中考英语-被动语态的用法及练习(共22张PPT)

1、 一、被动语态的概念：一、被动语态的概念： 当谓语表示一个动作时，主语和它可以有两种不当谓语表示一个动作时，主语和它可以有两种不 同的关系，主动关系和被动关系：同的关系，主动关系和被动关系： 表示主动关系时，主语是动作的执行者，称为主表示主动关系时，主语是动作的执行者，称为主 动语态动语态 Tom opened the door. 表示被动关系时，主语是动作的承受者，谓语要表示被动关系时，主语是动作的承受者，谓语要 用另一种形式，称为被动语态用另一种形式，称为被动语态 The door was opened by Tom. 在被动结构中，动作执行者可以由介词在被动结构中，动作执行者可以由介词b

2、y by引起的引起的 短语表示短语表示 二、形式二、形式 被动语态由助动词被动语态由助动词be加过去分词构成，时态通过加过去分词构成，时态通过be表现表现 出来：（完成进行时和将来进行时无被动语态）出来：（完成进行时和将来进行时无被动语态） 1一般现在时一般现在时：History is made by people. 2一般过去时一般过去时：When was the building completed? 3一般将来时一般将来时：We wont be invited. 4现在现在/过去进行时过去进行时：A new railway is being built. The roads were b

3、eing widened. 5现在现在/过去完成时过去完成时：The book has been translated. Costs had been greatly reduced. 表格：被动态基本结构 时态时态被动语态结构被动语态结构 一般现在时一般现在时 一般过去时一般过去时 现在进行时现在进行时 过去进行时过去进行时 一般将来时一般将来时 过去将来时过去将来时 现在完成时现在完成时 过去完成时过去完成时 am/is/are done was/were done am/is/are being done was/were being done shall/will be done wo

4、uld be done have/has been done had been done 一般一般 进行进行 完成完成 完成完成 进行进行 现在现在 write writes am is writing are havehas written havehas been written 过去过去 wrotewaswere writing had writtenhad been written 将来将来 willshall write willshall be writing willshall have written willshall have been writing 过去过去 将来将来

5、would should write would should be writing wouldshould have written wouldshould have been writing 以以write为例为例,在在16种时态中形式种时态中形式 一般一般 进行进行 完成完成 现在现在 amisare written amisare being written havehas been written 过去过去 waswere written waswere being written havehas been written 将来将来 willshall be written - -

6、willshall have been written 过去过去 将来将来 would should be written - - wouldshould have been written 以以write为例，在时态中被动语态的形式为例，在时态中被动语态的形式 n1常用时态（9种）的被动语态结构：以do 为例 n1) 一般现在时 am is are +done In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served I need one more

7、 stamp before my collection _. A. hacompleted B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _ to eat more fruit and vegetables. A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded n 2) 一般过去时 n was were +done nI

8、_ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. n A. gave B. was given n C. was giving D. had given nThis is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake. nA. killed B. is killed nC. was killed D. was killing n3) 现在进行时 1. am is are + being done n- Have you

9、moved into the new house? n-Not yet, the rooms _. nA. are being painted B. are paining nC. are painted D. are being painting nA new cinema _ here. They hope to finish it next month. A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built nRainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they w

10、ill disappear from the earth in the near future. n A. cut B. are cut n C. are being cut D. had been cut 4) 过去进行时 n was were +being done That road was being widened this time last year. n 5) 一般将来时 nwill be + done nHundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes. n A. lose B. will be lost n C. lost D. will l

11、ose nYour job open for your return. nThanks. nA. will be kept B. will keep nC. had kept D. had been kept n 6) 过去将来时 nwould be +done nMary told us that a short play would be put on at the party. nIn a room above the store, where a party _, nsome workers were busily setting the table. nA. was to be he

12、ld B. has been held nC. will be held D. is being held n7) 现在完成时 nhave / has been +done nAll the preparations for the task _, and we are ready to start. nA. completed B. complete nC. had been completed D. have been completed n8) 过去完成时 nhad been +done nThe new suspension bridge _ by the end of last mo

13、nth. nA. has been designed B had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed nBy the end of last year, another new gymnasium _ in Beijing. A. would be completed B. was being completed C. has been completed D. had been completed n9) 将来完成时 nThe mayor of Beijing says that all construction work f

14、or the Beijing Olympics _ by 2006. n A has been completed n B. has completed n C. will have been completed n D. will have completed n含有情态动词的谓语变为被动语态时，其 结构为“情态动词+ be+ vt. pp. nYou cant take the magazine out of the reading room. The magazine cant be taken out of the reading- room. nThese exercise must

15、 be done in class. nMore rice can be produced next year. n6.被动语态与系表结构的区别 n“be +过去分词”这个结构并不一定都是被 动语态，有些动词be, feel, seem, look等后 的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语，表示 状态。 nThe glass is broken.(系表结构) nThe glass was broken by the boy(被动语态) nThe door is locked.(系表结构)、 nThe door has just/been locked (被动语态) n系表结构与被动语态的主要差别是

16、：被 动语态表示一个动作，它可以有介词by 引起的短语，而系表结构表示主语的特 点或所处的状态，虽形式与被动语态相 似，实质不同: n1) The picture was well drawn. nThe picture was drawn by my sister. n2). The library is now closed. nIt is usually closed at 6. n3).The bridge is completed. nThe bridge was completed in 1968. 三、被动语态的使用情况三、被动语态的使用情况 1 1，不知道或没有必要说出动作的执

17、行者，不知道或没有必要说出动作的执行者 Such books are written for children. 2 2，动作的承受者是谈话的中心，动作的承受者是谈话的中心 The song was written by a student. 3 3，出于礼貌措辞圆通等不愿说出动作执行者，出于礼貌措辞圆通等不愿说出动作执行者 You are required to sing a song. n4. 4.需要突出或强调动作的承受者时（动作的承受需要突出或强调动作的承受者时（动作的承受 者是谈话的中心，这时常带有者是谈话的中心，这时常带有by by引起的短语）引起的短语） nFood is nee

18、ded by every living thing. n This school is run by the trade union. n5. 5.有时被动结构能使句子得到更好的安排有时被动结构能使句子得到更好的安排 nThey are going to build a library building here next year. It is going to be built right beside the office building. n( 若两句都用若两句都用they作主语，则显得呆板作主语，则显得呆板) n6. 6.当动作的执行者不是人的时候当动作的执行者不是人的时候 nWe

19、 were all shocked by the news of his sudden death. nThe house was washed away by the storm n7. 7.为了委婉、礼貌而避免提及自己或对方时为了委婉、礼貌而避免提及自己或对方时 nEnough has been said here of this question nYou are wished to do it more carefully. n主动形式表示被动意义主动形式表示被动意义 1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive nThe book sells well.这本书销路好这本书销路好。 This knife cuts easily. 这刀子很好用这刀子很好用。 2)blame, remain, keep, rent, build nI was to blame for the accident. Much work remains. n3) 在在