江苏牛津译林八年级上册Unit 5情态动词专题学案2

1、江苏牛津译林八年级上册Unit 5情态动词专题学案学员姓名： 年 级： 授课日期 授课时段 授课主题 情态动词 教学目标1.掌握情态动词的类型及特征2.掌握各种情态动词的用法教学重难点情态动词的特殊用法教学内容 小练笔 1、-Shall we take a car? -No, we _. Its only five minutes walk. A. cant B. mustnt C. needntD. couldnt2、-Must I finish all the homework this evening? -No, you _. Tomorrow is Saturday, and you

2、have enough time for it. A. mustnt B. neednt C. wont D. cant3、 I know by what time you want the project to be done? By the day after tomorrow. you finish it on time? A. May; Can B. Must; Need C. Could; MustD. Need; Would4、From March 23rd2013, anyone under the age of 14 _ go into Disney s US parks al

3、one. A. couldn t B. mustn t C. needn t D. mightn t5、-Meng Fei had his arm broken while recording If You Are The One in Beijing. -Really? Then perhaps he _ host TV programs for some time. A. neednt B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. cantKeys：CBABD 知识精讲一、情态动词的类型初中阶段常见的情态动词有：can, could; may, might; must, have to

4、; need; shall, should; had better; will, would.1. 只作情态动词的有:must; can(could); may(might);2. 可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有：need;3. 可作情态动词也可作助动词的有：will(would); shall(should);4. 具有情态动词的某些特征的有：have to; ought to.批注：关于对情态动词类型的分析，只能针对基础较好的学生，基础差的学生一般很难理解上述的总结：关于第三点的解释will 和shall作助动词可以用于将来时的构成中，shall一般只用于主语是第一人称的时候，would

5、和should则为过去将来时的构成；关于第四点的解释have to 是有时态和三单形式的变化的，ought to 在变疑问句和否定句时，to 是被排除在外不作考虑的。二、情态动词的特征1. 有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和行为动词或系动词连用，构成谓语。2. 无人称和数的变化（have to例外，用于第三人称单数时用has to）.例：We must stay here.我们必须待在这儿。He must stay here.他必须待在这儿。We have to walk home.我们不得不步行回家。He has to walk home.他不得不步行回家。3. 后接动词原形，即不带to

6、的不定式。She may lose her way.4. 具有助动词的作用，可用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简明答语。例：-Can you sing an English song? 你会唱英文歌么？-Yes, I can. 是的，我会。批注：情态动词的基本特征，对于基础不错的学生而言，已经掌握得很清晰了，在这里着重讲解哪些具备情态动词某些特征的单词进行讲解，如：have to, ought to.三、情态动词的用法（一）can, could的用法1. 表能力，意为“能、会”，Could 为can的过去式，表示过去的能力。例：Can you play basketball? 你会打篮球么？ I

7、could swim when I was seven years old.2. 表怀疑、猜测，常用于否定句和疑问句中。例：He cant be in the room. 他不可能在房间里。3. 表请求或允许，多用于口语中，意为“可以”，相当于may.例：You can(may) go now. 你现在可以走了。4. 以can开头的一般疑问句，其肯定回答和否定回答分别用can和cant.批注：相对而言，can 表示猜测的用法更为常考些，尤其要注意此时的can 不能用在肯定句中，老师在讲解时可以先把may表示猜测的用法拿出来与之比较一下，这样更有利于学生对于can表示猜测不能用在肯定句中印象更深

8、刻些。当然，也要强调can 的其他用法还是可以用在肯定句中的。（二）may的用法1. 表推测，意为“可能，也许”，用于肯定句中。He may come tomorrow. 他明天可能会来。2.表请求、许可，意为“可以”。例：May I borrow your book? 我可以借用你的书么？注意：may表请求，用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问句时，其否定回答用mustnt或cant, 不用may not, 意为“不可以，不允许，禁止”。例：-May I go now? 我现在可以走了么？-No, you mustnt. 不，不可以。3. 表祝愿。May you succeed.祝你成功。4. ca

9、n 和may均可用来表示征求意见或允许，意为“可以”，一般可互换使用，但may更正式。批注：may 表示猜测，区别于can 的最大特点就是may一般都用于肯定的（不太确定的）推测；但may表示请求许可的用法也是经常考的，特别是may引起的一般疑问句，其回答需要注意：肯定回答可以使用may或者can都可以，但否定回答则不能用may not, 只能用cant 或者mustnt.（三）must的用法1.表示“必须、应该”。2. 表示推测，意为“一定”，一般用于肯定句。在疑问句和否定句中一般应用can，否定句中也用may，但may not表示“可能不”，而cant表示“不可能”。在否定句中，mustn

10、t表示禁止，意为“不允许”。Theres someone knocking on the door. 有人敲门。It must be Jim. 肯定是吉姆。3. 以must开头的疑问句，肯定回答应用must，而否定回答则常用neednt或dont have to，意为“不需要、不必”，而不能用 mustnt。例：Must I finish the work today? 我必须今天完成这项工作么？ -No, you neednt. 不，不必。批注：讲解must的用法时，建议从汉语意思入手，“一定”和“必须”。1） 作“一定”解时，must的用法是表示肯定推测，而且只能用于肯定句中表示肯定推测，

11、而很多学生总是认为，must表示“一定”，那么“mustnt”就是“一定不”的意思，那么最简单的方式就是告诉学生：英语中只有“一定”的表达方式，根本就没有“一定不”这样的表达方式，如果需要表示否定推测，用“cant ”即可。2） 作“必须”解时，must 的含义有两种，一种是命令，一种是自身的主观意识，相当于“应该should”,这两种用法比较容易理解，学生出错的概率比较低。 （四）对need词性的判断need 做实义动词时：1）need后加to do表示“需要（主动）去做”，用助动词提问或否定；2）need后加doing表被动，“需要（被）做”，用助动词提问或否定；例：He needs to

12、 get up early. 他需要早点起床。 My watch needs repairing. = My watch needs to be repaired. 我的手表需要修理。（指需要被修理）need做情态动词时： need后加动词原形，用need提问或否定，肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt.例：You neednt come to school so early.你不必这么早来学校。批注：其实need 真正作为情态动词去考察时比较简单，就是否定形式“neednt 没必要”，这种考察方式学生很少出错。Need考察频率最高的其实是：区分其两种用法；区分need 作实义动词时后面

13、接to do 和doing 的异同。所以讲解时要针对这两点进行细致分析。 （五）had better 的用法had better+动词原形，表示最好做某事，否定式用 had better not do sth.。例：Youd better stay at home.你最好待在家里。Youd better not watch TV every day.你最好不要天天看电视。批注：had better 具备情态动词的基本用法，但是平时的练习中学生还是容易忽略其后接动词原形的用法，特别是在加上not 之后，可以正式跟学生说清楚，had better 是情态动词，not 不能放在had后面，而必须放在

14、better 后面。（六）shall(should), will(would)的用法1. shall 用于第一人称，表示征求意见、询问。例：Shall I open the window? 我打开窗户好么？Shall we have lunch here? 我们在这儿吃午饭好么？2. should 常用来表示义务、责任。例：We should obey traffic laws. 我们应该遵守交通规则。3. will用于第二人称表示询问、请求，也可以表达现在的“意愿”。例：Will you pass me the book? 你能把那本书递给我么？We will do anything for

15、 you. 我们会为你做任何事。4. would 用来表示过去的意愿或者委婉的询问。例：Would you tell me the way to the station? 你能告诉我去车站的路么？批注：这几个词中，考察相对较多的还是should表示“应该”的用法, 但最近初三也出现了should 表示较大可能性的推测的用法，还是作“应该”解，但不是责任与义务上的应该，而是推测。另外，shall用于第一人称的疑问句中，表示寻求建议，所以该疑问句的回答也要用相对性的形式回答。三、情态动词中应注意的问题1. can和be able to的区别can和be able to表示能力时用法相同，can只用

16、于现在时和过去时(could)，其他时态要用be able to。例：Jim couldnt speak Chinese last year, but now he can.吉姆去年不会说外语，但现在他会了。We will be able to come back next week.我们下周能回来批注：这两种搭配的区别在初中最常见的考察方式就是用法将来时且将will这个助动词给出，让学生选择用哪个，或者用在不定式中，将to 先给出，让学生选择用can 还是be able to. 2. can和may表示可能性的区别1). 在肯定句中，用may表示可能You had better ask th

17、e policeman. He may know.你最好问警察，他可能知道。2). 在否定句中，若语气肯定，表示“不可能”时用cant；若语气不肯定，表示“可能不”时用may not。例：Mr. Li cant be in the room. He has gone to Beijing for a visit.李老师不可能在，他去北京参观/访问了。批注：主要还是强调may可以用于肯定句，而can 不能；另外有一点也相当重要，就是may not 不能取代cannot,两者的意思是完全不一样的，可以这样解释：may not 是不确定的否定推测，“可能不”，而cannot 是确切的否定推断，“不可

18、能”。3. could, should, would, might表示委婉语气could, should, would, might等过去式有时不表示过去，而是表示更委婉客气的语气。例：Would you tell me the way to the park?你能告诉我去公园的路么？批注：一定要区分这几个词在句子中到底是过去时还是委婉语气，一搬根据上下文都是能推断出来的。4. must和have(has) to的区别must和have(has) to意思均为“必须”，常可以互换使用。但have(has) to用于强调客观需求，意为“必须、不得不”；must用于表示主观看法，意为“必须、应该”

19、。例：Well have to ask Zhang Hong instead. 我们必须去找张红代替了。We must work hard at school. 在学校我们必须努力学习。批注：这两个词最好的区分办法就是直接将“have to ”翻译成“不得不”，其本身在意思上就有被迫的意思在里面，而must 是“必须”的意思，本身是主观的一种意愿，这样就很好区分开了。另外，have to 的否定与must 的否定，在意思上相差很大：dont have to 不得不，mustnt 禁止，不允许。5. maybe和may be的区别may为情态动词，后加动词原形be,用在句中；maybe为副词，表

20、示“大概，也许”，相当于perhaps,用于句首。例：He may be a new teacher here . = Maybe he is a new teacher here. Maybe he will arrive here on time. = He may arrive here on time.6. cant和mustnt的区别表否定推测时应用cant, mustnt表示“禁止、不允许”的含义，不是用来表推测的，在肯定句中must表推测，意为“一定”。例：My parents have gone to New York, so that cant be at home now.

21、 After a long walk, you must be tired. All students mustnt go out alone without permission. 批注：这点在前面已经讲解过，可以再次突出强调一下。测试1. When traffic lights are red, we _ stop and wait. A. may B. can C. must D. might【答案】C2. Must I hand in my exercise book, Mr. Zhao? -No, you _.A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant D. may no

22、t【答案】A3.I was told to be here before eight.-Oh, you _. Im sorry for not telling you that we have changed the plane.A. must B. cant C. may D. neednt【答案】D4. If someone laughs at you, you _ pay no attention to him.A. are able to B. should C. must D. can【答案】B5.They _ do well in the exam.A. can be able t

23、o B. be able to C. can able to D. are able to【答案】D6.-Is John coming by train?- He_. He likes driving his car.A may B may not C cant D mustnt【答案】B7.-Would you like to go climbing with us tomorrow?-Id like to, but I _ look after my sick sister.A must B may C have to D can【答案】C8.He _ _ (可能是) a student.

24、 Im not sure.【答案】may be9.Look at the boy running on the ground. Is it David?- It _ be him. I saw him go to the teachers office just now.A. mustnt B. cant C. could D. might【答案】B10.Look at the boy running on the ground. Is it David?- It _ be him. I saw him go to the teachers office just now.A. must B.

25、 cant C. could D. might【答案】B11. May I go surfing alone this afternoon, Dad? -No, you _. It is dangerous.A. may not B. cant C. neednt D. dont【答案】B 单项选择1. -Excuse me, may I keep the book a little longer? -Sorry. You return it today.A. must B. mustnt C. can D. cant2. -How nice that Lucy has been invite

26、d to the party too! -Well, Lucy not come. She is not certain whether her mother will allow her to.A. might B. would C. must D. need3. -Are you in a hurry? -No, Ive got plenty of time. I wait.A. can B. cant C. must D. mustnt4. -Can I park my car in front of the building? -No, you .A. wont B. cant C.

27、neednt D. couldnt5. -Have you decided which senior high school to choose? -Not yet. I go to Moonlight School.A. must B. may C. need D. should6. -I hear youve got a new iPhone 4S. I have a look? -Yes, certainly.A. May B. Do C. Shall D. Should7. -Im afraid I need a pair of glasses. I hardly see the wo

28、rds on the blackboard. -Thats terrible. You may have got poor eyesight.A. can B. must C. may D. need8. -Fifty dollars for such a T-shirt! You be joking! -Im serious. Its made of silk.A. must B. need C. may D. can9. -I dont care what my teachers think. -Well, you .A. could B. would C. should D. might

29、10. -Mr. Smith must have been to your home this morning. -No, he , because he didnt know any address.A. couldnt B. cant C. mustnt D. may not 15 AAABB 610 AAACA 强化练习单项选择1. -Must I hand in my homework now, Mr. Smith? -No, you .A. cant B. shouldnt C. wouldnt D. neednt2. -Look at the “No parking” sign.

30、You park your car here.A. should B. must C. neednt D. mustnt3. I follow you. Would you please repeat it?A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt4. -I forgot to bring my dictionary. Could I use yours? -Yes, you .A. can B. must C. could D. should5. We pay to get into the concert. Its free.A. cant B. mu

31、stnt C. might not D. dont have to6. - you come with me to Lang Langs piano concert this evening? -Id love to, but I have to study for my math test.A. Should B. May C. Must D. Can7. -You can hardly imagine the pleasure of talking on the Wechat（微信）. -Really? But it cause you much trouble if somebody g

32、ets your personal information.A. may B. need C. has to 8. -Whos singing in the garden? -It be Mr. Brown. He always practices singing at this time.A. must B. cant be C. need9. If you smoke, please go outside.A. can B. may C. must D. might10. -Is that Kates car? -It be hers. She has just gone for a meeting.A. cant B. should C. mustnt D. may11. -Where is Jenny? -Im not sure. She in the school libra