定语从句的用法和精练

1、定语从句的用法和精练修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。I dont like people who talked much .He likes books that was written by luxun.二定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词相关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。注意 1【当先行词是物用that或Which。是人用Who whom(只做宾语)或that】

2、2切记what不能引导定语从句.3 定语从句主谓一致（当引导词在句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要看先行词，因为引导词所代指的就是先行词）The men who are reading books are my friendsTom is one of the boys that are from USA三、关系代词的用法 1. that 既能够用于指人,或指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语不可省略) The coat (that) I put o

3、n the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语可省略) 2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如： The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语) The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语) 3.who, whom用于指人,作主语用who ,作宾语用who或 whom。Eg The gir

4、l who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面协助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语) The teacher (who|whom) Li Ming is talking to is my English teacher? 正在与李明谈话的老师是我英语老师.(作宾语) 注意：(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that, which可省略,但介词提前表物只用which介词提前表人只用whom例如： This is the house (which|that) we lived in last year （可

5、省略 ）This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。（介词表物提前只用which不用that）The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li。 (介词提前表人只用whom不用who） (2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如： This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。 四。关系词只能用that的情况： 1). 先行词被序数词,最高级所修饰,或被the only, the very,

6、 the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如： He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 This is the most beautiful mountain that I have seen.This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 2).先行词为不定代词表物时 something, everything, anything 或,all, any, much, many, none, the

7、one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如： Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗? 4). 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如： I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。 5).以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如： Who is the girl that is cr

8、ying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁? 6）.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如： There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。 关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况： 1.先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如： Whats that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么? 2.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如： This is the room in which

9、he lives. 这是他居住的房间。 定语从句中只用who不用that的情况1先行词是不定代词表人时somebody, anyone等或one, ones，those 或被those修饰，指人时One who does not work hard will never succeed.Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.She is the only one who has been to the USA.Those who learn not only from books but also through practice will

10、succeed2在以there be的句子中，先行词为人时There is a stranger outside who wants to see you.五、关系副词的用法 (1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如： This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。 (2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如： This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。 (3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如： Nobody knows the reason why he

11、is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。 变为定语从句1 The lady is my English teacher, You saw her just now.2 The nurse is very kind.she looks after my little brother3 The medicine was helpful,Dr Li gave it to me.4 The play was very interesting ,we saw it the night before.5 Do you know her? We met the wom

12、an at the gate.I.单项填空。 1. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father? -Yes, hes our headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom 2. Is this the river _I can swim? A. which B. in which C. that D. the one 3. This is the best hotel in the city _I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it 4. Can you len

13、d me the dictionary _the other day? A. that you bought B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it 5. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands. A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree 6. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing. A. that B. it C. which who

14、7. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gate A. whos B. whose C. that of which. 8. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister. A. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was 9. I love places _the people are really friendly. A. that B. which C. where D. who 10. The world _ is made up of ma

15、tter. A. in that we live B. on which we live C. where we live in D. we live in 11. This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday.A. that B. who C. whom D. this12. The man _ lives next to us is my English teacher.A. who m B. which C. who D. /A. the one B. that C. which D. /13. The only language _ is e

16、asy to learn is the mother tongue.A. which B. that C. / D. it14. The girl handed everything _ she had picked up in the street to the police.A. which B. in which C. that D. all15. _ cleans the blackboard should be praised.A. That B. Who C. The one who D. The students who16. Please show me the book _

17、you bought yesterday.A. which B. whom C. whose D. this17. This is the best book _ I have been looking for all this year.A. who B. whom C. which D. /18. This is the only article of these that _ written by him.A. was B. were C. is D. are19 The man _ was here just now is a doctor.A. whom B. who C. / D.

18、 he20. The boy _ has two lovely dogs.A. who live next door B. which lives next doorC. whom lives next door D. that lives next door21 Those _ made no mistakes in todays exercises please raise your hands.A. which B. whom C. that D. who22. Dont go in, this is the shop _ we have just been _.A. /, to B.

19、that, / C. where, to D. which, there23. He is the most careful boy _ I know.A. what B. which C. as D. ./ 24 This is the school _ Mr. Smith once taught.A. in that B. when C. where D. there25. Have you visited the house _ the famous scientist was born?A. where B. in that C. that D. which26. The factor

20、y _ Mr. Li used to work was closed last week.A. when B. where C. that D. which27. Do you still remember the day _ we first met?A. that B. when C. what D. on that28. The time _ we studied together is not easily forgotten.29. October 1,1949 is the day _ well never forget.A. when B. that C. where D. in

21、 which30. October 1,1949 was the day _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded.A. which B. when C. where D. in which31. Is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing?A. which B. where C. in which D. what32 Is this museum _ they visited last month?A. that B. which C. where D. the one33 I still rememb

22、er the sitting-room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.A. what B. which C. that D. where. 用适当的关系代词填空。 1. The first thing _you must do is to have a meal. 2. April 1st is the day _is called April Fools Day in the west. 3. The family _had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their

23、 friends. 4. The house _we live in is very old. 5. Didnt you see the man _I talked with just now? 定语从句由关系代词who、whom、whose、which、what和关系副词where、when、why等引导，但须记住： 1.what不能引导定语从句. 2.关系词的分析须考虑它在定语从句中的成分。 一.指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that. 试分析： The old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous arti

24、st. Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing . The man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster. （=The man who/whom that my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster.）注： A 指人时有时只用who不宜用that。 1先行词为one、ones或anyone （1）The comrade I want to lear

25、n from is the one who studies hard and works hard. （2）Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. 2先行词为these时 These who are going to Beijing are the best students of our school. 3在there be 开头的句子中 There is a student who wants to see you. 4一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who，以免重复。 The student

26、that won the first prize is the monitor who works hards. 5在非限制性定语从句中 A。I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from Japan. B主句以who开头的句子中,只用that,不用who。 二指物的关系代词有which、whose(=of which)、that. 试分析： 1. I like the books which / that were written by Lu Xun. 2. The desks (which/that) we made

27、 last year were very good. 3. This is the house in which we lived last year. (= This is the house which /that we lived in last year.) 4. I live in the room whose windows face south. (= I live in the room ,the windows of which face south.) 注： A. 介词如果位于作为其宾语的关系代词之前时，只能用whom、 which不能用who或that. (1). The

28、 girl about whom they were talking is our monitor. (2). The book in which there are many interesting things was written by Li Ming. B. 部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开，在定语从句中其介词不可前置，只能放在其动词之后。 Is this the book which she is looking for? The old man who/whom they are waiting for is Professor Li. The child who/whom s

29、he is looking after is Wang Pings son. C 指物时，下列情况下只能用that ，不宜用which。 （1）先行词为不定代词，如All、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、the one等。 We are willing to do anything that is good to the people. I have told them all (that) I know. All that can be done has been done. （2）先行词是序数词或被序数词、修饰时。 The f

30、irst book that I read last night was an English novel. （3）先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时。 This is one of the most interesting films that I have ever seen. This is the best that can be done now. （4）如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时(先行词既有人又有物)，定语从句的关系代词用which和who都不合适，只能用that。 We know nothing about the doctors and the hospit

31、als that you are talking about. There are sheep and men that can be seen on the hill. （5）如果先行词被the only、the very、the last、the same、any、 few 、little、no、 all 、one of、 just修饰时。 This is the only book that can be lent to you. （6）当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时，关系代词只用that。 Which is the dictionary that he used yesterda

32、y ? D只物时，下列情况下只能用which，不宜用that。 （1）关系代词放在介词之后 This is the factory in which we once worked. （2）非限制性定语从句中 This is the book, which is written by Lu Xun. （3）that，Those作主语时 Those which are on the desk are English books. E先行词前有such、the same、 as时, 关系代词用as，不用that, 但the sameas表示同样的, the samethat表示同一的 He know

33、s as many people as are present at the meeting. Such people as you refer to are rare nowadays. 三比较When/which、where /which、why. which I still never forget. This is the day when I joined the party. which he spent reading the books. where I found the book. which makes machines. This is the place which

34、we once visited. which I will never forget. which I am looking for. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别： 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 All the students who study hard have passed.学习努力的学生都考试及格了。(只有努力的及格了，不努力的没及格。) All the students ,who study hard have passed.所有的学生都及格了，他们学习努力。（没有人不及格，这些学生都很努力。） 从句是先行词不可缺少的定语（如去掉，主句意思就不完整或不准确。） 从句

35、是对先行词的附加说明（如去掉，主句意思仍清楚，不受影响。） 与主句关系密切，不用逗号 与主句关系不十分密切，用逗号与主句隔开译为汉语时，从句译在先行词前，与先行词用“的”连接 译为汉语时，从句放在主句后面关系代词that能够代替who、whom(指人)、which(指物) 关系代词不用that,只用who、whom(指人)、which(指物) 关系代词代替宾语时能够省略 关系代词不能省略关系代词as和which 先研究下面两个例句： 1.This elephant is like a snake, as /which everybody can see. =As everybody can s

36、ee, this elephant is like a snake. 任何人都看得出来，这头象像条蛇。 2.Tom didnt pass the physics exam, which made his parents very angry. Tom物理考试不及格，这使得他父亲很生气。 这两个例句中，as和which所代表的都是整个主句所表示的内容。但有两点不同之处： 1 在形式上as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句的后面，也可位于主句的前面；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句的后面，不能位于主句的前面。 2 在意义上，as引导的定语从句和主句的关系一般为一致关系，常译为“正如”，

37、“就像”，而which引导的定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系，或which引导的定语从句是对主句的评论。所以，在意思通顺的情况下，which可代替as，而as很多时候不能代替which，如句2。再如： 1He was late again, as / which we had expected. =As we had expected, he was late again. 正如我们所料，他又迟到了。/他又迟到了这是我们早就料到的。 2 The street hasnt been cleared for weeks, which makes it very dirty. 街道好多星期没有打扫了，

38、所以整条街很脏。（不用as） 3The young man cheated his friend of much money, which was disgraceful. 那年轻人诈骗了他朋友很多钱财，这是不光彩的。（不 用as） 4He takes exercise everyday, which has done a lot of good to his health. 他每天运动，这对他的身体很有好处。（不用as） 5As has already been pointed out, English is rather difficult for a foreigner. 正如已经指出的

39、那样，英语对于初学者说，是相当难学的。在suchas、the sameas、 as、 as many/much as等结构中,as不能用which代替。如： 1.Such books as this are too difficult for beginners. 这样的书对于初学的人来说是太难了。 =Books such as this are =Books like this are 2.I live in the same building as he (does). 我和他住再同一座大楼里。 3.He knows as many people as are present at the meeting. 他