张良卫国际海上运输第一章

1、International Logistics Management Course Features: nInternational Logistics is a core program for students pursuing a BA in the major of logistics management, aiming at equipping those students with both theories and practices of international logistics. Students will have a comprehensive outlook a

2、bout the basic knowledge and organization method of international logistics. n This course starts with the definition and features of international logistics, and then it introduces the international transportation system, which is the most important one among the many functions included in internat

3、ional logistics system. Other activities than transportation are also discussed. Course Objectives: nThe students will acquire a rough understanding of issues regarding the management and operation of international logistics after taking part in this course, which will help them to be able to take t

4、he first step towards being a qualified logistics manager. nPrerequisites: Logistics Management, Theories and practices of International Trade Course Outline Course Grading n Exams: Final(40%) n Group Project (20%) n Individual research (20%) n Class Attendance & Participation(20%) Attendance & Part

5、icipation: nStudents are expected to attend all sessions. nStudents are expected to participate in class discussions with meaningful comments and/or relevant questions. nPlease inform the instructor ahead of time when you have to miss class. Text book nPierre A. David ,International Logistics: Manag

6、ement of International Trade Operations n张良卫, 国际物流,高等教育出版社 Course outline nIntroduction to international logistics nInternational Transportation nMaritime Shipping nAir Transportation nInternational Overland Transportation and Multi- modal Transportation nInternational Logistics Infrastructure nTerm

7、s of Trade nInternational Payment nInternational freight insurance nCustoms and Customs Clearance nDocumentation and nInternational Logistics Intermediaries and Logistics Alliances Chapter 1 Introduction to International Logistics Chapter Objectives By the end of this chapter students should be able

8、 to: nGet to know the background of the internationalization of logistics, its definition and features, and the components of international logistics system nUnderstand the relationship between international logistics and international trade nUnderstand international supply chain management Concept

9、of Logistics1 nLogisticsisprocessofplanning, implementingandcontrollingtheefficient， cost-effectiveflowandstorageofraw materials，in-processinventory，finishedgoods， andrelatedinformationfrompoint-of-origin topoint-ofconsumptionforthepurposeof conformingtocustomerrequirements(CLM, 1985) n以满足客户需求为目的，对原

10、材料、在制品、产成品 以及相关信息从供应地到消费地的高效率、低成本流 动和储存而进行的计划、实施和控制过程 Part 1 Concept of Logistics 2 nLogisticsis thatpartofthesupplychain processthatplans，implements，andcontrols theefficient，effectiveforwardandreverse flowandstorageofgoods，services，and relatedinformationbetweenthepointOf originandthepointOfconsumpt

11、ionin ordertomeet customerrequirements. (CLM, 1998) P29 n物流是供应链流程的一部分，是为了满足客户需求而 对商品、服务及相关信息从供应地到消费地的高效率、 高效益的正向和反向流动及储存进行的计划、实施与 控制过程 Part 1 Logistics Management Boundaries & Relationships nLogistics Management activities typically include transportation management, warehousing, materials handling,

12、 order fulfillment, logistics network design, inventory management, supply/demand planning, and management of third party logistics services providers. To varying degrees, the logistics function also includes sourcing and procurement, production planning and scheduling, packaging , and customer serv

13、ice. It is involved in all levels of planning and execution strategic, operational and tactical. Logistics Management is an integrating function, which coordinates and optimizes all logistics activities, as well as integrates logistics activities with other functions including marketing, sales manuf

14、acturing, finance and information technology. Part 1 nLogistics Management activities typically include transportation management运输管理运输管理, warehousing仓储仓储, materials handling物料搬运物料搬运, order fulfillment订单执行订单执行, logistics network design物流网络设计物流网络设计 ，inventory management库存管理库存管理, supply/demand plannin

15、g供给、供给、 需求计划需求计划, and management of third party logistics services providers第三方物流供应商管理第三方物流供应商管理. To varying degrees, the logistics function also includes sourcing and procurement采购采购, production planning and scheduling生产计划与调度生产计划与调度, packaging 包装包装, and customer service客户服务客户服务. It is involved in a

16、ll levels of planning and execution strategic, tactical and operational. nLogistics Management is an integrating function, which coordinates and optimizes all logistics activities, as well as integrates logistics activities with other functions including marketing, sales manufacturing, finance and i

17、nformation technology. International Logistics is the process of planning, implementing and controlling the flow and storage of goods, services and information from the point of origin to a point of consumption located in a different country. P30 nIn a narrow senseIn a narrow sense It refers to It r

18、efers to Logistics activities accompany International Trade(Logistics activities accompany International Trade(国际国际 贸易物流贸易物流) ). That is, when production and consumption is located . That is, when production and consumption is located in two or more countries, physical movement of goods takes in two

19、 or more countries, physical movement of goods takes place to realize the time and place utility and finally an place to realize the time and place utility and finally an international transaction is ernational transaction is settled. What is International Logistics? Part 2 U.S.A. Mexico

20、Miami Little Rock Part 2 u nIn a broad sense Plus non-trade logistics such as international exhibition logistics, international postal logistics, international ammunition logistics and international logistics of famine relief 广义：国际贸易物流、非贸易国际物流（国际展 览与展品物流，国际邮政物流，援外项目物流， 军火物流等） What is International L

21、ogistics? Factors Pushing Global Logistics Technological Advances Emergence of Global Markets Global Cost Forces Competitive factors International Logistics and International Trade nThe demand of logistics and transportation across borders comes from International Trade nThe improvement of Internati

22、onal Logistics is required by International Trade and in turn will facilitate the development of International Trade Quality, economy, time, safety From international logistics management to International supply chain management What are the differences between logistics management and supply chain

23、management ? The best middleman in today s trading world- -LI & FUNG Li & Fung is a specialist in the sourcing of private label consumer goods, primarily to retailers and brands Headquartered in Hong Kong Over 100 years of history a sourcing network of 68 offices in 40 countries 6,000 staffs Market

24、capitalization approx US$5 billion The concept of “Soft $3” $1$4 Product design Sourcing Logistics Wholesale retail InformationManagement The cost that is spread throughout the distribution channels the “Soft $3” How LI & FUNG Adds Value? Li & Fung does the high-value-added front-and back-end tasks

25、front end back end it organizes the lower-value-added middle stages through its network of over 8,000 suppliers, 2,500 of which are active at any time raw material and component sourcing Managing production How LI & FUNG Adds Value? Li & Fung does the high-value-added front-and back-end tasks front

26、end back end design quality control engineering testing production planning logistics it organizes the lower-value-added middle stages through its network of 8,300 suppliers, 2,500 of which are active at any time raw material and component sourcing managing production The Changing Role Of The Tradin

27、g Company Level of Value Added 1906Now Buying Agency Sourcing Borderless Manufacturing Borderless Manufacturing Assembly VIETNAM Shell KOREA Lining TAIWAN Filler CHINA Zipper JAPAN Label, elastic, studs, toggle and string China Made in Hong Kong by The Changing Role Of The Trading Company Level of V

28、alue Added 1906Now Buying Agency Sourcing Borderless Manufacturing nWhy its so hard to copy the success of Li and Fung (what is its core competency)? The Changing Role Of The Trading Company Level of Value Added 1906Now Buying Agency Sourcing Borderless Manufacturing Supply Chain Management Developi

29、ng long-term cooperative relationships with customers and suppliers overtime that build mutual trust and produce win-win situation for all involved Supply chain management p 31 nSupply chain management is a much border term than logistics management. It is not only includes both the domestics logist

30、ics and international logistic functions, but it also includes the mangement of relationship with suppliers and customers (domestics and foreign ) and , to some degree, of their relationship with their suppliers and their customers. It deals with the entire supply chain, attempting to manage a smoot

31、h flow of goods from the first supplier to ultimate customer . LI & FUNG VS ZARA What kind of enterprise Zara is? What is Zaras competitive advantage? nQuestions: nWhat is Zaras competitive advantage? nExplain Zaras business model and how it help to maintain Zaras competitive advantage? nGoods are m

32、oved and exchanged across borders to promote world economic development and optimal allocation of world resources by utilizing international logistics network, facilities and technology based on the principle of international division of labors and collaboration and international practices. n按国际分工协作

33、的原则，依照国际惯例，利用国际化 的物流网络、物流设施和物流技术，实现货物在国际 间的流动与交换，以促进区域经济的发展和世界资源 的优化配置。 International Logistics is about- Part 2 nTo get the right goods or services to the right place located in a different country, at the right time, lowest cost, minimum risk, and in the desired condition, by selecting the best wa

34、y and method, while making the greatest contribution to the firm and the world as a whole. n为国际贸易和跨国经营服务，即选择最佳的方式与路 径，以最低的费用和最小的风险，保质、保量、适时 地将货物从某国的供方运到另一国的需方。 The objective is - Questions and Problems Suppose that a manufacturer of mens shirts can produce a dress shirt in its Houston, Texas plant f

35、or $8 per shirt (including the cost of raw materials). Chicago is a major market for 100,000 shirts per year. Transportation and storage charges from Houston to Chicago amount to $5 per hundredweight (cwt.). Each packaged shirt weighs 1 pound. (1cwt=100pounds) As an alternative, the company can have

36、 the shirts produced in Thailand for $4 per shirt (including the cost of raw materials). The raw materials, weighing about 1 pound per shirt, would be shipped from Houston to Thailand at a cost of $20 per cwt. When the shirts are completed, they are to be shipped directly to Chicago at a transportat

37、ion and storage cost of $30 per cwt. An import duty of $0.50 per shirt is assessed. Questions a.From a logistics-production cost standpoint, should the shirts be produced in Thailand? b.What additional considerations, other than economic ones, might be considered before making a final decision? Why

38、is international logistics so different from domestic logistics? Elements of International Logistics P31 nPhysical distance nCultural and language differences ( management issues) nDifferent currencies nInfrastructure issues nDifferent legal environments nGovernment and political issues n Beginning

39、Dates for the Chinese New Year, 2011-2018 Difference between domestic and international logistics( cont) nTransportation modes nLogistics contracts and documents nPackaging and labeling nInternational insurance nInternational means of payment nTerms of trade nTime component nnumber of intermediaries

40、 International transportation- ndifferent modes of transportation ndifferent carriers ndifferent transportation documents nand much greater transit times. New Trends nNew types of transport: qMultimodal transport qPiggyback transport qKangourou transport qRoll-on / roll-of system qLASH system qPipel

41、ines nUsing containers nUsing pallets nSupply and/or transport centers nEDI (electronic data interchange) nGreen logistics nRFID International insurance Reasons nDamaging weather conditions nRough handling by carriers, nOther common hazards to cargo Type of covers nMarine cargo insurance nCargo insu

42、rance nNot too much or too little nBalance the cost and benefit International packaging and labeling nPackaging needs are different, as the goods are exposed to a number of risks rarely encountered in domestic transactions. nIt is said that containers can protect goods from pilferage and theft since

43、 there are only numbers on it without showing the content. nCarriers only need to provide seaworthy vessels as proof of their carriage capacity. Therefore shippers should take this into consideration to avoid troubles. for package design, the storage and transportation of goods should both be consid

44、ered. A Package Marked for Export Logistics Documents nAir waybill空运单 nBill of lading 提单 nCommercial invoice商 业发票 nCertificate of origin 原 产地证明 nInspection certification n商检证明 Export license 出口许可 证 packing list装箱单 Insurance certificate 保险单 Proforma invoice 形式发 票 Shipping order发货单 Booking note订舱单 Mat

45、es receipt 收货单 Flow of documentation is as much a part of the main logistical flow as the flow of product International Methods of Payment nMethods of payment refer to the manner by which a seller will be paid by a buyer. nMuch more challenging in international logistics nbalance the risk of losing

46、business and losing money nFour methods of payment include: qCash in advance 预付 qLetters of credit 信用证 qcollection on documents 跟单托收 qOpen account 往来帐户 14-45 Figure 12-4: Letter of Credit Terms of Trade nTerms of trade determine: n when and where to transfer the following between buyer and seller: n

47、Physical goods nPayment for the goods, freight charges, and insurance for the in-transit goods nLegal title to the goods nRequired documentation nResponsibility for controlling or caring for the goods in transit 14-47 Terms of trade nTerms of trade for international shipments are commonly referred t

48、o as Incoterms. qUse is not mandatory, but generally accepted by legal authorities, buyers, and sellers worldwide qBegin with the letters C,D, E, or F 14-48 Terms of trade Incoterms 2000 nEX-Works (EXW) nFCA (Free Carrier) nFAS (Free Alongside Ship) nFOB (Free on Board) nCFR (Cost and Freight) nCPT

49、(Carriage Paid To) nCIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight) nCIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid To) nDES (Delivered Ex Ship) nDEQ (Delivered Ex Quay) nDAF (Delivered at Frontier) nDDP (Delivered Duty Paid) nDDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid) 14-49 International Trade Specialists nInternational Freight Forwarders(

50、cargo agent ) 国际货运代理 ninternational ship agent 国际船舶代理 nNonvessel-operating common carrier (NVOCC)无船公共承运人 nExport management company (EMC） nExport packers 14-50 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall International Freight Forwarders(cargo agent )国际货运国际货运 代理代理 nspecialize in handling eith

51、er vessel shipments or air shipments nPrinciple functions include: qBooking space on carriers qPreparing an export declaration qPreparing an air waybill or bill of lading qObtaining consular documents qArranging for Insurance qPreparing and sending shipping notices and documents qServing as general

52、consultant on export matters nternational ship agent 国际船舶代理 nPrinciple functions include: nProceeding declaration procedure for the vessel in/out of ports , narranging for the pilotage引水, towage拖船 etc. n Handling vessel inspection, repair, fumigation, washing, sweeping and supply of fuel, fresh water, food, material n Proceeding the container import /export declaration procedure narrang