高考语法必备-虚拟语气

1、 2虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、 建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语 从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气； 3主从句表示不同的时间概念、事实或假 设情况，从而交错成为错综时间虚拟语气； 4含蓄条件句中表示愿望的虚拟语气。 类型类型构成或用法构成或用法例句例句 用于简用于简 单句中单句中 hope，expect，think，mean， plan，want，intend，suppose等等 动词的动词的“过去完成时过去完成时”或它们的或它们的 “过去时不定式的完成时过去时不定式的完成时”表表 示过去未曾实现的希望或打算。示过去未曾实现的希望或打算。 We hoped to hav

2、e stayed there a week. “if only陈述句陈述句”表示现在的表示现在的 愿望用过去时；表示过去的愿望愿望用过去时；表示过去的愿望 用过去完成时；表示将来的愿望用过去完成时；表示将来的愿望 用过去时或过去将来时。用过去时或过去将来时。 If only I were a flying bird. If only I had seen the film！ 类型类型构成或用法构成或用法例句例句 用于用于 状语状语 从句从句 中中 与现在事实相反与现在事实相反 If主语动词过去式主语动词过去式(be的形式一律用的形式一律用 were)，主句主语，主句主语 should/woul

3、d/could/might 动词原形动词原形 If I were you，I should seize the chance to go abroad. If I had enough money，I would first of all buy myself a computer. 与过去事实相反与过去事实相反 If主语主语had过去分词，主句主语过去分词，主句主语 should/would/could/might have过去分过去分 词词 If you had taken my advice，you would not have failed in the exams. 与将来事实相反与

4、将来事实相反 If主语动词过去式主语动词过去式/should动词原形动词原形 /were to动词原形，主句主语动词原形，主句主语 would/should/could/might动词原形动词原形 If he should not come tomorrow， we should put off the meeting till next Monday. as if/though引导的方式状语从句引导的方式状语从句 even if/though引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句 过去时过去时表现在表现在 过去进行时过去进行时表现在进行表现在进行 过去完成时过去完成时表过去表过去could/m

5、ight/would 动词原形动词原形表将来表将来 He talks as if he knew all about it. Even if he were here，he couldnt solve the problem. Even if he had been ill, he would have gone to his office. 类型类型构成或用法构成或用法例句例句 用于定用于定 语从句语从句 中中 在在It is(high) time (that).句句 型中，定语从句的谓语动词用型中，定语从句的谓语动词用 过去式或过去式或should动词原形，动词原形， 其中其中should

6、不可以省略。此句不可以省略。此句 型意为型意为“(现在现在)该该”，用，用 来表示建议。来表示建议。 It is (high) time that you went to school. It is (high) time that we should start out. 类型类型构成或用法构成或用法例句例句 用于用于 宾语宾语 从句从句 中中 wish宾语从句的虚拟语气有三种表达方宾语从句的虚拟语气有三种表达方 式式 过去时过去时表现在表现在 过去完成时过去完成时表过去表过去could/would/might 动词原形动词原形表将来表将来 I wish (that) I were a bi

7、rd and could fly freely in the sky. I wish (that) I had met that film star yesterday. I wish it would stop raining. 用于表示要求、命令、建议、意图、决用于表示要求、命令、建议、意图、决 定、推荐等意义的动词，如定、推荐等意义的动词，如order， require，demand，suggest，advise， propose，command，request，insist， recommend等后接宾语从句时，从句谓等后接宾语从句时，从句谓 语动词为语动词为(should)动词原形。

8、动词原形。 He suggested that we (should) start off early the next day. The teacher demanded that all of the students(should) be here on time. would rather(would sooner)后的宾语从后的宾语从 句，谓语用一般过去时表现在或将来要做句，谓语用一般过去时表现在或将来要做 的事情。如谈到过去的动作，则用过去完的事情。如谈到过去的动作，则用过去完 成时。成时。 I would rather they didnt hear of the news. 类

9、型类型构成或用法构成或用法例句例句 用于用于 主语主语 从句从句 中中 It is desired/suggested/proposed/necessary /important/strange/natural /essential/a pitythat从句，从句中的从句，从句中的 谓语动词用谓语动词用“(should)动词原形动词原形”。 It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week. 用于用于 表语表语 从句从句 和同和同 位语位语 从句从句 中中 在在suggestion，proposal，orde

10、r，plan， idea，request，advice等名词后的表语从等名词后的表语从 句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成 是是“(should)动词原形动词原形”。 We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Dalian for sightseeing. as if/though引导的表语从句引导的表语从句 过去时过去时表现在表现在 过去进行时过去进行时表现在进行表现在进行 过去完成时过去完成时表过去表过去 could/would/might动词原形动词原形表将来表将来 He looks

11、 as if he were an artist. She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America. He learns English so hard as if he would go to the US.A. 类型类型构成或用法构成或用法例句例句 注意注意 条件句中有条件句中有were，had，should时，若省略时，若省略if，则需把，则需把were，had，should放在放在 主语前，构成倒装结构。如果省略的条件句的谓语动词是否定形式，不能用动主语前，构成倒装结构。如果省略的条件句的谓

12、语动词是否定形式，不能用动 词的缩略形式。词的缩略形式。 Were I at school again, I would study harder. Had you come early, you would have caught the bus. 虚拟条件句和主句动作若发生的时间不一致，主句和从句的谓语要根据各自虚拟条件句和主句动作若发生的时间不一致，主句和从句的谓语要根据各自 所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式，这种句子叫作错综时间条件句。动所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式，这种句子叫作错综时间条件句。动 词形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应调整。词形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应调

13、整。 Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. 有时虚拟条件不用从句，而是通过上下文或用介词短语等表示出来，这种句有时虚拟条件不用从句，而是通过上下文或用介词短语等表示出来，这种句 子叫含蓄条件句。常用的介词有子叫含蓄条件句。常用的介词有with，without，but for，otherwise等。等。 we couldnt have finished the work in time withou

14、t your help. 当当suggest作作“暗示，表明暗示，表明”讲，讲，insist作作“坚持认为坚持认为”讲时，从句要用陈述语讲时，从句要用陈述语 气。气。 He insisted that he had done nothing wrong.他坚持说他没有做错。他坚持说他没有做错。 His pale look suggested that he was in poor health.苍白的面色表明他身体状况不苍白的面色表明他身体状况不 佳。佳。 高考试题探究高考试题探究 1(2012辽宁，33)Jack is a great talker. Its high time that h

15、e something instead of just talking. Awill do Bhas done Cdo Ddid 解析D句意：杰克是一个大空谈家。到了他做点事情而不是夸夸其谈 的时候了。 虚拟语气句型It is(high) time that sb. did sth./should do sth.表示“到某人该 做某事的时候了” (其中should不能省略)，故选D项。 2(2012浙江，19)Had they known what was coming next, they second thoughts. Amay have Bcould have Cmust have h

16、ad Dmight have had 解析D句意：如果他们知道接下来将发生什么，他们可能会再三考虑的。 根据句意可知是与过去事实相反的虚拟， 主句应用“should/would/could/might have done”，故D项正确。 3(2012陕西，17)If my car more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer. Awas Bhad been Cshould be Dwould be 解析B句意：如果我的车(性能)更可靠些的话，去年夏天我就开车去拉萨 而不是坐飞机去了。 根据句意

17、可知为与过去事实相反的虚拟，if引导的条件从句应该使用过去完成 时，故选择B项。 4(2012福建，31)We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we more places of interest yesterday. Avisited Bhad visited Cwould visit Dwould have visited 解析D句意：我们在那个小村庄迷了路，要不然，我们昨天就能参观更 多的名胜。根据句意可知为与过去事实相反的虚拟， 主句应用“should/would/could/mighthave done”。故答案为D项。 5

18、(2012安徽，31)Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often. Alives Bwould live Clived Dwere to live 解析D句意：格雷斯不想搬到纽约去，因为她认为如果她住在那里，就 不能经常见到父母了根据“wouldnt be able to see. ”及句意可知，该句为与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，if从句应用were todo或 shoulddo或一般过去时态，故D项

19、正确。 6(2012天津，15)We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold us a ride home. Adidnt offer Bwouldnt offer Chasnt offered Dhadnt offered 解析D句意：昨天如果哈罗德不让我们搭他的车回家的话，我们就会叫 出租车了。根据“would have called.yesterday” 可知此句为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，条件句应用过去完成时，故D项正 确。 7(2011北京，28)Where are the children? The dinners going to

20、 be completely ruined. I wish they always late. AwerentBhadnt been Cwouldnt be Dwouldnt have been 解析A句意：孩子们都到哪里去了？饭菜就要变凉了。我希望他们 不要总是迟到。wish后跟that从句， 从句采用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反的用一般过去时，与过去事实相反的用 过去完成时。本题表示与现在事实相反， 应用一般过去时，故正确答案为A项。 8(2011天津，15)I sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me. Ahad come Bwas coming Cwould come Dwould ha