人教版八年级上英语讲义 · Unit 8与练习2

1、 八年级上英语讲义Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?学生姓名 就读学校 时 间 本章的知识清单知识框架表知识点重要性级别U 8重点句型How do you make a banana milk shake?How many bananas do we need?We need three bananas.How much yogurt do we need?We need one cup of yogurt.Turn on the blender.Cut up the bananas.Pour the milk into the blende

2、r.Next, fill the turkey with this bread mix.语法可数名词和不可数名词的用法祈使句的用法 Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?短语集萃1. turn on 打开2. cut up 切碎3. milk shake 奶昔4. pour into 把倒进里5. fruit salad 水果沙拉6. put into 把放进里7. a piece of 一片8. fill with 用装满9. cover with 用覆盖10. serve sth. to sb. 把某物端给某人11. one by one 一

3、个接一个12. a cup of 一杯13. how many+可数名词复数 多少14. how much+不可数名词 多少15. mix up 混合在一起16. add to 把加到上17. reason for 的理由18. another ten minutes 再过10分钟单元语法-（一）祈使句 祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、劝告、警告或禁止等语气的句子。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称，通常省略，谓语动词用动词原形。祈使句的句末通常用句号或感叹号。（一）祈使句的四种句式：1. Let型：Let+宾语+动词原形+其他. Let him come here. 让他来这儿。2. Do型：行为动词原

4、形+宾语+其他. Cut up these bananas. 把这些香蕉切碎。3. Be型：Be+表语（名词、形容词等）+其他. Be quiet. 保持安静。4. No+动名词/名词. No smoking! 禁止吸烟！ No photos! 禁止拍照！注意：为了使祈使句的语气更委婉，常在句首或句尾加上please。 Sit down, please. 请坐。经典例题 例1. _ carefully, Michael! Theres a school ahead. A. Drive B. To drive C. Drove D. Driving 答案：A例2. -Jim, _ read bo

5、oks while you are walking in the street. Its very dangerous. -OK, thank you. A. dont B. doesnt C. wont D. cant答案：A（二）可数名词与不可数名词1. 英语中个体名词是可数名词，它们所表示的人或物可以用数来计量。例如：banana, apple, watermelon, tomato等。物质名词一般是不可数名词，它们所表示的事物不能用数来计量。例如：milk, yogurt, honey, bread等。2. 可数名词有复数形式，不可数名词没有复数形式。3. 可数名词单数前面可用不定冠词

6、a/ an；不可数名词前不能用a/ an。Would you like an apple? 你想要一个苹果吗？ I like milk. 我喜欢牛奶。4. 可数名词复数可以用a few, few, many等修饰；不可数名词则可以用a little, little, much等修饰。many books 许多书 a little water 一点儿水5. 可数名词的计数可以直接用数词表示；不可数名词的计数要使用量词来表示。three oranges 三个橘子 a cup of tea 一杯茶6. 有些词既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词。lots of= a lot of许多，大量；some

7、一些，用于肯定句；any一些，用于否定句或疑问句。例3. -What can I do for you? -Er, I want a glass of milk, some bread and _. A. some chickens B. any chickens C. some chicken答案：C例4. Im going to the supermarket to buy some _ this afternoon. A. paper and pencil B. apples and banana C. milk and eggs D. bowl and spoons答案：C（三）how

8、 many与how much1. how many常用来提问可数名词的数量。其结构为：How many+复数名词+一般疑问句?How many tomatoes do you need? 你需要多少西红柿？2. how much常用来提问不可数名词的量。其结构为：How much+不可数名词+一般疑问句?How much milk do you need? 你需要多少牛奶？拓展：how much还可以用来提问价格，其结构为：How much+ be+ sth.?How much are these bananas? 这些香蕉多少钱？例5. -_ people are there in your

9、 family? -Three. A. How often B. How long C. How many D. How much答案：C语法专练与中考对接语法专练单项选择1. -_ yogurt do you want? -Three spoons. A. How many B. How much C. How often D. What2. -_ apples does she have? -Four. A. How many B. How much C. How often D. What3. Lets _ fruit salad. A. makes B. to make C. maki

10、ng D. make4. -Can I help you, sir? -Yes. Id like five _ and some peas(豆子). A. tomatoes B. potato C. meat D. banana5. Dont _ to say “Thank you.” when someone helps you. A. forgets B. forget C. forgot D. forgetting6. _ fruit salad, please. A. Make B. To make C. Making D. Makes名校金题1. I was so busy with

11、 my school work that I had _ time to play with my friends in those days. A. little B. a little C. few D. a few答案：A2. I walked a long way. _, I got there. A. Next B. First C. Then D. Finally 答案：D3. We all know that good friends _ happiness to life. A. added B. adds C. adding D. add答案：D4. Jack _ the m

12、icrowave oven and warmed the milk. A. turned on B. turned off C. turned up D. turned down答案：A5. Time is not enough for so much work. _ are needed, I think. A. More three persons B. Three more persons C. Three another persons D. Another three person答案：B中考真题1. People usually like the TV channels with

13、funnier programmes but _ advertisements. A. few B. little C. fewer D. less答案：C2. _ wake up your sister, Ben. She needs a good sleep. A. Dont B. Doesnt C. Arent D. Cant 答案：A3. -What kind of porridge would you like, Alice? - I would like _. A. egg porridge B. eggs porridge C. fish porridges D. fishes

14、porridge答案：A4. -_ apples do we need to make fruit salad? - Let me think We need three apples. A. How long B. How often C. How much D. How many答案：D5. -Would you like to have _ apples? - No, thank you. Ive had enough. A. other two B. another two C. more two D. two others 答案：BSection A考点 Turn on the bl

15、ender. 打开搅拌器。turn on意为“打开”，其反义词组是turn off， 意为“关上”。它们是由“动词+副词”构成的短语动词，宾语是代词时，代词应放在动词与副词中间；宾语是名词时，名词既可放在副词后面也可放在动词与副词中间。Please dont turn on the blender. 请不要打开搅拌器。 I want to watch TV. Please turn it on. 我想看电视。请打开它。考点 Cut up the bananas. 切碎香蕉。cut up意为“切碎”，同义短语为cut into pieces。My mother usually cuts up m

16、eat before she makes dumplings. 我妈妈包水饺前通常先把肉切碎。Cut up the apples for me. = Cut the apples into pieces for me. 把苹果给我切成小块。注意：cut up是一个“动词+副词”类型的短语。当名词作宾语时，名词既可放在副词后面，也可放在动词与副词中间；当代词作宾语时，则要放在动词与副词中间。考点 Pour the milk into the blender. 把牛奶倒入搅拌器。pour此处用作及物动词，意为“倒出；倾倒”。pour into意为“把倒进里”。He poured some wate

17、r into the cup. 他往杯子里倒了些水。 Dont pour dirty water into the river. 不要往河里倒脏水。拓展：pour后还可接双宾语。pour sb. sth.= pour sth. for sb. 意为“给某人倒某物”。Could I pour you a cup of tea? = Could I pour a cup of tea for you? 我可以给你倒杯茶吗？考点 Next, put the beef, carrots and potatoes into a pot and add some water. 接下来，把牛肉、胡萝卜和土豆

18、放进锅里，加些水。（1）put into意为“把放到里”，其中into是表示动态的介词。He put all the apples into the box. 他把所有的苹果放到了箱子里。拓展：put的相关短语：putin 把放进里 puton 把放到上（2）add在此处作及物动词，意为“增加；添加”。The fire is going out. Will you add some wood? 火要灭了，你添点儿木头好吗？Add 5 to 3 and you have 8. 3加5等于8.拓展：add的相关短语：addto 把加进里 add to增加（其宾语多为困难、欢乐等抽象名词）考点 No

19、, one more thing. 不，还有一件事。more形容词，意为“又；再”，与another同义。 He wants to have two more apples. 他想再吃两个苹果。拓展：数词+more+名词= another+数词+名词 two more days= another two days 另外两天考点 Finally, dont forget to add some salt. 最后，不要忘了加些盐。finally用作副词，意为“最后；最终”，其近义词组是at last或in the end。Finally, they thought of a good idea.

20、最终，他们想出了一个好主意。拓展： finally常与first, next及then一起使用，用来描述做某事的过程或步骤，使叙述更具逻辑性，意为“首先，接着，然后，最后”。Section B考点 First, put some butter on a piece of bread. 首先，把一些黄油抹在一片面包上。piece用作可数名词，意为“片；块；段”，其复数形式为pieces。a piece of意为“一片/ 张/ 条/ 首”，常与不可数名词连用，用来表达量。“two/ three pieces of+ 不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Two pieces of bread

21、are enough. 两片面包足够了。考点 Next, fill the turkey with this bread mix. 接下来，用这些面包混合物填满火鸡。fill此处用作及物动词，意为“（使）充满；装满”，其反义词为empty（倒空）。fill with 意为“用装满”，表示动作。 Fill the box with apples. 把箱子里装满苹果。 He filled his schoolbag with books. 他把书包里装满了书。拓展：be filled with意为“充满；装满”，相当于be full of，主语多为容器之类的东西，with或of后接所要装的东西。

22、The glass is filled with water. = The glass is full of water. 杯子里装满了水。考点 When it is ready, place the turkey on a large plate and cover it with gravy. 当一切就绪，把火鸡放置在一个大盘子上，浇上肉汁。cover在此处为及物动词，意为“遮盖；覆盖”。coverwith 意为“用盖上”。be covered with意为“被覆盖”。Dont cover your face with the book. 不要用书盖着你的脸。 The ground is

23、covered with snow. 地上被雪覆盖。拓展：cover还可用作可数名词，意为“覆盖物；盖子”。考点 serve it to your friends with some vegetables. 和一些蔬菜一道端给你的朋友。serve在此处为及物动词，意为“接待；服务；提供”，其后可接名词、代词作宾语，也可接双宾语。serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. “为某人提供某物，为某人端上某物”。The waiter served us tea. = The waiter served tea to us. 服务生给我们端上了茶。拓展：serve的名词形式s

24、ervice意为“服务；接待”。The service in your shop is very good. 你的商店的服务很好。考点 Now, its time to enjoy the rice noodles! 现在，是享用米线的时候了！Its time (for sb.) to do sth. 意为“是做某事的时候了”。Its time to get up. 是起床的时候了。 Its time for us to have a rest. 到我们休息的时间了。拓展：Its time for sth. 意为“是的时候了”，for是介词，后跟名词或代词。Its time for lunch

25、. 是吃午餐的时间了。Section A知识梳理I. 根据汉语意思写出下列单词1. 摇动；抖动 _ 2. 倒出；倾倒 _ 3. 勺；调羹 _ 4. 食盐 _5. 食糖 _ 6. 玉米；谷物 _ 7. 掘（地）；凿（洞）；挖（土）_ 8. 洞；孔；坑 _II. 根据汉语意思写出下列短语1. 奶昔 _ 2. 接通，打开 _ 3. 切碎 _4. 把倒入 _ 5. 挖个坑 _ 6. 取出，拿出 _考点闯关I. 根据句意及首字母提示完成单词 1. A w_ is a kind of fruit. It is red inside and green outside.答案：watermelon 2. A

26、blender is a useful m_.答案：machine 3. To make the milk sweeter, you can add some s_.答案：sugar 4. S_ the orange juice before you drink it.答案：Shake 5. Jim, Im making soup. I need a s_ of salt.答案：spoonII. 单项选择1. Its dark in the room. Please _ the light. A. turn on B. turn up C. turn down D. turn off答案：A2

27、. Little Tom needs _ to finish his work. A. one more hour B. one another hour C. more one hour D. one hour another答案：A3. Give me _, please. A. three honey B. three spoon of honey C. three honeys D. three spoons of honey答案：D4. -_ milk do we need? -One bottle. A. How many B. How much C. How often D. H

28、ow long答案：B5. Heres a watermelon. Please _. A. cup up it B. cut it up C. cut up them D. cut them up答案：BIII. 句型转换1. My brother needs two oranges. (对画线部分提问) _ _ oranges _ your brother _?答案：How many; does; need 2. They need two cups of yogurt. (对画线部分提问) _ _ yogurt _ they need?答案：How much; do 3. Theres

29、some bread. (改为一般疑问句) _ _ _ bread?答案：Is there any 4. Pour the milk into the blender. (改为否定句) _ pour the milk into the blender.答案：Dont 5. You must add eggs to the sandwich. (改为祈使句) _ _ _ the sandwich.答案：Add eggs toSection B知识梳理I. 根据汉语意思写出下列单词 1. 传统的；惯例的 _ 2. 漂泊者；旅行者 _ 3. （使）充满；装满 _ 4. 片；块；段 _ 5. 秋天；秋

30、季 _ 6. 庆祝；庆贺 _ 7. （使）混合；融合 _ 8. 遮盖；覆盖 _ 9. 接待；服务；提供 _ 10. 温度；气温；体温 _II. 根据汉语意思写出下列短语 1. 一片/块 _ 2. 用装满 _ 3. 混合在一起 _ 4. 的理由 _考点闯关I. 根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词 1. We will have a party to c_ Kellys birthday.答案：celebrated 2. Every year many t_ come to our town on holiday.答案：travelers 3. I ate two p_ of bread.答案：p

31、ieces 4. _ (秋天) is coming. It will be cooler. 5. I want to eat two _ (三明治).II. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Thanksgiving Day is a _ (tradition) festival in the United States.答案：traditional 2. The old man _ (die) two years ago.答案：died 3. I learn English by _ (ask) teachers for help.答案：asking 4. Its time _ (cel

32、ebrate) his birthday.答案：to celebrate 5. Can your mother make _ (tomato) and egg soup?答案：tomatoIII. 单项选择1. Hot soup is ready. _ your friends now. A. Serve to B. Serve it to C. Serve to it D. Serve it for答案：B2. Dont _ the blender _ too much yogurt. A. fill; with B. fill; of C. full; with D. full; of答案

33、：C3. Put the things in the bowl and _, please. A. mix up it B. mix it up C. mix up them D. mix them up答案：C4. They _ the tables with clean white cloths. A. covered B. took C. served D. celebrated答案：A5. -Its too hot today. Whats the _? -Maybe its 35 . A. result B. weather C. temperature D. number答案：CI

34、V. 句型转换 1. She needs a piece of bread. (对画线部分提问) _ _ bread _ she need?2. There are two cups of tea on the table. (对画线部分提问) _ _ cups of tea _ _ on the table? 3. Its time for school. (改为同义句) Its time _ _ _ school. 4. The waiter served us hot tea. (改为同义句) The waiter _ _ _ _ _. 5. The bottle is filled w

35、ith water. (改为同义句) The bottle _ _ _ water.第8单元过关检测题I. 单项选择1. _ the water into the bottle, please. A. Make B. Pour C. Take D. Drink答案：B2. -The banana is too big. -You can _ first. A. cut up them B. cut them up C. cut it up D. cut up it答案：C3. Do you like lettuce _ sandwiches? A. of B. in C. at D. with

36、答案：B4. -Id like to eat _ bread and _ bananas. -Here you are. A. a; a little B. a piece of; much C. many; many D. a piece of; a few答案：D5. -Lets make fruit salad. -_. A. No, Im not B. Thank you C. Thats all right D. Thats a good idea答案：D6. -What is your favorite food? -I like _ best. I had a large bow

37、l last night. A. potato noodle B. potatoes noodle C. potato noodles D. potatoes noodles答案：C7. Finally, we found a way _ a banana milk shake. A. make B. made C. to make D. to making答案：C8. Look! Tom is filling the cup _ tea. A. from B. for C. with D. at答案：C9. _ wine(酒), my children. You are students now. A. To drink B. Not to drink C. Dont drink