工业工程专业英语-周跃进

1、2021/6/71 Chapter1 Introduction to Industrial Engineering Unit 1 Introduction to IE Unit 2 History of IE Unit 3 Academic Disciplines of IE Unit 4 Development of IE 2021/6/72 Origin and Definition of Industrial Engineering oManufacturing oServices oOrigin of IE oDefinition of IE 2021/6/73 Manufacturi

2、ng Manufacturing is defined as making of articles by physical labor or machinery, especially on a large scale. by physical labor: a person with hand tools used craft skills to make objects. by machinery: it has played an increasing role. on a large scale: with the mass production 2021/6/74 Services

3、oHealth-care delivery systems oTransportation systems oGovernments oBanks oDepartments and supermarkets 2021/6/75 Characteristics of Services oProducts are intangible oClosely contact with customers oHigh intensive-labor oDifficult to evaluate performance oDifficult to control quality of services 20

4、21/6/76 Original of Industrial Engineering oEngineering oScience oIndustry 2021/6/77 Engineering Engineering is concerned with the application of scientific knowledge to the solution of problems and to the quest for a “better life.” e.g.: the Egypt Pyramids, the Great Wall, the Roman construction Ci

5、vilChemical ElectricalIndustrial MechanicalMilitary Manufacturing Nuclear ElectronicComputer Aeronautical Astronautical BioengineeringAgricultural/Ocean 2021/6/78 Science Science is concerned with the quest for basic knowledge. e.g.:Mathematics Physics Chemistry Biology Social science (Behavior scie

6、nce, psychology, philosophy, sociology) 2021/6/79 Engineering and Science oEngineering and science have developed in a parallel, complementary fashion, although not always at the same pace. Obviously, knowledge cannot be applied until it is discovered, and once discovered, it will soon be put to use

7、. In its efforts to solve problems, engineering provides feedback to science in areas where new knowledge is needed. Thus, science and engineering work hand in hand. 2021/6/710 Modern era of engineering Beginning in 1750 ,Engineering schools appeared in France in the eighteenth century. The term civ

8、il engineer was first used in 1750 military engineering civil engineering mechanical engineering: steam engine electrical science:electricity and magnetism 2021/6/711 Definition of Industrial Engineering Industrial engineering is concerned with the design, improvement, and installation of integrated

9、 systems of people, materials, information, equipment, and energy. It draws upon specialized knowledge and skill in the mechanical, physical, and social sciences together with the principles and methods of engineering analysis and design to specify, predict, and evaluate, the results to be obtained

10、from such systems 2021/6/712 Understanding the definition of IE Industrial: any organization integrated systems: a factory, a city specialized knowledge: mechanical, physical, and social sciences, the principles and methods of engineering analysis Objectives: to specify, predict, and evaluate, the r

11、esults to be obtained from such systems 2021/6/713 Understanding the definition of IE Discipline character: Engineering tech. Research object: systems (macro/micro) Theory the design and construction of new machines 2021/6/716 Formulation of Industrial Engineering oFrederick Winslow Taylor (泰勒，1856-

12、1915) American inventor, engineer, and efficiency expert noted for his innovations in industrial engineering and management. Analyze and improve the method of performing work, reduce the times required, and set standards (time study) The Principles of Scientific Management (1911) 2021/6/717 Formulat

13、ion of Industrial Engineering Frank B. Gilbreth (吉尔布雷斯，1868-1924) the identification, analysis, and measurement of fundamental motions involved in performing work （motion study) This was a fundamental step in the development of industrial engineering as profession based on “science” rather than “art

14、.” 2021/6/718 Formulation of Industrial Engineering Dr. Lillian Gilbreth (1878-1972) , wife of Frank .She witnessed and contributed to the birth, growth, and maturation of the IE profession. the first lady of engineering the first woman to be elected to the National Academy of Engineering 2021/6/719

15、 Formulation of Industrial Engineering Henry Laurence Gantt (1861-1919) American engineer Gantt chart The Gantt chart was a significant contribution in that it provided a systematic graphical procedure for preplanning and scheduling work activities, reviewing progress, and updating the schedule. Gan

16、tt charts are still in widespread use today. 2021/6/720 Formulation of Industrial Engineering W.A. Shewhart Developed the fundamental principles of statistical quality control in 1924. This was another important development in providing a scientific base to industrial engineering practice. 2021/6/72

17、1 Formulation of Industrial Engineering Many other industrial engineering pioneers contributed to the early development of the profession. During the 1920s and 1930s much fundamental work was done on economic aspects of managerial decisions, inventory problems, incentive plans, factory layout proble

18、ms, material handling problems, and principles of organization. 2021/6/722 Scientific management Peter Drucker systematic work study 2021/6/723 Chronology of IE 1494 1750189019001915 1929 1941 1958 2000 1990 1980 Computer-integrated Manufacturing Flexible Automation Hetrarchial Control Control Theor

19、y Large-scale Systems Total System Design Social Systems Cybernatics Behavioral Theory Office Automation Flexible Mfg. Systems Distributed Data Processing Japanese Production Techniques Computer Networks Artificial Intelligence Personal Computers Voice Programming Automated Inspection CAD/CAM Machin

20、e Vision Optimization Theory Systems Eng. Group Technology Simulation Decision Theory Information Systems Tune Sharing Teleprocessing MRP System Design Robotics Resources Mgmt. Network Techniques Human Facors Layout Materials Handling Human Relations Inventory Theory Statistical Analysis Operation A

21、nalysis Numerical Control Reliability Math. Program AutomationDigital Computer Statistical Quality Control Schedule Charts Piecework Management Planning Motion Study Organization Concepts Inventory Models Engineering Economy First Models Wage Incentive Plans Queueing Productivity Management Controls

22、 Tool Design Labor Unions Accounting Interchange -able Parts Time Studies Division how to analyze and design productive systems and the control procedures for efficiently operating such systems oThe training of a race car driver is analogous to management education: the design of the car is analogou

23、s to industrial engineering education. 2021/6/732 Management oPlanning oOrganizing oCoordinating oControlling oencouraging oCommunicating 2021/6/733 Operations research oDefinition of O.R. oSimilarity to IE oNature of O.R. oCategorization of O.R. 2021/6/734 Operations research oDefinition of O.R. Th

24、e attack of modern science on complex problems arising in the direction and management of large systems of men, machines, materials, and money in industry, business, government, and defense. The distinctive approach is to develop a scientific model of the system, incorporating measurement of factors

25、 such as chance and risk, with which to predict and compare the outcomes of alterative decisions, strategies, or controls. The purpose is to help management determine its policies and actions scientifically. 2021/6/735 Operations research oSimilarity to IE IE and O.R. have commonalities. O.R. and IE

26、 indeed do have many of the same objectives and work on many of the same problems. The primary difference is that O.R. has a higher level of theoretical and mathematical orientation, providing a major portion of the science base of IE. 2021/6/736 Operations research Mathematical Orientation Industri

27、al Engineering Operations Research 2021/6/737 Operations research oNature of O.R. Mathematical involvement e.g.: economic order quantity （经济订货量） Plant location （工厂选址） Job evaluation Quality control Transportation programming problems 2021/6/738 Operations research oCategorization of O.R. Determinist

28、ic ApproachAny time random variation is not allowed Probabilistic ApproachAny time random variation is allowed 2021/6/739 Systems Engineering oDefinition of a system oClassifications of systems oSystems of IE 2021/6/740 Systems Engineering oDefinition of a system A system may be defined as a set of

29、components which are related by some form of interaction, and which act together to achieve some objective or purpose. 2021/6/741 Systems Engineering oClassifications of systems Natural vs. Man-Made Systems Static vs. Dynamic Systems Physical vs. Abstract Systems Open vs. Closed Systems 2021/6/742 S

30、ystems Engineering oSystems of IE Industrial engineers design systems at two levels. The first level is called human activity systems and is concerned with the physical workplace at which human activity occurs. The second level is called management control systems and is concerned with procedures fo

31、r planning, measuring, and controlling all activities within the organization. 2021/6/743 Systems Engineering oSystems of IE cybernetics Norbert Wiener (1894-1964), American mathematician who founded the field of cybernetics. control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine Claude Shannon (香农

32、), Information theory The Mathematical Theory of Communication 2021/6/744 Systems Engineering oSystems of IE Negative feedback e.g.:The most commonly used example of negative feedback is the thermostat. When the temperature drops sufficiently below some desired value, the thermostat initiates the he

33、ating portion of the cycle, and the heat is added until a temperature is reached that is greater than the desired temperature. Heating is then stopped to permit cooling to negate the overheating. Negative feedback means that some action is taken to oppose or negate an unacceptable difference. 2021/6

34、/745 Systems Engineering oSystems of IE Negative feedback e.g.:a conceptual model of negative feedback in management systems Goal Appearent Condition Management Action e=error 2021/6/746 Statistics Statistics has been and will continue to be distinct from industrial engineering. However, the approac

35、h of industrial engineering has changed significantly; the world around us is viewed as probabilistic in nature rather than deterministic. By deterministic it is meant that all actions under consideration in a particular study situation are assumed to be certain. Probabilistic implies that at least

36、one aspect of the study situation has a probability of occurrence associated with it that must be considered. 2021/6/747 Ergonomics Ergonomics previously called human factors, is A subdiscipline of industrial engineering, closely associated with both industrial and experiment psychology. Human-machi

37、ne system design: Physiological aspects of human performance Psychological aspects of human activities Human interface with the world of work 2021/6/748 Manufacturing Engineering Manufacturing Engineering may be defined as designing the production process for a product. Industrial engineering and ma

38、nufacturing engineering are distinct and typical complementary functions in a manufacturing organization. Most firms need both functions represented in their organizations to be truly effective. If one tries to substitute one function for the other, the function omitted typically represents a weakne

39、ss in that manufacturing organization that will likely limit the overall capacity of the technical effort in that organization. 2021/6/749 Manufacturing Engineering A typical manufacturing engineering department is composed of numerous technical professionals (mechanical engineers, thermodynamicists

40、, material engineers, computer scientists, etc.). Each professional represents some part of the technical processes in use at that manufacturing plant. 2021/6/750 Manufacturing Engineering oThe machine to an industrial engineer is a black box that has a production rate, yield rate, required operator

41、 skills, process capabilities, and other production system attributes. The industrial engineer is concerned with developing a production system that produces the required quantity of products at an appropriate cost and quality. 2021/6/751 Manufacturing Engineering oThe industrial engineering respons

42、ibility involves the integration of workers, machines, materials, information, capital, and managerial know-how into a producing system that will produce the right product, at the right cost, at the right time. Manufacturing engineering technical talent is one of the underlying technical plant- supporting resources that guarantee success of that production system. 2021/6/752 Manufacturing Engineering In summary, it is necessary to know the technical details of each of the processes (i.e., manufacturing engi