做什么？ (介词短语表示时间点) When I saw him he was dec

16、orating his room. 当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。 (when从句表示时间点) 三、 在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去实行时。例如： While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.他边等车边看报。 (两个动作都是延续的) He was cleaning his car while I was cooking. 他擦车时我在做饭。(两个动作同时实行) 四、 通常不能用于过去实行时的动词主要有：agree, be, believe, belong, ca

17、re, forget, hate, have(拥有), hear, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want, wish等。例如： 误：I was knowing the answer. 正：I knew the answer. 我知道答案。 误：I wasnt understanding him. 正：I didnt understand him. 我不明白他的意思。 句型：肯定句：主语+was/were+doing+其它否定句：主语+was/were+not+do

18、ing+其它一般疑问句及答语：Was/Were+主语+doing+其它特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它反意疑问句是初中阶段的一个重点和难点，突破它并不难，只要大家能从以下几个方面着手，我想定会让你豁然开朗： 反意疑问句（Disjunctive Questions ）的定义：反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句（tag question）在陈述句之后，附加上一个简短句，对陈述句所叙述的事情提出的事情提出相反的疑问，这种疑问句叫反意疑问句。换句话说，反意疑问句由两部分组成，前一部分是对是对事物的陈述，后一部分是针对所提出是事提出疑问。如果前一部分用肯定式，后一部分就用否定式；如

19、果前一部分用否定式，后一部分就用肯定式。 反意疑问句陈述部分用降调，简短问句部分能够用升调,也能够用降调，这得由提问者决定。提问者对陈述部分把握较大时，问句用降调；把握不大时用升调。反意疑问句前后两部分所遵循的规则：1. 前后语气相反。A前一部分用肯定式，后一部分就用否定式。(1.)You are a student,arent you ?(2.)She reads Chinese every day,doesnt she?(3.)John went to school, didnt he?(4.)She has done his homework,hasnt he?(5.)They can

20、speak English, cant they?(6.)You will come in, wont you?B前一部分用否定式，后一部分就用肯定式。(1.)He isnt a singer,is he?(2.)They dont play the guitar,do they?(3.)You couldnt write it, could you?(4.)We did nt see Tom, did we?(5.)She hasnt seen Lily, has she?(6.)he cant ride the bike,can he? 2前后人称一致。(1).We are teacher

21、s ,arent we? (2.)She comes from Japan,doesnt she? (3.)He read maths every day last year,didnt she? (4.) They have done their work, havent they?(5.)It will be fine, wont it?3前后时态一致。(1.)You are a teacher ,arent you?(2.)He comes from Japan,doesnt he?(3.)She studied Chinese last year,didnt she?(4.) They

22、 have learned English, havent they?(5.)It will rain , wont it?4简短问句部分要用缩写形式。(1.)You are a student,arent you ?(2.)She reads Chinese every day,doesnt she?(3.)John went to scholl, didnt he?(4.)She has done his homework,hasnt he?(5.)They can speak English, cant they?(6.)You will come in, wont you?5简短问句部

23、分的主语要用人称代词主格。(1.)This book is yours,isnt it?(2.)Tom dosent know me, does he?(3.)Lucy and Lily played the piano,didnt they?(4.)Kates dog has eaten 3 chichens,hasnt it?(5.)His desk and bike are red,arent they?(6.)His milk isnt bad, is it?反意疑问句中的特例。 (1.) There be 变成be There： There are 3 dogs ,are there

24、?(2.)I am a worker，arent ant I? (3.)陈述部分是祈使句时，从句应具体情况具体对待。Dont forget it will you? (不用Wont you? ) Come here early please,willwont you?Lets go to the beach, shallshant we?Let us go to the beach, willwont you?（4.）陈述部分谓语是think,suppose,believe,expect等，且主语为第一人称或第二人称时，简略句肯定或否定语气与主句对应，而主语和时态却与从句一致。I dont t

25、hink you are right,are you? I dont believe he has done it,has he?(5.) 当陈述部分的主语为代词-body,-one构成的不定代词时，简略句的主语多用they; 当陈述部分的主语为-ing构成的不定代词时，简略句的主语多用it.Everyone is here,arent they? Playing football in the street is right, isnt it?(6.)当陈述部分的主语为代词： this,that,nonthing,不定式，动名词或从句时，简略句的主语用it,陈述部分的主语为these,tho

26、se,nobody,eveybody,somebody等，简略句的主语用they。That is a dog,isnt it? These are apples, arent they?Nothing is right, is it?To see is tobelieve, isnit?Everyone comes here ,dont they? Nobody can help us,can they? Everything is ready,isnt it?(7.)当陈述部分的主语含有no,never,hardly,little,seldom few,等词，这部分按否定处理，为简略句应用肯

27、定式。He can hardly read English,can he？It seldom rains here,does it?He has no classes today,does he?(8.)当陈述部分的主语含有un-,-less,dis-等带有前（后）缀的词，这部分按肯定处理，简略句应用否定式。It is unfair ,isnt it?He dislike it, doesnt he?（9）当陈述部分的情态动词表推测时的特殊情况：当陈述部分的情态动词表推测时简略句应以情态动词后的动词为标准，去作相对应的变化。Jack must have arrived here,hasnt h

28、e?Li Ping must have finished her work last night,didnt she?初中语法练习：反意疑问句练习1. He hasnt any sister, _? 2.He is a teacher, _? 3. What a lovely day, _? 4. Let me have a rest, _? 5. Dont forget to post the letter, _? 6.Open the window, _?7. Lets have a meeting, _? 8. He has few good friends,_?9. There is

29、nothing wrong,_?10. I am new here, _?11. We are thirteen years old, _?12. Miss Gao is a good teacher, _?13.He cant swim, _?14.There are few people in the room, _?15.There is some water in the glass, _?16.Your brother went to Beijing last Sunday, _?17. Kates mother likes apples, _?18. Little water is

30、 in the bottle, _?19. Lets go to the park, _? 20. Dont sit here, _?21. I dont think he would like some meat, _?22. Something is wrong with your bike, _?23. She has nothing to do, _?24. There will be no problem in your study, 25. I am in my room, _? 26. Mike never bought a bike, _?27. The weather her

31、e is very cold, _?28.She doesnt finish her homework, 29. She had to wait for him yesterday, _?30. Tom can sing this song in English,_? 31. There are few people on the playground. _?A. are there B. are they C. arent there D. arent they 32. There is little water in the bottle . _?A. isnt there B. is t

32、here C. isnt it D. is it33. Jack broke his leg. _?A. did Jack B. didnt Jack C. did he D. didnt he 34. Li Ping studied hard _ he ?A. was B. did C. wasnt D. didnt 35. They go to school on foot every day _ they?A. do B. dont C. are D. arent 36. Alice has to finish her work now. _ ?A. has she B. hasnt s

33、he C. does she D. doesnt she 37. Uncle Sam had to say sorry for his mistakes. _ ?A. did he B. had he C. didnt he D. hadnt he 38. Tell me something about yow family. _?A. do you B. dont you C. havent you D. will you39. The foreigner can hardly speak Chinese. _ he ?A. can B. doesnt C. cant D. does40.

34、You are hungry, arent you?- _ . I have just had my lunch.A. Yes, I am B. Yes, I do C. No, Im not D. No, I dont 41. You wont follow his example, will you? _. I dont think he is right.A. No, I wont B. Yes. I will C. No, I will D. Yes. I wont 42. Its a fine day, _ it?A. isnt B. wasnt C. doesnt D. hasnt

35、43. I dont think you are right._?A. do you B. are you C. dont you D. arent you1. 形容词的用法；2. 副词的用法；3. 形容词和副词原级、比较级、最高级的用法；4. 形容词和副词在句中的区别和位置。【名师点睛】1. 形容词的用法 (1) 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。 例如： Our country is a beautiful country. （作定语） The fish went bad. （作表语）We keep our classroom clean and tidy. （作宾语补足语）(2)

36、 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。 I have something important to tell you. Is there anything interesting in the film. (3) 用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。 Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. You can take any box away, bi

37、g or small. (4) the形容词表示一类人或物 The rich should help the poor.2. 副词的用法(1) 副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。 He studies very hard. （作状语）Life here is full of joy. （作定语）When will you be back? （作表语）副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类：1)时间副词时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes

38、, often, usually, always等。例如：He often comes to school late.What are we going to do tomorrow?He is never been to Beijing.2)地点副词地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。例如：I met an old fri

39、end of mine on my way home.He went upstairs.Put down your name here.3)方式副词方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的，其中绝绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quic

40、k, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。例如：The old man walked home slowly.Please listen to the teacher carefully.The birds are flying high.He runs very fast.4)水准副词水准副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的水准副词有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly

41、, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。例如：Her pronunciation is very good.She sings quite well.I can hardly agree with you.5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how, when, where, why等。例如：How are you getting along with your studies?Where were you yesterday?Why did you do that?(2)副词在句中的位置1)多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放

42、在宾语之后。例如：Mr. Smith works very hard.She speaks English well.2)频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。例如：He usually gets up early.Ive never heard him singing.She is seldom ill.3)水准副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如：It is a rather difficult job.He runs very fast.He didnt work hard enough.4)副

43、词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：On my way home, I met my uncle.The students there have a lot time to do their own research work.(3)部分常用副词的用法1) very, much这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如：She is a very nice girlIm feeling much better now.Much能够修饰动词，而very则不能。例如：I dont like the idea muc

44、h.They did not talk much.2) too, either这两个副词都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。例如：She can dance, and I can dance, too.I havent read the book and my brother hasnt either.3) already, yetalready一般用于肯定句，yet一般用于否定句。例如：He has already left.Have you heard from him yet?He hasnt answered yet.4) so, neitherso和neithe

45、r都可用于倒装句， 但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。例如：My brother likes football and so do I.My brother doesnt like dancing and neither do I.3. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级(1) 两个人或事物的比较时（不一定每一方只有一个人或一个事物），用比较级。 Our teacher is taller than we are. The boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class.(2) most 同形容词连用而不用 the,表示 极,很

46、,非常, 十分。 Its most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。 (3) The+形容词比较级., the+形容词比较级.表示 越. 就越.。 The more you study, the more you know. (4) 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 , 表示 越来越. 。 Its getting hotter and hotter. (5) 主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。 This box is as big as mine. (6) the + 形容词 表示某种人。 He always helps

47、the poor. (7) 形容词和副词最高级用于三个或三个以上的人和物实行比较。 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.【实例解析】1. (2004年北京市中考试题) -Which is _, the sun, the moon or the earth? -Of course the moon is. A. small B. smaller C. smallest D. the smallest 答案：D。该题考查的是形容词的比较等级的用法。因为是太阳，地球和月亮三者实行比较，选用形容词的最高级，而且最高级之前要加定冠词the。所以选

48、D。2. (2004年上海徐汇区中考试题) He has made _ progress this term than before. A. little B. less C. fewer D. much 答案 B。该题考查的是形容词比较等级的用法。因为是现在和过去实行比较，所以要用比较级，又因为是修饰不可数名词，只能用less, 而不能用fewer。3. (2004年江西省中考试题) -What delicious cakes! -They would taste _ with butter. A. good B. better C. bad D. worse 答案：B。该题考查的是形容词的

49、比较等级。答话人的意思应该是“如果加上点黄油，这些蛋糕会更好吃。”这里就有一种比较：加黄油和不加黄油。既然是比较，就要用比较级。因为这里讲的是好吃和更好吃，所以C,D要舍去，而选better。4. (2004年河北省中考试题) Bob never does his homework _ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes. A. so careful as B. as carefully as C. carefully as D. as careful as 答案：B。该题考查的是形容词和副词的用法区别。因为该词修饰的是动作“做家庭作业”，所以要用副词。又因为表示一

50、方不如另一方要用句型“not as+副词原级+as”，所以只能选B。【中考演练】一. 单项填空1There are many young trees on _ sides of the road. A. every B. each C. both D. all2- Its so cold today. - Yes, its _ than it was yesterday. A. more cold B. more colder C. much colder D. cold3Little Tom has _ friends, so he often plays alone. A. more B.

51、 a little C. many D. few4She isnt so _at maths as you are. A. well B. good C. better D. best5Peter writes _ of the three. A. better B. best C. good D. well6He is _ enough to carry the heavy box. A. stronger B. much stronger C. strong D. the strongest7I bought _ exercise-books with _money. A. a few;

52、a few B. a few; a little C. a little; a few D. a little; a little8The box is _heavy for the girl _carry. A. too; to B. to; too C. so; that D. no; to9The ice in the lake is about one meter _. Its strong enough to skate on. A. long B. high C. thick D. wide10Wu Lin ran _ faster than the other boys in the sport