自行车在多模式平衡型绿色交通的作用.

1、自行自行车车在多在多模模式平式平衡衡型绿型绿色色交通交通的的作作 用用 Severe Congestion after the Construction of Major Urban Road 大规模的道路建设后，交通问题依然十分严重大规模的道路建设后，交通问题依然十分严重 Pan Haixiao, Professor, Tongji University, Networks Size in BeijingNetworks Size Planned in Canton Metro Network Plan in 1999(left, 408km) and 2001(Right, 1085km)

2、 Pan Haixiao, Professor, Tongji University, Public Transport as Back Bone, Dominated mode of Urban Transport 公公共交通共交通成成为骨为骨干干 公公共交通共交通为为主导交主导交通通模式模式？ Pan Haixiao, Professor, Tongji University, 78 million daily Passenger now，78百万的客流百万的客流 643% increasing in 10 year（10年内增年内增长长 700%） Pan Haixiao, Profes

3、sor, Tongji University, 0 Pan Haixiao, Professor, Tongji University, 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 20042009 Network Size （km)+200% 2004-2009 2004年与年与2009年年， 增增加加200 % 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 中心城全市中心城全市 20042009 轨道交通 地面公交 合计 City Wide+1.0% Central City +0.7% Pan Haixiao, Professor, Tongji University, Pub

4、lic Transport Modal Split Change in 2004-2009 公共交通比例变化公共交通比例变化， 中心城中心城市市+0.7%， 全市全市+1.0% 12-15km 不可避免不可避免的细的细长尾现长尾现象象 Pan Haixiao, Professor, Tongji University, Crowded 2-3km Unbalanced Passenger Load 非常不平衡的客流非常不平衡的客流 Distance (kilometers) Pan Haixiao, Professor, Tongji University, Trip O or Trip Ti

5、me （minute s） CostSpeed （yuans） （km/hour） Trip O and Trip D both inside Inner Beltway9.7049.114.7111.85 Trip O or Trip D between Inner and Outer Beltways14.4655.235.5015.71 One-way travel distance, time, cost, and speed of trips by O-D locations Is Metro Very Fast? 地铁到底有地铁到底有多多快快？ 自行车平均速度自行车平均速度： 14

6、km/h (不停车），不停车），11km/h(停车）停车） 电动自行车电动自行车： 18km/h（不停车），（不停车），14.5（停车）（停车） 引自引自： Chris Cherry 的博士论文的博士论文 Pan Haixiao, Professor, Tongji University, 自自行车是行车是解解决长距决长距离离交通的交通的有有效工效工具具 自自行车覆行车覆盖盖了大多了大多数数的出行的出行距距离离 Pan Haixiao, Professor, Tongji University, 伦敦12条自行车高速公路=绿道 Short distance traffic短距交通短距交通 Co

7、ngestion 拥挤 New Lines to Increase Capacity Long Distance Traveler - Car Long distance traffic 长距离交通长距离交通 Metro + Bike Pan Haixiao, Professor, Tongji University, 轨轨道线路道线路拥拥挤并不挤并不一一定通过定通过增增加线路加线路来来解解决决 Pan Haixiao, Professor, Tongji University, Metro Service in Suburban Less Covered Pan Haixiao, Profe

8、ssor, Tongji University, The Impact of Metro to Property Price: Shanghai Case Study Pan Haixiao The “TOD” Area 传统的传统的TOD -500米范围米范围 WWideidely ly c ci it te ed d anand d applapplie ied d i in n c conteontempmpo or ra aryry u ur rbaban n plannplanninging p pr ra act cti ic ce e: : O Ov ve er r in inv

9、 ve es stmtme en nt t t to o in incrcre ea asese t th he e dendens sityity ofof t th he e nenet tw worksorks LeLes ss s s se ervrvic ice ed d i in n t th he e a ar re ea a awaaway y f fr ro omm t th he e mme et troro s st ta ationtion , , mmo or re e t tenend d t to o u us se e c ca ar r WeWe hahav

10、ve e WWi idedel ly y u us si ingng o of f B Bi ik ke e( (e e- -b bik ike e) ) BuBus s nenet tw worksorks ThThe e t ty yp pic ica al l TOTOD D mmo odedel l w wit ith hi in n 50500 0 mme et terer r ra adiudius s a ar ro ou un nd d memetrotro s st ta ationtion Pan Haixiao, Professor, Tongji University,

11、 T OD Area in Shanghai 轨道交通影响范围轨道交通影响范围 500M 1000M 3000M Core中心 Periphery边缘 Suburb郊区 Connecting in far end of metro is very important Pan Haixiao, Professor, Tongji University, Government Policy: 流行的政策流行的政策 Promote public transportation（公交换乘）（公交换乘） The main focus has been on improving the bus-rail t

12、ransfer Park-and-ride P+R The auto-rail connection is gradually gaining major attention, especially for stations located in peripheral areas Pan Haixiao, Professor, Tongji University, 问题：问题： 1. 换乘的低效 2. P+R是抑制TOD 3. 短途小汽车出行的环境影响 Pan Haixiao, Professor, Tongji University, 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400

13、 300 200 100 0 2500m Travel Efficiency (meters/yuan) Walking Bicycle Bus 自行车，公交车和步行换乘效率的比自行车，公交车和步行换乘效率的比 较较 自行车是公交车效率的两倍自行车是公交车效率的两倍 Pan Haixiao, Professor, Tongji University, Much of the efficiency gain would be realized only if bicycle is the chosen mode for most station access and egress trips t

14、hat have an intermediate distance. 荷兰荷兰3万人小镇万人小镇， 轨道交通站轨道交通站的的4000辆自行车辆自行车 Pan Haixiao, Professor, Tongji University, In residential communities Combine with the metro station Unattended rental stops (digital control, 24h service) 上海闵行非常 成功 Combine with Metro stations F Fa ac ci il lit iti ieses Sha

15、nghaiShanghai Pan Haixiao, Professor, Tongji University, Prize for Innovation on Mobility Solution in China Pan Haixiao, Professor, Tongji University, Pan Haixiao, Professor, Tongji University, Approaches to Improving Bicycle-Rail Transfer 如何改进自行车换乘如何改进自行车换乘 Pan Haixiao, Professor, Tongji University

16、, Better parking and service 更好的停车更好的停车 60% of survey respondents indicate that they would choose bicycle Among the respondents who lived 800-1500 meters from a rail transit station and did not choose bicycling, why? 为何住在为何住在 800-1000米范围的人不用自行车？米范围的人不用自行车？ lack of bike parking facility19%, 停车缺乏停车缺乏

17、inconvenience of bicycling11%, 骑车有很多不便骑车有很多不便 and fear of bike theft 18% 害怕被偷害怕被偷 Pan Haixiao, Professor, Tongji University, Pan Haixiao, Professor, Tongji University, 5D5D模式模式 PODBODTODXODCOD Pan Haixiao, Professor, Tongji University, Bike not only Green, But Very Efficient Mode in Dense Urban Area，自行车不仅绿色，而且自行车不仅绿色，而且高高效效 Bike is the Key to Balance the Un-Balance in Multi-Modal Transport System in City Center and Suburb 自自行车是行车是多多模式交模式交通通的平衡的平衡器器，不仅，不仅是是短短途途 Better Use of the Bike Infrastructure already