综合教程_新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材_教师Book__Unit

1、Audiovisual supplementCultural information Watch the video and answer the following questions. 1. Why did the kids play such tricks on the lady? They dont like the lady. Sometimes children will become brattish if their parents do not teach them about right and wrong. 2. If you were the parent of thi

2、s kind of children, what would you teach your children? Open. Audiovisual supplementCultural information Audiovisual supplementCultural information Mrs. Quickly: I remember observing that very characteristic on the sad day we buried Mr. Quickly. Even in my demented grief, I said to my friend Letitia

3、 Carter. Remember her? A pinker complexion than my own. She takes too much sun for her age. Anyway, I said, “Kindness seems to be second nature to him. He is a perfect gentleman. Theres something so masculine and yet retiring in his manner.” Oh! Ah! Mr. Brown! A moment, I pray you. Audiovisual suppl

4、ementCultural information Mr. Brown: Mrs. Quickly: Mr. Brown: Mrs. Quickly: I did beg your pardon. I didnt know what came over me. I do. I understand. I never took you for such. But now I see it. Passion is clearly your nature, too. I feel it. Who would have thought we were such kindred spirits? Pas

5、sion is my life. In fact, Mr. Brown, what is life without it? Er . A grey wheel of habit, spinning idly on. Mmm! Audiovisual supplementCultural information Mr. Brown: Mrs. Quickly: Mr. Brown: Mrs. Quickly: Mr. Brown: This is no time for food, Mrs. Quickly! I couldnt possibly swallow it under the cir

6、cumstances. You are tempestuous, Mr. Brown. Tea? Yes, tea. We must blanket the raw impulse with that reliable beverage. Thats a nice bit of porcelain. Is that Spode? I like a bit of Spode. Tasteful. Anyway, so essential for upholding the normal . Dont! You dont want that! Audiovisual supplementCultu

7、ral information The sooner you treat your son as a man, the sooner he will be one. William John Locke 1. Quote Audiovisual supplementCultural information 2. Moral Intelligence: Parents Do Make a Difference Young adolescence can be a troubling time. There are scores of disturbing indicators to prove

8、it including the steady rise of impulsivity, depression, suicide, violence, peer cruelty, and substance abuse. In addition we are seeing a growing rise in disrespect for authority, incivility, vulgarity, cheating and dishonesty. Weve been relentless in our efforts to make a change. But in all our in

9、terventions the one area often overlooked is the moral intelligence of the young adolescent. Moral intelligence consists of the personal, social, mental, emotional, and moral skills that make up solid character and guide moral behaviours. It is the capacity to understand right from wrong. It means t

10、o have strong ethical convictions and to act on them so that one behaves in the right and honourable way. Moral intelligence is what a young adolescent needs most to counter negative pressures and do whats right with or without adult guidance. Cultivating moral intelligence may well be our best hope

11、. The latest research confirms strong moral character can be learned and how teaching it can enhance our students Audiovisual supplementCultural information Audiovisual supplementCultural information pro-social behaviours and replace negative ones. However, teachers are not their students most power

12、ful moral instructors parents are. Unfortunately, parents often dont use their influence due to misconceptions. Main ideaStructural analysis In this piece of argumentative writing, the author first states an obvious fact: the in American society which involves American children has “ .” Then she sup

13、plies readers with substantial statistics and evidence to show is manifested in various ways in schools and society, from the increasing rates to widespread and commonplace . The author describes the frantic the nation has made how the problem of American children _ crisis_ shaken, deeply worried, a

14、nd in search of answers left us _ _ homicide and suicide _ cheating_dishonesty_ efforts_ Main ideaStructural analysis as a reaction to the problem. However, she regrettably concludes that . What is critically needed, in her opinion, is to . Such enhancement depends on our effort to . the crisis rema

15、ins_ enhance childrens moral strength _ _ help children not only think morally, but also act morally_ Main ideaStructural analysis 1. Whats the language style of the text? This piece of argumentative writing, short as it is, bears some distinctive features of a research paper, but the absence of aca

16、demic terminology makes it more accessible to the general public. 2. How does the author present her argument? The author presents her argument clearly and logically with either supportive statistics or quotations of identified sources. Main ideaStructural analysis ParagraphsMain idea 1 2 It present

17、s the crisis and the reasons why it needs to be tackled immediately. 3. Summarize the main idea of each paragraph. It supplies some official data from the American Academy of Pediatrics and statistical evidence to prove the acuteness of the crisis. Main ideaStructural analysis ParagraphsMain idea 3

18、4 5 It provides many signs of childrens misconduct which the author calls “equally horrifying” at the end of the preceding paragraph. It tells the reader that the nation is really alarmed. The author points out what is further needed. Main ideaStructural analysis ParagraphsMain idea 6 It projects th

19、e prospect of our effort to tackle the crisis and reiterates the importance of enhancing childrens moral intelligence. Detailed reading Michele Borba The Importance of Moral Intelligence in Children There is a clear and pressing crisis in todays society, one that involves our most cherished possessi

20、on: our children. Everyone agrees there is a problem: lawmakers, doctors, clergy, businesspeople, educators, parents, and the general public alike have voiced their concerns. And concerned as all should be. Each days news adds a growing litany of shocking tragedies and statistics about American kids

21、, and theyve left us shaken, deeply worried, and in search of answers. 1 Detailed reading By far our biggest worry is youth violence, and that alone should warrant a national declaration of emergency. Although the hard data on youth crime and violence show a recent decline, there is little cause for

22、 comfort: the American Academy of Pediatrics reports that the United States has the highest youth homicide and suicide rates among the twenty-six wealthiest nations in the world. In fact, our kids are ten times more likely to commit murder than comparably aged youths in Canada. Perhaps most disturbi

23、ng is that our killers are getting younger and younger. As I write, this week a six-year-old intentionally 2 Detailed reading suffocated her three-year-old brother with the help of her five-year-old friend. Just months earlier, a six-year-old boy settled a schoolyard score by killing his first-grade

24、 classmate with a .32 semiautomatic. Each incident is unthinkable, yet others equally horrifying follow. There are other signs that stir our national conscience as well. Peer cruelty is steadily increasing: an estimated 160,000 children each day miss school for fear of being picked on by their peers

25、, and, considering the accessibility of weapons, the potential for physical injury is high. Other disturbing indicators include substance 3 Detailed reading abuse among younger kids; the growing disrespect for parents, teachers, and other legitimate authority figures; the rise of incivility; the inc

26、rease of vulgarity; and widespread cheating and commonplace dishonesty. A recent national survey of 10,000 high school students revealed that nearly half admit they stole something from a store in the previous year; one in four said they would lie to get a job; and seven in ten admitted to cheating

27、in an exam within the previous twelve months. Heavy alcohol and drug use is increasing among our younger kids; recent studies found 22 percent of fifth graders have been drunk at least once, and the average age at which a child first uses marijuana is twelve. In two decades, the number of diagnoses

28、of hyperactivity and attention deficits has risen 700 percent. In the last four decades, adolescent suicide in our country has increased 300 percent, and depression has risen 1,000 percent. These statistics are especially frightening when you consider that in one survey, over one-half of American te

29、enagers reported they can get a gun in an hour and one in four high school students say they took a weapon to school at least once in the past year. Our kids are troubled and our crisis continues. Detailed reading These episodes and statistics distress us, of course, and as a nation we are reacting

30、in alarm: school officials have installed metal detectors and sophisticated cameras to heighten security; moms marched on Washington for stricter gun control; the president of the United States called for emergency summit meetings of congressional leaders; some parents have started charter schools,

31、while others have opted for home schoolings; lawmakers passed laws to prosecute juveniles as adults, and the courts sentenced them as such. Weve tried an endless variety of educational strategies as well: teachers have taught self- esteem and conflict resolution skills, and counselors have 4 Detaile

32、d reading Detailed reading addressed social skills and anger management. Individual states have implemented retention policies, lowered class sizes, and boosted academic standards. Psychologists have even developed complete new theories: Howard Gardner revolutionized our understanding of childrens c

33、ognitive capacities with his view of multiple intelligences, as Daniel Goleman did in transforming our awareness of emotional intelligence. Detailed reading Despite our frantic efforts, however, the crisis remains, and we know so because our children are still hurting. Thats because we have missed o

34、ne critical piece: the moral side of our childrens lives. It is moral strength that kids need most to keep their ethical bearings in this often morally toxic world. Moral issues havent been completely overlooked: the work of Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg has helped us understand the stages of ch

35、ildrens moral reasoning; William Bennett provided literature anthologies to cultivate kids moral imaginations; William Kilpatricks book, Why Johnny Cant Tell Right from Wrong, 5 Detailed reading offered ways to engage our youth in moral reflection. But in these troubling times, parents need far more

36、 if they are to succeed in helping their kids not only think morally but also act morally, and unless children know how to act right, their moral development is defective. After all, weve always known that the true measure of character rests in our actions not in mere thoughts. Detailed reading Enha

37、ncing our childrens moral intelligence is our best hope for getting our kids on the right course so that they do act as well as think right. Its also our best hope for their developing the traits of solid character. In his book The Moral Intelligence of Children, Robert Coles wrote of the urgent nee

38、d to address this crucial aptitude in our children. Developing this miraculous moral capacity in your child is the best way to protect his moral life now and forever. 6 Why does the author consider the issue as “a clear and pressing crisis”? Because the problem involves our most cherished possession

39、: our children. And it arouses the concern of everybody lawmakers, doctors, clergy, businesspeople, educators, parents, and the general public alike. Detailed reading 1. Why does the author say “youth violence alone should warrant a national declaration of emergency”? The author says so because of t

40、wo startling pieces of evidence: the first is the highest youth homicide and suicide rates among the twenty-six wealthiest nations in the world; the second is that killers are getting younger and younger. Detailed reading 2. What particular cases of killing are mentioned in this paragraph? Two cases

41、 of killing are mentioned in the paragraph: a six-year-old intentionally suffocated her three-year-old brother with the help of her five-year-old friend and a six-year-old boy settled a schoolyard score by killing his first-grade classmate with a 32 semiautomatic. Detailed reading 1. What are the ma

42、jor disturbing signs the author mentions in this paragraph? The major disturbing signs mentioned in this paragraph include increasing peer cruelty, easy accessibility to weapons, the growing disrespect for parents, teachers and other legitimate authority figures, the increase of vulgarity, widesprea

43、d cheating and dishonesty, and heavy alcohol and drug use. Detailed reading 2. What are the disturbing indicators in childrens psychological and emotional dimension? In two decades, the number of diagnoses of hyperactivity and attention deficits has risen 700 percent. In the last four decades, adole

44、scent suicide in our country has increased 300 percent, and depression has risen 1,000 percent. Detailed reading 1. What education strategies have been tried on the matter, in addition to heightening security? Teachers have taught self-esteem and conflict resolution skills, and counselors have addre

45、ssed social skills and anger management. Individual states have implemented retention policies, lowered class sizes, and boosted academic standards. Detailed reading 2. How have parents reacted to the continuing crisis? Mothers marched on Washington for stricter gun control; some parents have starte

46、d charter schools, while others have opted for home schoolings. Detailed reading 1. How does the author evaluate the efforts people have made to cope with the crisis? Obviously, the author is not quite satisfied with the result of these “frantic efforts”, because “the crisis remains, and our childre

47、n are still hurting.” In her view one critical piece has been missed the moral side of childrens lives. Detailed reading 2. Why does the author cite a number of peoples works in this paragraph? The author cites these works to prove that the moral side of childrens life has not been completely overlo

48、oked. More importantly, the author hopes to emphasize that more efforts are needed and the true measure of character rests in our actions not in mere thoughts. Detailed reading What do the expressions “the traits of solid character,” “this crucial aptitude” and “this miraculous moral capacity” refer

49、 to? These three expressions all refer to moral intelligence as mentioned at the beginning of this paragraph. The author uses such modifiers as “urgent”, “crucial”, and “miraculous” to underscore the importance of childrens moral intelligence. Detailed reading cherish v. look after sb. or sth. becau

50、se you love them very much e.g. The old man cherished the girl as if she were his daughter. He was obsessed with his model airplanes, seeing them as things to be cherished and loved. Derivation: cherishable a. Detailed reading tragedy v. a very sad event that causes people to suffer or die e.g. Haml

51、et is one of Shakespeares best known tragedies. The measures were designed to prevent any similar tragedies. Derivation: tragic a. tragically ad. Antonym: comedy Detailed reading emergency n. unexpected situation involving danger in which immediate action is necessary e.g. You should only use this d

52、oor in an emergency. The rioting grew worse and the government declared a state of emergency. Derivation: emergent a. Synonym: exigency紧急， 迫切需要 e.g. The people had to accept the harsh exigencies of war. 人们要承受战乱的严酷现实。人们要承受战乱的严酷现实。 Detailed reading commit oneself on sth. give ones opinion openly so th

53、at it is difficult to change it 对表态 commit sb. for sth. send sb. to a higher court to be tried commit v. do sth. illegal or morally wrong e.g. The study aims to find out what makes people commit crimes. Its not sure yet whether she died naturally or committed suicide. Derivation: commitment n. Detai

54、led reading Collocation: choke; stifle suffocate v. die or cause to die from lack of air or inability to breathe e.g. Passengers suffocated in the burning aircraft. Dont let your child play with plastic bags which could suffocate him. Derivation: suffocating a. suffocation n. Detailed reading Synony

55、m: conscience n. the idea and principles of moral behaviour that the members of a community or group share e.g. After she had committed the crime, her conscience was troubled. She cheerfully cheats and lies; shes got no conscience at all. Collocation: in all conscience by any reasonable standard凭良心说

56、 on ones conscience making one feel one has done wrong, or left sth. Undone问心有愧，心中不安 Detailed reading estimate v. form an approximate idea of sth.; calculate roughly the cost, size, value, etc. of sth. e.g. We estimated his income to be about $ 5,000 a year. We have not estimated the proper price fo

57、r the contract yet. Derivation: estimation n. Detailed reading Synonym: evaluate vulgarity n. vulgar quality or behaviour e.g. He hated that world of money and vulgarity. Derivation: vulgar a. vulgarize v. Detailed reading Synonym: rudeness; misbehavior distress v. make sb. feel upset e.g. We are di

58、stressed to find that the children had not returned. I didnt wish to distress you any further but I must ask you a few questions about the accident. Synonym: upset Detailed reading call for say publicly that sth. must happen 要求 e.g. The situation calls for prompt action. The international organizati

59、on has consistently called for the release of political prisoners. Collocation: call sb. / sth. off order to stop attacking, searching, etc.; cancel or abandon sth.取消 call on / upon sb. formally invite or request sb. to speak, etc.; appeal to or urge sb. to do sth. 号召，请求 call up telephone sb.; bring

60、 sth. back to ones mind 给电话，使想起 Detailed reading 1. I now the chairman to address the meeting. 2. The match was because of the bad weather. 3. This sort of work a lot of patience. 4. This song memories of my childhood. Exercise: Choose a phrase in its proper form to fill in each blank in the followi