完型填空解题技巧及问题详解

1、高中英语专题讲解-完形填空解题技巧一、完型填空试题主要特点：1. 通常从一篇250词左右，夹叙夹议的文章中设空20个，首句不挖空做完形填空时要注意 文章开头提示句的点题作用和短文中完整句的启示作用；2. 考点层次可分为四类：单词层次，词组层次，句子层次与语篇层次，突出语篇的理解，突 出文化背景；3. 干扰项设计严密，一般说来，四个选项的词性相同或属于同等或对等范畴，干扰项填入后 在语法上并不存在错误，对考生有很大的迷惑作用。二、完形填空的解题思路：1句子理解考查单句语境中词语运用2上下文理解考查并列句及复合句语境中词语的运用3段落理解围绕段落主旨的段落语境中词语的运用4文章中心理解一围绕文章中

2、心的文章整体语境中词语运用三、 为什么我们在这一题型上总是失分较多？1. 没有严格遵循答题步骤：多数同学考试时担心时间紧，在没有弄清短文的中心和文章的情节线索的情况下匆忙答题 事实上我们用在这一题上的时间可以达到15-18分钟.切记：一定要用2-3分钟时间进行缺词阅读，弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空.2. 不注意积累答题技巧：a. 忽略文章中上下文之间的照应关系；b. 遇到长句不注意分析句子结构，在语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随意作出选择.四、完型填空考查内容1.语篇信息词汇手段：复现同现语法手段：替代省略语法项目逻辑手段：顺序关系并列关系分指关系转折关系解释关系因果关系2.语篇结构（语境

3、理解）词汇1. 原词复现 All of a sudden I started to feel rather _1_.She wondered why I was looking for this sortof _2_.l felt even more hopeless when she told me that it would be difficult to get a jobwithout experie nee.1. A. en eouraged B. dissatisfied C. hopeless D. pleased C2. A. place B. job C. advice D.

4、 help B Every stude nt must wear their1whe n they are at school. There are2items ofuni forms : suits ， dresses ， shorts ， skirts and T-shirts. There are also Wasley schoolbags caps and socks.1. A. l ong hair B. thick glassesC. sports shoes D. school uni forms D2. A. much B. three C. ma ny D. a lot C

5、 My sister and I grew up in a little village in England. Our father was a struggling1 ,but I always knew he was 2_ . he n ever criticized us ,but used praise to bring outour best father said:“ when I was 23, my dad persuaded me to go into law” .1. A. biologist B. man ager C. lawyer D. garde ner C2.

6、A. strict B. hon est C. special D. lear ned C If he could replace his great pain with a feeli ng of love for others, the n I should beto give up my small irritation（，恼火）.A. ready B. likely C. freeD. able D Stude nts gen erally appreciate these special lear ning opport un ities . They are almost alwa

7、ysfun and in teresti ng , and professorsthem too because stude nts lear n so much in just afew short mon ths. A. hold B. like C. dislike D. discover B At the table next to mine sat an attractive, couple, wait ing for service.A. l on ely B. curious C. well-dressed D. bad-tempered C The n ext day Jenn

8、a went to see Mrs. Bide n about being on the school . Mrs. Bide n was nt as en thusiastic as Jenna.I m sorry, but we have eno ugh writer for the n ewspaper already.A.committee B. n ewspaper C. radio D. team B原词重现 I went to Wasley College with Winn ic today. Wasley is a large, old1. It has threebranc

9、h campuses （分校）： Clunes , Glen Waverly and Elasterwick. It has a primary school, a2school and a senior school. So there are twelve grades of3study ing there.1. A. school B. factory2. A. night B. ju nior3. A. workers B. boysC. movieD. hospital AC. highC. stude ntsD. spare-time BD. teachers CGarth s e

10、-mail was short, a textbook.but I learnedmore from thatmessagethan I ever did fromA. accurate B.urge nt C. brief D. humorous C同义词、近义词复现 Before sett ing out, I told Barrett this trip would be tiri ng and.A. rough B. dirty C. an xious D. viole nt A? Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in som

11、e places it is veryA. deep B. high C. cold D. dan gerous A? The correct water supply forecast is based more on the water from thethan from thebelow. A. clouds B. sky C. air D. above D? When we look at it as a whole, we begin to have some ,which even the best guide-books do not an swer.A. ideas B. op

12、inions C. feeli ngs D. questi ons D? But then again，would there be a chair in Room 316？ Or would it be a （ n） room ？A. small B. emptyC. new D. n eat B2. 词语的习惯用法和固定搭配 Here s a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himselfso much money.A. forB. by C. toD. of C We can see there is a lot of slee

13、p ing on the bus or train on thehome from work in theevenin gs. A.way B. track C. path D. road A.way根据搭配确定词汇 Lea ning back, sheher feet onto the sofa to get comfortable.A. shook B. put C. bent D. keptB. put put 。on to 把。放在/搁在。根据词义辨析确定词汇 There are many differentways of seeing a town for the first tim

14、e. One of them is to walk aroundit, guide-book hand. A. in B. at C. by D. on A3. 根据词汇的意义及用法辨析词义 Cassie looked at me, and her glare . I laughed, She smiledA. returned B. remai ned C. i ncreased D. softe ned D I knew she had strict sleeping habits, but I thought she ought to be able tosome of thisstri

15、ct ness. A. put up B. take up C. pick up D. give up D Soon I heard alike that of a door burst in and the n a climb of feet.D.shout Ashe discovered that twelve boys had made exactlyA. sound B. cry C. voice When the papers wereA. exam ined B. completedC. markedD. an sweredC4. 根据生活常识及文化背景知识进行选择hospital

16、. (Immediately ) the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to theA. ani malB. biggest C. pla ntD. n earest D It was an early morning in summer. In the streets, sleepy-eyed people were moving quickly, headi ng towards their1_. This was the begi nning of another 2_day in New York City.1. A. jobsB

17、. homes C. buses D. offices2. A. worki ng B. hotC. same D. ordi naryA. jobs 2题答案是 D. ordinary I made my san dwich that after noon while wait ing for Cassie.the butter-cream gave me anidea. A. Spreading B. Boiling C. Baking D. Holding A And video cameras can be used to people s actions at home.A. kee

18、p B. make C. recordD. watch C句际关系1.语法手段省略替代语法项目The stra nge Dr had bee n loved by some one: he had give n his life, as Charley,for a cause省略he believed right.A. / B.had been C. had D.had done C2. 逻辑手段：分指关系,转折关系，因果关系，解释关系，顺序关系，并列关系 A formal letter is very differe nt from an in formal letter. Formal l

19、etters1tobus in esses , schools or gover nment offices. 2 letters are for relatives , or former (以前的) teachers. You may write an in formal letter by hand, but you should 3a formal letter.1. A.sendB. are writte nC. writeD. are droppedB2. A.In formalB. FormalC. Busin essD. 1RelativeA3. A.copyB. typeC.

20、 writeD.shareBItwas astra nge no isethat made theman1his carsoon afterhe left a village2London. He got out of his(car and3thewheels（车轮）carefully, but as he foundnothing4he con ti nued his way.1. A.startB. stopC.slowD. speedB2. A.toB. forC. fromD. ofB3. A. repairedB. exam inedC. clea nedD. looked B4.

21、 A. wrong B. dan gerC. in terest ing D. matter Astillremember something that happened It has been many years since I was last in London during that visit. A. and B. for C. but D. as C She was small in figure but stro ng in.A. brain B. wish C. will D. health C Although the happiest time for many stud

22、ents is getting letters from home, my mailbox wasfreque ntly. A. empty B. full C. closed D. ope n A根据连词（and, but, although）确定选项。 Every morning I got on the school bus right n ear my home that was no problem. After school, when all the buses were lined up along the street, I was afraid that I d get o

23、n the wrong one and be take n to some, un familiar n eighborhood.A. though B. yet C. although D. still A He appeared calm,in side his heart was beat ing wildly with fear.A. and B. or C. but D. otherwise C Mark kn elt dow n and helped the boy picked up these articles.they were going the sameway, he h

24、elped to carry some of them for him.A. Although B. since C. After D. Un tilB since 表由于，引导原因状语从句，although让步状语从句，表转折,after引导时间状语从句. Think about it, , while walking to work, we mark where we are by passing a certain building,why should we not mark where we are whe n we pass a familiar, though unn amed,

25、 pers on?A. Because B. If C. Although D. HoweverB. if假设关系. Jenna, a popular girl from Westwood Middle School, had graduated first in her class and was ready for new challe nges in high school. , high school was differe nt.A. Therefore B. However C. Otherwise D. Besides B转折关系? Neils on con siders her

26、self luckyshe suffered injuries.A.a nd B.but C.though D.whe n C让步关系? I realized strength and courage aren t always measured in medals and victories， but in thestruggles we overcome （战胜）。 The strongest people are not always the people who win ， the people who don t give up when they lose.A. or B.nor

27、C. and D. but D? First of all , I respected his devoti on to teachi ng, I admired the fact that hewould talk to stude nts outside the classroom or talkFi nally , I was attracted by his livelysense of humor.（全国卷）A. Later B. Seco ndlyC. However D. Therefore B篇章结构（语境理解）在做完形填空时，我们要理清文章思路，把握作者的态度或思想感情，这对

28、做好一篇完形有着不可估量的作用，否则可能导致几个空格的连续选填失误。There are so many won derful stories about thein this dog, but my favorite is one thatcreated an image of how towhat is n eeded without reserve.Tears sprung to my eyes as I wit nessed this beautiful act of uncon diti onal love form an ani mal who taught us how to se

29、rve life with such grace.A. love B. pleasure C. faith D. memory AA. gain B. aba ndon C. give D. get C文章主要讲我家的狗对它的朋友的爱和无私的给予给作者带来的震撼。巧用语境暗示线索解题有的空格根据所在句的句意或附近上下文的语境我们无法作出正确的选择，要想作出正确判断，同学们应特别注意空格前后所出现的相关词语，尤其注意找出其中重复出现的暗示性词语。如：Four students from BurlingtonCollege of Higher Education are in the bell t

30、ower of the have made up their minds to ring the bells non stop for two weeks as a protest（抗议）aga instheavy trucks which run day and ni ght through the narrow High Street.（全国卷）A. college B. village C. tow nD. church D完形填空正确答题步骤：跳过空格，通读全文，把握大意结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案 瞻前顾后，先易后难，各个击破 再读全文，反复检查精讲精练一When Sir Winst

31、on Churchill, the great British Prime Minister, reached his eightieth birthdayin November, 1954, he was presented with his portrait by a well-known modem artist, GrahamSutherlanD . The painting had been ordered and paid for to 1 the Grand Old Man of World War n .Sir Winston and Lady Churchill were d

32、eeply moved by this 2 of respect and affecti on. 3of them, of course, allowed the others to see how much they both disliked the portrait.Itmakes me look 4 , which I am not!” protested Churchill in private（私下）. 5 , he onlyremarked that it was fine example of modern art. His friends smileD . It was kn

33、own that Churchills did nt 6 modern art.Churchill was so un happy abouttheportraitthat fin ally his wifehad it 7.Churchilldiedat ninety in 1965. Land Churchill8himin 1977.Shortly afterher death, the publiclearnedwhat had happe ned to the 9 _,_and a heatedargume ntbroke out. The pain ter was10 saD. T

34、heartist com muni ty, shocked and11_ saidthat thedestruct ionof the picture had bee nacrime（罪行）.Historians said that they regretted the disappearanee of a（n） 12 document. Allagreed that Churchills did nt have the 13 to do what they had done.Graham Sutherlandhad told Churchill that he would 14 him “

35、as he saw him ” . Churchillneverhad a cha nee to see the work in 15 since the pain ter 16 to show it to him. He found out only 17 he received his prese nt that Sutherla nd had see n him 18 a heavy, sick, tiredold man. Since he hated old age, he was n aturally 19 .Who has the right to a work of art,

36、the owner, the donor, or the artist who created it? Was the portrait a good one, as man y（i ncludi ng the pain ter） said? Or was it bad as others thought? Noneof these questi ons have bee n an swered yet to everybodys 20 .1. A . giveB.regardC.pai ntD.honour2. A . markB.pieceC.prizeD.trade3 . A . Nei

37、therB.BothC.EitherD.All4 . A . wiseB.ge ntleC.stupidD.happy5 . A . Fortunately B.ObviouslyC .Straight DPublicly6 . A . care forB.look likeC.turn dow n D.make up7 . A . hiddenB.hungC.destroyedD.returned8 . A . mournedB.missedC.followed Dburied9 . A . paintingB.manC.womanD.artist10 . A . un dersta nda

38、blyB . un expectedlyC . un reas on ably D . unthinkin gly11. A . afraidB.regretful C.curiousD.an gry12 . A. in teresti ngB.colorful C.expe nsiveD . historical13 . A . chanceB.rightC.powerD. courage14 . A . helpB.obeyC.pai ntD.show15. A. progressB.place C.n eedD.sight16. A. agreedB.promised C.refused

39、D.hated17. A. untilB.whe nC.beforeD.though18. A. asB.toC.aboutD.for19. A. movedB.worried C.tiredD.hurt20. A. surpriseB.disappo in tme nt C. delight D.satisfact ion精讲精练二It was already late when we set out for the next town, 1 accordingto the mapwas about fifteenmiles away on the other side of the 2 .

40、There we felt 3 that we would find a bed 4 the ni ght. Darkn ess fell soon after we left the village, but luckily we met 5 as we drove fast along the n arrow win di ng road that 6 the hills. As we climbed 7 , it became colder and rain bega n to fall, 8 it difficult at times to see the roaD . I asked

41、 John, my companion, to drive more 9 .After we had traveled for about twenty miles, there was still no sign of the town which was 10 on the map. We were beginning to get 11 . Then without warning the car stoppeD . A quick 12_ showed that we had run out of petrol（汽油）.Although we had little food with

42、us, we decidedto 13 the ni ght in the car.Our meal was soon over. I tried to go to sleep at on ce, 14 Joh n, who was a 15 sleeper, got out of the car after a few minu tes and went for a walk 16 the hills. Soon he came back.From the top of the hill hehad seen, in the valley below, the 17 of the town

43、we were lookingfor. We at once unioaded（卸）all our luggage （行李）and with a great effort（努力），18 topush the car to the top of the hill. Then we went back to the luggage, loaded the car aga in and set offdow n the hill. 19 less tha na quarter of an hour we were in the tow n, wherewe founda 20 quite easil

44、y.1 . A . whichB.itC.whereD.that2 . A . riversB.hillsC.tow nsD.villages3 . A . surprisedB.afraidC.pleasedD.sure4 . A . atB.inC.throughD.for5 . A . everybodyB.somebody C.nobodyD.anybody6 . A . got toB.arrivedC.led toD.bel on ged to7 . A . tallerB.higherC.lowerD.faster& A . gettingB.thi nki ngC.caus i

45、ngD.mak ing9 . A . certainlyB.carefully C.slowlyD.surely10 . A . markedB.setC.builtD.draw n11. A . excitedB.worriedC.coldD.warm12 . A . atte ntionB.operati on C.exam in ati on D.in formatio n13. A . spendB.liveC.spareD.stay14 . A . sinceB.thoughC.soD.but15 . A . quickB.fastC.poorD.heavy16 . A . acrossB.throughC.dow nD.up17 . A . lightsB.mapC.busD.situati on18 . A . oughtB.triedC.succeeded D.man aged19. A . ForB.InC.Si neeD.At20 A . policemanB.friendC.hotelD.cin ema精讲精练参考答案及解析1 5 DAACD 6 10 ACCAA 11 15 DDBCA 16 20 CBADD1