专四英语虚拟语气讲解

1、语气语气 （moodmood） 语气语气 (mood)(mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。 英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 直陈语气直陈语气(indicative mood),(indicative mood),表示所说的话是事实。表示所说的话是事实。 祈使语气祈使语气 (imperative mood),(imperative mood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。表示所说的话是请求或命令。 虚拟语气虚拟语气( (subjunctive moodsubjunc

2、tive mood) ) 一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、 愿望等愿望等( (在在条件条件从句中或从句中或让步让步状语从句中状语从句中) )； 二是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等二是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 ( (在宾语从句、主语从在宾语从句、主语从 句、表语从句、同位语从句句、表语从句、同位语从句) )。 虚拟语气虚拟语气 概念（概念（definition） 练习（练习（practice） 类型（类型（types） Types 1.If 型型 2.类似类似if型型 3.Should do

3、 型型 4. “跳层虚拟跳层虚拟” Subjective mood If 型型 Should +v型型 类似类似if型型 。 。 。 混杂条件句混杂条件句(各自为准各自为准) Were, had ,should提前，省略提前，省略if 1. 一个坚持，两个命令，一个坚持，两个命令， 三个建议，四个要求。三个建议，四个要求。 2. It is（necessary，strange）+that 1. wish/as if / if only 2.Would rather 3. It is (high) time that 4. But for/otherwise/ without 1.过去式过去式

4、2.过去完成过去完成 3.could、would、might +v 1.过去式过去式 2.过去完成过去完成 should（不省）（不省） +v. 过去式过去式 1.would,could,should,might+v 2.would,could,should,might +have done insist suggest If I _（be）a fish, I _in the water freely. If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky. If I were you, I would propose to her. If I _(have) 1

5、million, I _ (buy) a bigger house. If I could rearrange the alphabet, I would put U and I together. If +主语主语+were/did +, 主语主语+would/should/might/could +do+ (1). 对对现在现在情况的虚拟情况的虚拟 ： If 型型 were would swim had would buy if 引导的引导的时态倒退时态倒退虚拟条件状语从句虚拟条件状语从句 If I had followed your advice, I would have passed

6、 CET-6. If I _(have) the time yesterday, I _ (help) her. If you had invited Wealth or Success, the other two of us wouldve stayed out. If +S+ had done +,S+ would/should/might/could + have done+ (2). 对对过去过去情况的虚拟情况的虚拟 ： had had would have helped if 引导的引导的时态倒退时态倒退虚拟条件状语从句虚拟条件状语从句 If I _ (have) the time

7、 tomorrow, I _(help) him. If it _ next week, we _ the sports meeting. If it were to rain next week, we would cancel the sports meeting. If it should rain next week, we would cancel the sports meeting. If +主语主语+were to do/ should do/did +, 主语主语+would/should/might/could +do + had would help rainedwoul

8、d cancel （3）.If 对对将来将来情况虚拟情况虚拟 consolidation 1. if I _ (have) the time now, I _ (help) him. 2. if I _(have) the time yesterday, I _ (help) him. 3. if I _ (have) the time tomorrow, I _ (help) him. 4. if I _(be) the President, I _(make) some changes. hadwould help had had would have helped had/were to

9、 have/should have would help were would make if 引导的引导的时态倒退时态倒退虚拟条件状语从句虚拟条件状语从句 时间时间If 条件状语条件状语从句从句主句主句 与与现在现在事实相反事实相反 的假设的假设 与与过去过去事实相反事实相反 的假设的假设 与与将来将来事实相反事实相反 的假设的假设 If +s+ were/did+ S+ would/should/might/ could +do+ If +s+ had done + S+ would/should/might/ could+ have done + If +s+ were to do/ s

10、hould do/did+ S+ would/should/might/ could +do+ 怎么考？怎么考？ if it _ tomorrow, we would go fishing. A. were to fine B. were fine C. should to fine D. fined If 型的两大考点：型的两大考点： 省略省略if 混合时间的虚拟混合时间的虚拟 考点一：考点一： 省略省略ifif 前提条件前提条件： 当当if引导的虚拟条件状语从句中有引导的虚拟条件状语从句中有had, were, should时。可以省略时。可以省略if,然后将然后将had, were, s

11、hould 提到句首。提到句首。 If I should win the lottery, I would buy a house. Should I win the lottery, I would buy a house. If we had learned English well, we would have gone abroad. Had we learned English well, we would have gone abroad. . 省略if If I were a millionaire, I would not take a job. Were I a millio

12、naire, I would not take a job. If it were to rain tomorrow, we should stay at home Were it to rain tomorrow, we should stay at home 总结：省略总结：省略if后的结构后的结构 Had + 主语主语+ done+, 主语主语+ would have done+ Should + 主语主语+ v.+, 主语主语+ would do+ Were +主语主语+ n./adj./to do+, 主语主语+ would do + practice 1. _the advice

13、of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business. A. if he took B. if he should take C. were he to take D. had he taken practice 2. _, I should ask them some questions. a. Should they come to us b. If they come to us c. Were they come to us d. Had they come to us 考点二：考点二：

14、if 中混和虚拟语气中混和虚拟语气 If you had taken the doctors suggestion, you would feel better now. If you knew me better, you would not have said that. practice 1. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he _ our chairman now. A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be practice 2. _

15、for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is. a. Had it not been b. Were it not c. Be it not d. Should it not be practice 3. _ to the doctor right away, he might be alive today. A. if he went B. had he gone C. were he gone D. should he have gone pr

16、actice 4. _ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party. A. had they arrived B. were they arriving C. would they arrive D. were they to arrive Types 1.If 型型 2.类似类似if型型 3.Should do 型型 4. “跳层虚拟跳层虚拟” 类似类似if型型 1.wish/as if /if only 2. would rather 3. It is (high) tim

17、e that 4. but for/ otherwise/ without 1.过去式过去式 现在现在 2.过去完成过去完成 过去过去 3.could、would、might +v 将来将来 1.过去式过去式 现在现在/将来将来 2.过去完成过去完成 过去过去 should（不省）（不省） +v. 过去式过去式 1.would,could,should,might+v 2.would,could,should,might + have done 1. 与现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑时，从句谓语动词用一与现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑时，从句谓语动词用一 般过去式般过去式(did)。 I

18、wish I were a little younger. I wish I could travel to the moon. I wish I knew his address . 2. 与与过去过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时（事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时（had done） I wish I had been there. I wish I had not attended that party. I wish I could have gone with you to the concert last night. 对对现在现在的虚拟的虚拟 过过 去去 类似类似ifif型

19、型1. Wish “1. Wish “希望，祝愿希望，祝愿” 3.与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用would/could/might+ v. I wish he could explain what he means. I wish you would shut up. Practice: I wish I _ with you to the concert last night. A. could have gone B. went C. could go D. have gone wish 对将来的虚拟对将来的虚拟 practice 2. “I wish you

20、 _ the party last night.” “ It is a shame that I _ .” A. had attended didnt B. attended didnt C. had attended hadnt D. could attend havent practice 3. I wish I _ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A. could have slept B. slept C. might sleep D. have slept 1. 与现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑

21、时，从与现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑时，从 句谓语动词用一般过去式句谓语动词用一般过去式(did)。 eg: I really do not care for the way you are speaking to me. It seems as if you were my father. eg: He talks as if he knew all about it. as if= as though “似乎，好像似乎，好像” as if= as though “as if= as though “似乎，好像似乎，好像” 2. 2. 与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时与过去事实相

22、反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时 （had donehad done） Eg:Eg: It seems as if he It seems as if he had not gonehad not gone to USA. to USA. 3.3.与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用 would/could/might+ v.would/could/might+ v. EgEg； he talks as if he he talks as if he would gowould go abroad. abroad. 注意：注意： 如果如果as if/ as though a

23、s if/ as though 引导的从句引导的从句 中的情形是根据现在的迹象做出的中的情形是根据现在的迹象做出的推测推测，有，有 可能发生，则用陈述语气。可能发生，则用陈述语气。 Eg: It is becoming dark. It looks as Eg: It is becoming dark. It looks as if it if it is going tois going to rain. rain. Eg: It seems as if he Eg: It seems as if he has been tohas been to America.America. If o

24、nly the rain would stop.If only the rain would stop. 但愿雨能停。但愿雨能停。 If only I were taller. If only I were taller. 要是我的个子能高一点就好了。要是我的个子能高一点就好了。 If only he had followed your advice!If only he had followed your advice! 他要是听从了你的建议就好了！他要是听从了你的建议就好了！ If only “但愿，要是。就好了但愿，要是。就好了” 将来将来 现在现在 过去过去 类似类似ifif型型1 1

25、 总结总结 wish/as if/if only 1. 1. 与与现在现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑时，事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑时， 从句谓语动词用一般过去式从句谓语动词用一般过去式( (diddid) )。 2. 2. 与与过去过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用事实相反，从句谓语动词用 过去完成时（过去完成时（had donehad done） 3.3.与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用 would/could/might+ v.would/could/might+ v. practice 8. If only the patient _ a different t

26、reatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now. 2007 a. had received b. received c. should receive d. were receiving (1). would rather do sth.“主语宁愿自己做某事” Eg: I would rather go there tomorrow. 我想明天去那里。 Eg: He would rather stay at home than go to cinema tonight. would rather do

27、 sth. than do sth. “宁愿做某事，而不愿意做某事” 注意：其否定形式为：would rather not do sth. Eg: He would rather not stay at home tonight. 类似类似if型型2. would rather “宁愿宁愿” 2. would rather “2. would rather “宁愿宁愿” (2). would rather have done sth.(2). would rather have done sth.含有虚拟意含有虚拟意 味味 “主语宁愿自己过去做了某事，但实际上没有做主语宁愿自己过去做了某事，但

28、实际上没有做” Eg: I took Sally to the cinema last night,Eg: I took Sally to the cinema last night, but I but I would rather have beenwould rather have been there alone. there alone. 我昨晚带丽萨看电影去了，可是我还不如自己一我昨晚带丽萨看电影去了，可是我还不如自己一 个人去呢。（但实际不是一个人去的）个人去呢。（但实际不是一个人去的） Eg:I Eg:I would rather have hadwould rather ha

29、ve had one breath of one breath of her hair, one kiss of her mouth, one touch her hair, one kiss of her mouth, one touch of her hand than an eternity without it.of her hand than an eternity without it. 1. would rather sb. 1. would rather sb. diddid “主语宁愿让另一个人做某事主语宁愿让另一个人做某事” 注意注意: : 从句中谓语用从句中谓语用did,

30、did,但表示的是现在但表示的是现在 或将来的事件或将来的事件 Eg: Do not come tomorrow. Id rather Eg: Do not come tomorrow. Id rather you you camecame next weekend. next weekend. Eg: she says shed rather he Eg: she says shed rather he left left tomorrow instead of today.tomorrow instead of today. would rather +从句用法（虚拟）从句用法（虚拟） 2

31、. would rather sb. had done sth. “主语宁愿别人过去做了某事，但实际上没 有做” Eg: I would rather you hadnt spoken rudely to her. 我希望你当时没有那么粗鲁地对她说话。 Eg； I would rather my father had given me a set of transformers. would rather +从句用法（虚拟）从句用法（虚拟） 补充 would rather =would sooner=would would rather =would sooner=would preferpr

32、efer =would (just) as soon “=would (just) as soon “宁愿宁愿” 用法一样。用法一样。 Eg: I Eg: I would just as soonwould just as soon you you hadnt hadnt spokenspoken rudely to her. rudely to her. 我希望你当时没有那么粗鲁地对她说话。我希望你当时没有那么粗鲁地对她说话。 1.would rather sb. 1.would rather sb. did did “主语宁愿让另一个人做某事主语宁愿让另一个人做某事” 2. would r

33、ather sb. had done sth. “主语宁愿别人过去做了某事，但实际上 没有做” 总结总结 类似类似if型型 would rather 的用法的用法 现在、将来现在、将来 过去过去 It is (high/the/very/about) time that + 从句（从句（should+ v. / did） “是该做什么事的时候了是该做什么事的时候了”，含有，含有“晚了一点晚了一点”的意思。的意思。 Eg: Do not dawdle away your youth any more. It is time you thought about your future. Its a

34、bout time I _ something about home- decorating. A. learn B. learned C. have learned D. should learn 类似if 型3 It is (high/the/very/about) time that + 从句从句 （should+ v. / did） It was (high/the/very/about) time that + 从句从句（had done） It is high time that we took actions to protect our environment. It was

35、high time that we had taken actions to protect our environment. 补充： 类似if型 3 But for “But for “要不是要不是” Without “Without “如果没有如果没有” 1. but for/without sth., 1. but for/without sth., 主句主句+ +would dowould do ( (表对现在或者将来的虚拟表对现在或者将来的虚拟) ) 2. but for/without sth.,2. but for/without sth.,主句主句+ +would have d

36、onewould have done （表对（表对过去过去的虚拟）的虚拟） But for your help, I would not have accomplishedBut for your help, I would not have accomplished the assignment on time. the assignment on time. （对过去虚拟）（对过去虚拟） 类似类似if型型4 2. Types 1.If 型型 2.类似类似if型型 3.Should do 型型 4. “跳层虚拟跳层虚拟” 在宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句在宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句 及主

37、语从句中及主语从句中 3. (should) + V. 型型 虚拟语气虚拟语气 句型 It is necessary/strange/that +从句从句 一一. . 名词性从句中用名词性从句中用should do should do 表虚拟表虚拟 表示表示“命令命令”，“建议建议”,”,”要求要求”,”,”请求请求”的的 词引导的名词性从句中用词引导的名词性从句中用（shouldshould） dodo 表虚拟表虚拟 一个坚持；一个坚持； insistinsist 两个命令两个命令; ; order ; commandorder ; command 三个建议三个建议: : advise; s

38、uggest; proposeadvise; suggest; propose 五个要求五个要求: : require ; request; require ; request; demand; desire; ask demand; desire; ask 3. Should + V. 型型 Translation 他建议我们早点回家。 He suggested that we (should) go home earlier. It was suggested that we (should) go home earlier. His suggestion was that we (sho

39、uld) go home earlier. He made an suggestion that we (should) go home earlier. 虚拟语气虚拟语气 宾语从句宾语从句 主语从句主语从句 表语从句表语从句 同位语从句同位语从句 表命令： order v./ n. ； ordered adj. command v./ n.; commanded adj. 表建议: advise v.; advice n.; advisable adj. suggest v. ; suggestion n. ; suggestive adj. Propose v.; proposal n.

40、; propositional adj. 表要求； require v.; requirement n.; required adj. request v./ n.; requested adj. insist v./ n. 坚决要求；insistent adj. demand v./ n.; demanded adj. 虚拟语气在：虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中在宾语从句中 注意注意:insist / suggest 各有两意思，要用不同的语各有两意思，要用不同的语 气气 表表“坚决要求坚决要求”,虚拟虚拟, should + do; 表表“坚称坚称,坚持说坚持说”,陈述语气陈述语气,表事实。表事

41、实。 表表“建议建议”，虚拟，虚拟, should + do; 表表“表明、暗示表明、暗示” ，用陈述语气。，用陈述语气。 1. The teacher suggested that we _ more after class. （我们课后（我们课后 多练习）多练习） 2. The look on her face suggested that she _happy 3. He insisted that all of us _there on time by any means. （我们大家想尽办法按时（我们大家想尽办法按时 去那儿）去那儿） 4. He insisted that he _

42、 the wallet(没有偷钱包没有偷钱包). insist suggest (should) practise was should be didnt steal suggested, ordered, required, proposed. demanded; requested; insisted Important, necessary, natural, imperative; strange a pity; a shame; no wonder 二二. 主语从句中主语从句中 It is +adj./n. + that + S. + （should) do It is + +tha

43、t (should) do 二二. 主语从句中主语从句中 It is +adj./n. + that + S. + should do + Adj.: (1). 表“命令，建议，要求”的词加上 ed Eg； suggested; demanded It was suggested that we (should) go home earlier. (2). 特殊adj.；important; necessary; essential; crucial; imperative; vital; natural; strange; urgent; astonishing; amazing; shoc

44、ked; appropriate; preferable 3. Should + V. 型型 二二. . 主语从句中主语从句中 (3). n.: advice; decision; desire; demand; suggestion; motion; pray; resolution; wish; preference; proposal; recommendation; requirement; idea; order; a pity; a shame; no wonder For example It is requested that all members be present at

45、 the meeting. It is my proposal that he _ (send) to study further abroad. It is important that we _ (learn) Japanese well. It is urgent that the government take the measures to protect the environment. should learnshould learn be sent practice 1. it was suggested at the meeting that effective measur

46、es_ to solve the problem. A. be taken B. were taken C. must be taken D. take 2. it is desirable that a general announcement _to the teaching staff. A. will be made B. should make C. be made D. have been made 三三. 目的状语从句中目的状语从句中 ”为了为了“ for fear that in case that lest that Eg: Mary took the umbrella in case it rain. 3. Should + V. 型型 二二. . 主语从句中主语从句中 总结总结 3