澳洲大学石油工程讲座17-6140-vessels.

1、Copyright Rike Service, Inc., 20071 VESSELS Published by Rike Service, Inc. New Orleans, Louisiana (USA) All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce, alter or delete any of this material without written permission, except brief extracts for review. Copyright Rike Service, Inc., 20072 Vesse

2、ls contain gases and liquids under pressure, and represent reservoirs of energy Requires attention to design, construction, installation, operation, and inspection. Because of their “stored energy”, they present the possibility of serious hazards which are compounded in tank batteries. Copyright Rik

3、e Service, Inc., 20073 Selection and procurement Must be suitable to the operating conditions, safe, and of welded construction that meets ASME Boiler Vessel Code Minimum construction requirements are specified for design, fabrication, inspection, and certification Additional testing and inspection

4、is encouraged The code does not cover vessels at operating pressures of 36” I.D., and those with internals should have manhole16” diameter - minimum Davits for large covers ease maintenance operations Multiple manholes needed on vessels with trays (contractors), and vessels (LTX) with exchangers, mi

5、st extractors, baffles, etc. Copyright Rike Service, Inc., 200713 Nozzles & Connections Arrange for ease of operation and convenience of piping Indicating instruments should be facing operator with those in similar service grouped together, i.e., liquid level gauge glass (with drain valve), liquid l

6、evel controller (LLC) (with valve bypass), and liquid level control valve (LLCV). Nozzles in same service should be oriented alike for symmetry of piping Copyright Rike Service, Inc., 200714 Corrosion Allowance varies from 1/8” to ” ASME Code requires 1/16” on air receivers. If shells are subject to

7、 corrosion, corrosion allowance should be added to internals also (carbon steel). Copyright Rike Service, Inc., 200715 Internals Subject to corrosion and erosion, especially in high velocity fluid. Usually made of carbon steel materials of no less than ” thickness. Design trays and supports for a co

8、ncentrated 300-lb. static load to represent maintenance loads. Internals should be plumb and level within 1/8”. Copyright Rike Service, Inc., 200716 Mist Extractors Found in oil and gas separators, contactors, etc. They prevent liquid entrainment in outlet gas and resultant carry-over. Vane and wire

9、 mesh pad types Vane type causes a vortex so the resulting centrifugal force separates gas from liquid which drains to bottom Copyright Rike Service, Inc., 200717 Wire mesh pad type allows liquid droplets to coalesce and drain. Usually 4-6” thick made of stainless steel wire mesh covering entire ID.

10、 Pressure drop due to 90-95% void space negligible compared to vane or vortex type. Sectionalized pads may be inspected, repaired, or replaced through the manway. Pads installed at vessel top with space between pad and gas outlet to allow vapor disengaging Copyright Rike Service, Inc., 200718 Safety

11、 cage ladders required for manholes, relief valves, or instrument connections if 12 or more above grade Access platforms for manholes 10 or more above grade and at relief valves 15 or more above grade required Walkways needed for large horizontal vessels Skirts required for vertical vessels. Skirts

12、are made of ” material minimum, with access openings on opposite sides for ventilation and inspection. Copyright Rike Service, Inc., 200719 Wind load design based on 32 psf Manual drains required. Specify siphon drain to prevent freezing and reduce danger of cutting out ells on bottom drains. A qualified company representative shoul