口腔解剖生理学0501（Oral anatomy and physiology 0501）

1、口腔解剖生理学0501（Oral anatomy and physiology 0501）The first section of Oral Anatomy(a) oral state and surface marker1. oral oral realm the anterior border of the upper and lower lip after community faucial, on both sides of the upper bound for the cheek, palate, with the area under the tongue for the com

2、munity. The upper and lower dentition, alveolar bone and gingival oral bow will be divided into two parts, teeth labial and buccal column called the vestibule of the mouth, teeth and tongue side column part is called the oral.The surface of the 2. sign of Oral Anatomy(1) oral vestibule (buccolabial

3、sulcus): groove of lips and buccal mucosa in the transitional alveolar mucosa.(2) at the upper and lower lip for vestibular midline or linear mucosa plica small fan.(3): oral buccal frenum vestibular groove corresponds to the upper and lower teeth or premolars of small flat mucosa plica.(4): in the

4、parotid duct nipple maxillary second molar buccal mucosa, a papillary projection, parotid duct opening in the.(5): from the retromolar retromolar triangle and retromolar pad. Retromolar triangle in the mandible molars on the tip end, backward; retromolar pad is covered on the surface of the retromol

5、ar triangle soft tissue.(6): extension to the pterygomandibular plica of maxillary tuberosity within and between the rear of the retromolar pad mucosal folds, the depth of pterygomandibular ligament.(7) buccal pad tip: big mouth, usually, mandibular posterior surface of buccal mucosa has a triangula

6、r bulge, called buccal pad.(two) the anatomic characteristics of the lipsThe upper bound of 1. lip lip nasal bottom boundary, the lower bound for the mentolabial sulcus, both sides is bounded by the lip side ditch, which have the mouth will be divided into upper and lower lip lip.2. lip surface mark

7、ers(1): both ends of the gape angle, its normal position between the canine and first premolar.(2): red lip lip for free edge, is the transitional zone of the skin and mucous membranes.(3) prolabium: at the junction of red lips and skin.(4): the labial arch upper lip prolabium was all arched shape,

8、named.(5) people (people point notch): lip arch in the middle and lower micro forward prominents.(6) lip peak: the highest point on both sides of the arch.(7): the median of upper lip vermilion tubercle was beaded forward below the protrusions.(8): people in the upper lip median longitudinal shallow

9、 groove by Bi Xiaozhu down to the edge of the red lip.(9) people on both sides of the ridge; a parallel skin ridge, extending to the bottom lip peak from the nose.3. lip structure is divided into five layers from outside to inside:(1): rich in skin hair follicles, sebaceous glands and sweat glands.(

10、2): loose superficial fascia.(3) muscular layer: mainly orbicularis oris muscle.(4): submucosal mucous glands and upper and lower lip artery.(5): mucosal mucus gland openings.(three) the anatomic characteristics of palate1. surface markers of the palate(1): hard palate palatal midline longitudinal s

11、ubmucous eminence.(2) papilla incisiva (palatine papilla): located in front of the palatal mucosa uplift, the deep surface for the incisive foramen, nasopalatine nerves and blood vessels through the hole.(3): in front of the palatal palatal folds, to both sides slightly radiating ridge of soft tissu

12、e.(4): hard area in the central portion of the hard palate mucosa is thin and lack of flexibility, hence the name.(5): located in the posterior palatine foramen and palate about 0.5cm at the front, at the junction of approximately equivalent to the palatal gingiva, 1/3.(6) sphenoid hamular: located

13、in the maxillary third molar after 1 1.5cm of submucosal.2. surface markers of the soft palate in soft palate palatal pits on both sides of the front line on the mucosa, or have a small depression symmetry, as a symbol of the trailing edge of the hard palate.3. characteristics of hard palate and sof

14、t tissue(1) the submucosa contains a small amount of fat, glandular; rear more palatal gland.(2) the hard palate periosteum closely attached and submucosa, and bone surface adhesion is not too tight.(3) the mucoperiosteum is not easy to move, can withstand friction and masticatory pressure.4. five p

15、airs of palatal muscles in soft palate:(1) palatosalpingeus: nervous velum, open the eustachian tube.(2) levator palatini muscle: make mention of the soft palate, lateral pharyngeal wall movement to the inside.(3) palatoglossus: decline of velum, tightening faucial.(4) palatopharyngeus: put on the t

16、hroat, forward traction pharyngopalatine arch, and the palatine arch close to both sides.(5) uvular muscle (musculus uvulae): put on the uvula (E Chui).(four) the content of the area under the tongue:(1) sublingual and submandibular gland deep: sublingual gland and on the side of front end and the r

17、ear end of the sublingual gland is submandibular gland deep adjacent, lateral to the mandible sublingual fossa.(2) the submandibular duct and the lingual nerve: the lingual nerve from the hook around the submandibular gland catheter, catheter and transferred to the inside and above the bottom.(3) th

18、e hypoglossal nerve and its accompanying vein: the hypoglossal nerve crossed the Hyoglossus shallow surface, a branch located in the tongue of the muscle, the Hyoglossus tongue in front deep, distributed in tongue muscles.(4) sublingual artery: between sublingual gland and genioglossus, Geniohyoid m

19、uscle, in front of the area under the tongue mucosa and contralateral homonymous artery anastomosis.(five) the anatomic characteristics of the tongue (1. above the back of the tongue tongue) back to sulcus for the sector, divided into 2/3 before and after 1/3 tongue tongue. 2/3 is also called the fr

20、ont of the tongue tongue, the tongue tongue called 1/3. There are four kinds of 2/3 distribution of anterior lingual papillae of tongue:(1): the number and distribution of filiform papillae in the tongue above, our common sense.(2): the fungiform papillae scattered in filiform papillae between our t

21、aste.(3): vallate is generally 7 9, arranged in the field ditch in front of our taste.(4): 5 8 foliate papillae parallel folds, located on the lingual edge of the rear, our taste.The tongue mucosa without 1/3 lingual papillae, but nodular lymphoid tissue, called tongue tonsil.2. below (ventral tongu

22、e mucosa) smooth, continuous area under the tongue mucosa, and tongue tie formation in the middle. On both sides of the tongue tie each have a mucosal folds, called fold umbrella. On both sides of the tongue tie mouthfloor mucosa has the small protrusions, called caruncula salivaris, common for open

23、ing the submandibular duct and sublingual duct. Caruncula salivaris on each side of a back oblique line of sublingual fold, as the opening part of the sublingual gland tubules.The 3. muscle layer in tongue muscle and tongue muscle. The tongue muscle is longitudinalis superior, inferior longitudinal

24、muscle of tongue, tongue and tongue muscle vertical muscle contraction, change the shape of the tongue. The tongue muscles are genioglossus, Hyoglossus, styloglossus and palatoglossus, change the position of the tongue contraction.4. tongue lymphatic drainage(1): the most tongue lymphatic vessels to

25、 the submental lymph nodes, small part to the neck of omohyoid lymph nodes.(2) the tongue edge or lateral lymphatic part to the submandibular lymph node, another part to the deep cervical lymph node.(3) the central tongue lymphatic into deep cervical lymph nodes, also into the submandibular lymph no

26、de.(4) tongue lymphatic: into the deep cervical lymph nodes on both sides.The second section of maxillofacial anatomy(a) facial surface marker and soft tissue structure1. surface anatomic landmarksBi Xiaozhu: (1) between the two sides of nose hole carina.(2): the external nasal nasal bottom conical

27、bottom.(3) nasal sulcus: depression near alar base outside the long.(4): oblique groove lip between the upper lip and cheek sag. Nasal sulcus and labial sulcus called nasolabial sulcus.(5) gnathion: Chin lows.(6) the infraorbital foramen: located at the midpoint of infraorbital margin about 0.5 cm.(

28、7) the surface projection of the parotid duct for 1/3 between earlobe to nose and mouth of the midpoint.(8) the facial nerve of the stylomastoid foramen position: adult in the mastoid or mastoid tip above the midpoint of the anterior margin of about 2cm, about 2 3 cm from the skin.2. characteristics

29、 of maxillofacial soft tissues(1) the skin is thin and soft, subcutaneous tissue loose, easy to extend mobile.(2) full of sebaceous glands, sweat glands and hair follicles.(3) dense blood, abundant blood supply.(4) have skin wrinkles, to have a certain regularity.(5) the expression of subcutaneous t

30、issue in muscle,Surgery or trauma treatment should pay attention to the expression of muscle suture, so as not to affect the expression of muscle function.(two) the anatomic characteristics of the parotid gland region1. parotideomasseteric region realm of the anterior border of the anterior border o

31、f masseter muscle, anterior abdominal post for sternocleidomastoid, mastoid and two abdominal muscles, for the zygomatic arch and the ear canal, the jaw under the edge for the industry.The level and content of the 2. parotid gland region(1) skin.(2) subcutaneous tissue: containing the platysma upper

32、.(3): the formation of parotid gland parotid fascia Sheath Characteristics1) shallow particularly dense, deep weak;2) combination of sheath and glands, and gave many glands into the interval;3) sheath closely linked to the upper and the ear canal, and a rope stretched fiber bundle fracture canal ant

33、erior wall of cartilage (Santorini fracture).(4): the parotid gland in clinical facial nerve trunk and branch plane for the sector, will be divided into superficial and deep parotid gland two leaves.(5) the parotid gland and neurovascular relationship, which, through the main nerves and blood vessels for facial nerve and parotid gland from the shallower to the deeper the retromandibular vein and external carotid artery, according to the blood vessels and nerves within the parotid gland, whi