丁荣培：(中英文)论电子、质子半径的新计算方法及其延伸意义2016

1、论电子、质子半径的新计算方法及其延伸意义On the new calculation method of electron and proton radius and its extension丁荣培中国农工民主党长沙市委科技工作委员会 ，湖南省长沙市白沙路255号（410002）E: drp582Ding RongpeiThe work of science and Technology Committee of Chinese Changsha party peasants and Workers Democratic Party, Hunan province Changsha Bais

2、ha Road No. 255 (410002)Email: drp582摘要：本文从射线在重原子核附近可产生正负电子对这一物理现象出发，分析了电子经典半径的由来及其存在的问题，提出电子与质子内部本质上就是量子化的涡旋闭合电磁场的观点。再由麦克斯韦方程组导出的电磁场能量密度公式以及质能公式、电磁强度公式三个公式结合推导出电子、质子半径公式及电荷量子化与粒子稳定条件常数等系列新公式并说明其物理意义。根据系列新的计算公式，计算出描述电子、质子的有关物理特征的新参数，从全新的角度统一地解释物质的微观世界和宏观世界，并初步分析了可能由此对物理学带来的影响。关键词：电子、质子半径 电荷量子化与粒子稳定条

3、件常数 黑洞物理 宇宙物理中图分类号：O41，O57 文献标志码：AAbstractThis article from the gamma ray can produce electron positron on the physical phenomenon of the heavy atom near the core, analyses the origin of classical electron radius and the existing problems, put forward a closed vortex of electrons and protons within

4、the electromagnetic field is essentially a quantized point of view. The Maxwell equations of the electromagnetic energy density formula and mass energy formula, electromagnetic intensity formula three formula combines derived electron, proton radius formula and charge quantization and particle stabi

5、lity constants of series of new formula and its physical meaning. According to the new formula, calculate the new parameters of the physical description of electron and proton, a unified account of the microscopic world of material and the macroscopic world from a new perspective, and analyzes the p

6、ossible influence of the physics.Keywords: Electron and proton radius The charge quantization and stability constants of “”particles Black hole physics Cosmology1.引言1.1.电子对的产生与湮灭中国物理学家赵忠尧首先发现了能量大于两倍电子静质量能（2m0c2=1.02MeV）的射线在重原子核附近可产生正负电子对。1物理教科书上估算的电子经典半径re2.810-15 m，2质子半径r 1.210-15m。3质子质量约是电子质量的1836

7、倍，按我们通常理解质子直径比电子直径大得多，事实恰恰相反；现有物理框架对此仍然无法作出合理解释。1.2.目前电子的经典半径的由来4及其存在的问题估算电子经典半径re2.810-15m基于以下设想：（1）设想电子是一个半径为re均匀带电球；（2）设想电子静止质量对应的能量由静电自能提供。1.3.存在的主要问题（1）如果电子电荷是由一个半径为re均匀带电球，为什么球内的点电荷不会因排斥而分开，那么这个球的内部结构是怎样的？（2）为什么电子和质子所携带的电量恰好相等、电性相反？这有什么深层次原因？（3）电荷的本质是什么，电荷从何而来？电子的质量、能量本质是什么，或者说电子是以什么方式表现自己的能量和

8、质量的。(4) 目前，这种假定电子能量由静电自能提供的图景给我们看到的是一幅静态的电子图画，但是，我们所看到宇宙中的一切都在运动，大到星系、日月、星辰，小到分子、原子，连电子都在绕原子核不停运转。由此可见，电子内部也应当是处于不停运动之中，而不是静止不变的。2、电子、质子半径的新计算公式2.1.电子、质子半径的新计算公式论微观局域时空弯曲状态下闭合弦量子振动形成基本粒子的动力学机制5一文论证电子、质子内在本质就是携带能量的涡旋闭合电磁场。从麦克斯韦方程组出发，可以得到适用于电磁学中的电磁场能量密度的表达式。假设电子、质子内在本质就是携带能量的涡旋闭合电磁场，则这个表达式完全适用于描述电子、质子

9、内部的涡旋闭合电磁场，电磁场能量密度的表达式如下6： （1）公式中：w为构成电子内部闭合运动电磁场的能量密度，e为介电常数，电子内部取值等于真空介电常数8.85410-12 -1，m 磁导率，电子内部取值等于真空磁导率 （ 10-7 -1)，E为电场强度，D为电位移矢量，H为磁场强度，B为磁场感应强度，在线性介质中，= ，= 将E与H的比例关系代入上式，可得w = e E 2 = m H 2 7 （2）那么，推导出电子的内部以电磁场形式存在的总能量即是以能量密度为被积函数、以为半径的球体体积（电子）为积分区域的重积分运算，得出电子内部质能的电磁场积分法表达式为： （3）其中，用W表示电子内部质

10、能（一般习惯用E表示能量，因另一些场合习惯用E表示电场强度，为免混淆，本文用W表示能量，E表示电场强度），为稳定粒子（如电子、质子）球体体积8，为圆周率，为粒子球体的半径；又，电场强度表达式为： 9 （4）其中，表示电荷所对应的电量为（此处不是光速，为电量单位库仑）。根据狭义相对论质能公式，电子的质能还可以表达为： 10 （5）其中，在此处代表光速。将式（4）代入（3）得： （6）将式（6）与（5）式联立，得 （7）由此，得出电子、质子的半径计算公式为： （公式：DRP-1）2.2.电子、质子的半径计算公式的意义2.2.1.电荷电量、真空介电常数、光速均为常数，只要知道粒子质量就能算出粒子半径

11、；2.2.2.粒子质量与粒子半径成反比关系，粒子质量越大，粒子半径越小。3.关于粒子性质的三个新公式及其物理意义从电子与质子的本质就是质能量子化的涡旋闭合电磁场和电磁能量能量密度公式、电荷量子化与粒子稳定条件常数出发，推导出关于电子、质子性质的新系列公式，由于篇幅所限，推导过程从略，列出公式如下：3.1. 粒子能量来源公式 （DRP-2）公式意义：3.1.1.公式左边是对应粒子质量的质量能；3.1.2.公式右边是反映的是对应粒子的质量能来源于粒子体内的涡旋电场，粒子质量能与粒子体内电场强度的平方成正比，数值上等于以e E2 作为被积函数，以粒子球体体积作为积分区域的三重积分运算。3.2.粒子电

12、荷来源公式 （DRP-3）公式意义：3.1.1.公式左边是对应粒子电量，与 （DRP-2）式在数学形式上有很好的对称性；3.1.2.公式右边是反映的是对应粒子的电量来源于粒子体内的涡旋电场，粒子电量与粒子体内电场强度成正比，数值上等于以作为被积函数，以粒子球体表面积作为积分区域的二重积分运算。3.3. 电荷量子化与粒子稳定条件常数（或称“上帝”常数） （DRP-4）公式（DRP-1）现在可以用粒子半径等价描述。我们用一个新的符号代表（隐含“上帝”之义），这是一个反映宇宙根本规律的常数。 我们将代入得到=（千克.米），其意义为：3.3.1. 等于一个常数，这是电荷量子化条件； 3.3.2.满足电

13、荷量子化条件的粒子才是稳定的粒子，也可以称为粒子稳定条件；3.3.3.普遍反映从电子、质子到黑洞、宇宙的质量与半径反比关系，稳定粒子（或称稳定质量单元）质量与粒子半径成反比关系，即粒子质量越大、粒子半径越小。4.电子、质子半径的新计算结果根据以上公式，产生的电子、质子半径计算值自然要接受实验的检验，无论如何，毕竟这是我们人类第一次用自己总结出的纯理论模型、推导出相应公式计算出来的结果。如果结论正确，将对原子核物理、高能物理、黑洞物理、宇宙物理等带来影响。比如，对质子、中子、夸克、胶子以及核力本质、核能来源、黑洞本质、宇宙大爆炸等将会有新的理解。4.1.电子半径的新计算结果4.1.1.查常用物理

14、常数，电子质量为：9.109610-31，代入（DRP-1）式，得：电子半径为：re9.3710-16（0.937费米）新的计算结果是原有数据（经典电子半径2.810-15m）的约1/3，即原先估计的电子半径是新计算结果的3倍。4.2.质子半径的新计算结果将质子质量代入公式（8），得：质子半径为：rp5.110-19（51阿米）4.2.1.质子半径新的计算结果远远超过原先的估计，原来的估计质子半径是新计算结果的2353倍。4.2.2.质子质量是电子质量的1800多倍，原来，人们以为质子体积比电子体积要大得多，现在计算结果却恰恰相反，电子的体积比质子体积大得多。4.2.3.太阳直径约是地球直径的

15、100倍，而电子半径却是质子半径的1800多倍。4.2.4.如果把电子的大小比喻成首都北京的鸟巢体育馆，则质子的大小不到一个篮球那么大，大概和一个排球大小差不多。4.3.粒子内部涡旋电场旋转方向不同，则电荷变号。一般规定顺时针方向带负电，逆时针方向带正电。电子内部闭合涡旋电场强度：（即电子体内涡旋电场强度达到16万亿亿伏每米，其强度之高远超想象）。5.对黑洞物理学和宇宙物理学的影响一个世纪以来，物理学家们一直在思考这个问题：支配着无限小规律似乎难以理解。然而，电荷量子化与粒子稳定条件常数告诉我们情况不是这样，公式似乎告诉人们，黑洞也好、宇宙也罢，都将遵守这一公式和从这一公式中得到新的认识，这一

16、认识将掀起一场黑洞物理学和宇宙物理学的变革。5.1.从上述分析得出结论：宇宙本质上就是超级黑洞，黑洞就是超级粒子。黑洞和宇宙都遵守能量守恒、动量守恒定律和电荷量子化与粒子稳定条件常数（公式）。黑洞和宇宙的质量能本质上同样来源于强大的的涡旋电场。5.2.以10倍于太阳质量的黑洞为例，太阳质量为1.991030，则此黑洞质量为1.991031，其半径由公式（米）。5.3.暂时估计我们生活其中的宇宙中约有近2000亿个星系，小的星系有几十亿颗恒星，大的星系约有近4000亿颗恒星，每个星系平均约有2000亿颗恒星，恒星大约总共有:3-4百万亿亿颗.即(3-4)1022颗。取值31022 我们所处的太阳

17、系中的太阳为中等大小的恒星，太阳的质量为1.9889210 33克。据上，我们可以得到，我们生活其中的 宇宙中可见物质的质量: M1= 0.5966761053kg. 其它物质质量(可能是暗物质质量):M2=2.8191121053kg而我们可以看到的物质只占宇宙总物质量的17.46%左右。 其它物质质量(可能是暗物质质量)占宇宙总物质量82.54%:得宇宙的总质M= 2.4157881053kg。根据以上分析，则宇宙诞生时可以理解为一个超级大黑洞，这个质量非常之大、半径非常之小的超级大黑洞（或者说是超级粒子）的粒子半径（米）。5.4.宇宙诞生的可能方式之一是2个涡旋电场方向相反、质量相同的超

18、级黑洞相遇发生爆炸。比如：其中1个是带1正电荷的超级黑洞和另1个是带1负电荷的超级黑洞，因引力作用相遇，就如正负电子相遇一样，两个黑洞的内的涡旋电场能量顿时释放出来，这就是宇宙大爆炸。5.5.宇宙诞生的方式还有可能是2个涡旋电场方向相反、质量不同的超级黑洞相遇发生爆炸。比如：其中1个是带1正电荷的超级黑洞和另1个是带1负电荷的超级黑洞，因引力作用相遇，同样会发生宇宙大爆炸。只是相遇到爆炸的时间间隔比上面所说的2个质量相同的超级黑洞相遇发生宇宙爆炸的时间间隔要长一点点。5.6.两个涡旋电场方向相反的超级黑洞相遇发生爆炸本质上可以理解为白洞（黑洞吸纳物质和能量，白洞抛物质和能量）。5.7质子半径的

19、改变还会影响到中子星的体积等，因为按照原来估计的质子半径估算的质子质量密度 11数量级，根据新的质子半径估算的质子质量密度是，相差非常之大。参考文献1吴知非，原子核物理学，北京，高等教育出版社，1983年第5月第3版，52页2 张玉民、戚伯云，电磁学，合肥，中国科技大学出版社，1997，139页3吴知非，原子核物理学，北京，高等教育出版社，1983年5月第3版，5页4张玉民、戚伯云，电磁学，合肥，中国科技大学出版社，1997，131-139页5丁荣培，发现杂志论微观局域时空弯曲状态下闭合弦量子振动形成基本粒子的动力学机制，北京，发现杂志社，2000年，49-51页6张玉民、戚伯云，电磁学，合肥

20、，中国科技大学出版社，1997，509-512页7张玉民、戚伯云，电磁学，合肥，中国科技大学出版社，1997，513页8同济大学教研室，高等数学，高等教育出版社，1988年9月第三版，134-138页9张玉民、戚伯云，电磁学，合肥，中国科技大学出版社，1997，14页10马文蔚、柯景凤，物理学下册，南京，高等教育出版社，1982年10月第2版，229-231页11吴知非，原子核物理学，北京，高等教育出版社，1983年5月第3版，5页On the new calculation method of electron and proton radius and its extensionDing

21、RongpeiThe work of science and Technology Committee of Chinese Changsha party peasants and Workers Democratic Party, Hunan province Changsha Baisha Road No. 255 (410002)Email: drp582AbstractThis article from the gamma ray can produce electron positron on the physical phenomenon of the heavy atom nea

22、r the core, analyses the origin of classical electron radius and the existing problems, put forward a closed vortex of electrons and protons within the electromagnetic field is essentially a quantized point of view. The Maxwell equations of the electromagnetic energy density formula and mass energy

23、formula, electromagnetic intensity formula three formula combines derived electron, proton radius formula and charge quantization and particle stability constants of series of new formula and its physical meaning. According to the new formula, calculate the new parameters of the physical description

24、 of electron and proton, a unified account of the microscopic world of material and the macroscopic world from a new perspective, and analyzes the possible influence of the physics.Keywords: Electron and proton radius The charge quantization and stability constants of “”particles Black hole physics

25、Cosmology1 .Introduction1.1. The electron positron pair production and annihilationChinese physicist Zhao Zhongyao first found that energy is greater than two times the electron mass energy (2m0c2=1.02MeV) of gamma rays in the vicinity of heavy nuclei can produce positive and negative electron pair.

26、 1Estimation of physical textbook on classical electron radius re = 2.8 * 10-15 m, 2 rp = 1.2 * 10-15m proton radius. 3 proton mass is about 1836 times the mass of the electron, as we usually understand that the diameter of the proton is much larger than the diameter of the electron. In fact, the op

27、posite is true.1.2. the origin of the classical radius of the current 4 and the problems of its existenceTo estimate the radius classical electron re = 2.8 * 10-15m based on the following assumptions:(1) to assume that the electron is a uniform charged ball with a radius of re;(2) to assume that the

28、 energy（） of the electron rest mass is provided by the electrostatic self energy.1.3. Main problems(1) if the electron charge is a uniform charged ball with a radius of re, why not the point charge in the ball will not be separated by repulsion, then what is the internal structure of the ball?(2) wh

29、y do the electrons and protons carry exactly the same amount of electricity as the opposite? What is the deep reason?(3) what is the nature of the charge, and where does the charge come from? What is the quality of the electron, the essence of the energy, or the way in which the electron is to show

30、its energy and quality.(4) at present, the assumption of electron energy by electrostatic self can provide a picture to what we see is a static electronic picture, but we see everything in the universe is in motion, the galaxies, the sun and the moon, the stars, small molecules and atoms, even elect

31、rons around the nucleus in line turn. Thus, the internal electronic should also be kept in motion, rather than static.2. New calculation formula of electron and proton radius2.1.New calculation formula of electron and proton radiusOn the dynamic mechanism of the formation of the basic particles in t

32、he closed string quantum vibration under the micro local space-time bending state 5 a paper to demonstrate the intrinsic nature of electrons and protons is the energy of the vortex closed electromagnetic field.From the Maxwell equations, we can get the expression of the energy density of the electro

33、magnetic field in the electromagnetic field. Assuming the electron and proton essence is to carry the energy of the vortex closed electromagnetic field, this expression is fully applicable to describe the electron and proton vortex closed electromagnetic field, the expressions for the electromagneti

34、c energy density are as follows 6: （1）Formula: W is the energy density of the electromagnetic field which is formed by the internal closed motion of electrons, e is Dielectric constant, The electronic internal value is equal to the vacuum dielectric constant(8.85410-12 -1). m is Magnetic permeabilit

35、y, The internal value of the electron is equal to the vacuum permeability( 10-7 -1).E is electric field intensity, D is electric displacement, H is magnetic field intensity, B is Magnetic induction intensity, In linear medium, = ，= The relationship between E and the ratio of H type, can bew = e E 2

36、= m H 2 7 （2）Then, the total energy in the form of electromagnetic field is derived in the form of energy density, r as the radius of the sphere volume (Electronic) for the integration of the area of the integral calculus, It is concluded that the electromagnetic field integral method for the intern

37、al mass energy of the electron is: （3）Among them, the internal mass energy of the electron can be expressed by W(General habit of using E to express energy, because of the other occasions used to use E to express the intensity of the electric field, in order to avoid confusion, this paper uses W to

38、express energy, E said the electric field strength). is stabilize the particle (such as electron, proton) sphere volume 8, For PI, r for the particle radius of the sphere;Also, the expression of electric field intensity is: 9 （4）Among them, The charge corresponding to the charge is ( This is not the

39、 speed of light, for the electricity unit of Coulomb）.According to the special relativistic mass energy formula, the quality of the electron can also be expressed as: 10 （5）Among them, This on behalf of the speed of light.The type (4) into (3) to: （6）The formula (6) and (5) simultaneous. （7）Thus, th

40、e formula for calculating the radius of electrons and protons is obtained: （公式：DRP-1）2.2.The significance of the formula for calculating the radius of electrons and protons2.2.1. electric charge and vacuum dielectric constant, the speed of light is constant, as long as know the particle mass can cal

41、culate particle radius;2.2.2. particle mass is inversely proportional to the radius of the particle, the larger the particle quality is, the smaller the particle radius is.3.Three new formulas about the properties of the particles and their physical meaningFrom an electron and a proton is the essenc

42、e of the matter to quantized vortex closed electromagnetic field and electromagnetic energy density formula, charge quantization and particle stability constant of(),A new series of formulas for the properties of electrons and protons are derived, Because of space constraints, derivation omitted, li

43、sts the following formula:3.1. particle energy source formula （DRP-2）Formula of significance:3.1.1.The formula on the left is corresponding to the particle quality to quality;3.1.2. The formula on the right is the reflection of is corresponding to the particle mass energy sources to particles in the

44、 vortex electric field, particle mass can is proportional to the square of the particle in the electric field intensity E, numerically equal to E2 as the integrand, spherical particles volume V as a domain integral triple integral operations.3.2. particle charge source formula （DRP-3）Formula meaning

45、:3.2.1. formula on the left is the corresponding particle quantity, and (DRP-2) in the form of mathematical model has a very good symmetry;3.2.2. The formula on the right is a reflection of is corresponding to the particle energy sources to particles in the vortex electric field, particle charge and

46、 particle in the electric field intensity E is proportional to, numerically equal to the integrand, with spherical particles surface area (s) as the regional integral double integral calculation.3.3. charge quantization and particle stability constant (or constant God) （DRP-4）Formula (DRP-1) can now

47、 be described with the particle radius equivalent().We use a new symbol to behalf of （The meaning of God）, This is a constant that reflects the fundamental laws of the universe.let s plug into the equation, obtain =） ,Its meaning is:3.3.1. is equal to a constant(), which is the charge quantization c

48、ondition;3.3.2. meet the charge quantization condition of particles is stable particles, also called particle stability conditions;3.3.3 generally reflect from electron and proton to the black hole, the universe, the masses and radii of the inverse relationship, stable particles (or stable quality u

49、nit) mass m and particle radius into an inverse relationship, namely particle the greater the mass, particle radius is smaller and smaller.4 .new calculation results of electron and proton radiusAccording to the above formula, calculated value of natural to accept the inspection of electron and prot

50、on radius anyway, after all, this is our first by their summed up the pure theoretical model and derive the corresponding formula calculated results. If the conclusion is correct, it will affect the atomic nuclear physics, high energy physics, black hole physics, cosmic physics and so on. For exampl

51、e, the proton, neutron and quark, gluon and essence of nuclear force, source of nuclear energy, black holes, nature, the universe, the Big Bang will have a new understanding.4.1. New calculation results of electron radius4.1.1. commonly used physical constants, electronic quality: 9.1096 x 10-31 kg,

52、 substitution (DRP-1), to:Electron radius: re = 9.37 * 10-16m The new calculation results are the original data (classical electron radius 2.8 * 10-15m) of about 1/3, that is, the original estimate of the electronic radius is 3 times the new calculation results.4.2. New calculation results of proton radiusThe proton mass into