主谓一致导学案

1、主谓一致导学案语法详解： 所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。完成下列练习：1. The boy _ diving.2. They _ diving.3. Both Jack and Tim _ diving.4. Neither Jack nor Tim _ walking.5. All of them _ diving.1. Bob _ a worker.2. Mike and Bob _ workers.3. Both Mike and Bob _ workers.4. Neither Mike nor Bob _ a teacher.5

2、. Neither of them _ (know) how to teach English.6. All of them _ workers.7. None of them _ (know) how to teach English.主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近原则，就远原则和其他情况。1. 语法一致=形式一致1）. and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况：(1) （指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物）He and I _both students of this school. (2) 但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个

3、人或物, 或者指同一概念的时候, 谓语要用单数。 The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance. 那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。 The knife and fork _on the table. 刀叉在桌子上。2）. 如果主语是不定式, 动词ing形式或主语从句的时候,谓语动词用单数。 What he is doing _(seem) very important. 他正在做的事情看起来很重要。Collecting stamps _ his hobby. 收集邮票是他的爱好。2. 就近原则 思考：什么叫就近，与什么相近？Or,

4、 either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在there be句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。Neither you nor I _wrong. There _ a cup of tea and some apples on the table.Not only the students but also the teacher_ (wish)for a holiday. 3. 就远原则with, along with, together with, as well as, rathe

5、r than, besides, like, without, except, but, including 如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用,谓语动词的数使用就远原则。例如：The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the street. The mother as well as her two children _ (go) to the park every weekend.You rather than I _ (be) going to do the job.4. _ 原则-探究学习_仔细观察下列每对

6、句子的不同之处，与你的同学讨论这些差异出现的可能的原因。1). My family is a large family. My family are sitting at the breakfast table.2) All are here except the chairman. All is done, so we can go home now.3) Her trousers are beautiful indeed. A pair of new trousers is in your suitcase.4). The police are looking for the lost b

7、oy. The policeman is on duty in the street.5). The sheep on the hill belong to my grandpa. The blind are taught in special schools要点学习：1. 不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。. All of the apples _rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。(用be动词准确形式填空)All of the apple _rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。 None of the money_ left. 没有剩下一点钱

8、。None of the students _ there. 没有学生在那里。2. every. and every .; each . and each .; no . and no . 在以上短语中and连接的单数名词, 整个短语 在句中作主语时, 谓语动词常使用单数。Each man and each woman _ (be) asked to attend. Every boy and every girl in the class _ (study) very hard. 班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。No sound and no voice _ (be) heard. 听不到任何

9、声音。3. 集合名词作主语, 动词可用单数, 也能够用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时, 动词则用复数。这个类常见的集合名词有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。His family _a big one.(be) 他们家是一个大家庭。His family _all music lovers. (be) 他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。4. 某些名词如people, police, cattle等,形式上是单数, 但意义上是复数, 谓语动词应用复数。people指“民族”时是例外。 The pol

10、ice _ searching for a thief. (be) The cattle _ eating grass on the hill. (be)5. 某些名词如clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses等, 通常只用其复数形式, 但当它们被a pair of这种量词修饰时, 谓语动词用单数。如： The pair of shoes _ (be) worn out. 这双鞋破了。 The shoes _ (be) worn out.鞋子破了。6. 有些名词的单数和复数形式一样, 作主语的时候, 其谓语动词由上下文决定, 这个类名词有： means, works著

11、作, deer, fish鱼类, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。 Not every means _ (be)useful. 不是每种方法都好使。 Not all means _ (be) useful. 不是所有的方法都好使。7. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。Half of the students _ (have) finished their composition. 一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文

12、。Half of the apple _( be )bad. 一半的苹果坏了。About 60 percent of the students in our school _(be) boys. 我们学校, 大约百分之六十的学生是男生.8. 以a number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数; 以the number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 A number of new books _ (be) on the desk. The number of students in you class _ (be) 50.9. 如果主语由“the + 形容词(或过去分词)”表示一类人，担

13、任主语时,谓语通常用复数;这类词有： the homeless, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dub, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed 等The blind _ (study) in special school. The homeless _ (be) welcome to the place whenever it is.这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时,就要与名词man, person 或表示人的单数

14、连用。例如： an old man, a rich person, the (a) wounded soldier.（课后掌握）11. 复合不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用单数，如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。 Someone is asking for you. 有人找你。 Nothing is found in the room. 在屋子里什么也没找到。12.某些名词以s结尾如maths, pol

15、itics, physics, news, plastics 等，谓语动词应用单数。 Physics is a very interesting subject. 物理是一门很有趣的学科。 13. many a, more than one, one and a half与单数名词组成的短语, 谓语用单数。 Many a boy has seen it. 很多孩子都看到了。14. 书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词常用单数。 Thirty years is not a long time. Roots is a famous American novel.15.

16、“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“ a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of 后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。例如：Lots of damage was caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earths surface is covered with water.Three-fifths of the workers

17、 here are women.16. 注意：a (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词, 其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。A large quantity of people is needed here.quantities of 修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。例如：Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.短语in quantity, in large quantities 意为 “大量”; in small quantities 意为“少量”。 17. a great deal of, a

18、large amount of, 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数; large amounts of 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数。例如：A large amount of (A great deal of) damage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.18 表示数量的one and a half 后, 名词要用复数形式, 但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如： One and a half bananas is

19、 left on the table.总结：你觉得主谓一致这个语法中哪个原则比较重要，需要你花更多的时间和精力去学习和记忆？学习了这节课的内容，以后你应该怎么做主谓一致的题目呢？_完成下列的练习并说出你选择答案的原因1. Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now. A. were B. is C. was D. are2. Two days _enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day.A. isnt B. is C. aret D. are3. How many lessons do you

20、usually haver a day? Six lessons a day. And each of them _45 minutes. A. last B. lasts C. have D. are5. There _ many new words in lesson one,It is very easy. A. is B. arent C. isnt D. are6. The number of the students in our school _1200. A. is B. are C. has D. have7. Maths _ my favourite subject. A.

21、 be B. is C. am D. are8. The boy with the two dogs _ when the earthquake rocked the city. A. were sleeping B. is sleeping C. was sleeping D. are asleep9. Everyone except Tom and John _there when the meeting began. A. are B. is C. were D. was10. That place is not interesting at all, _of us wants to go there. A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some11. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have know D. is12. Whats on the plate? some eggs and cakes on it? There _some eggs and cakes on it. A. is B. are C. was D. were13. This pair of glasses _mine. A. a