高考英语短文改错专题复习完整版

1、 How to correct a How to correct a compositioncomposition 短文改错短文改错 1 短文改错测试点短文改错测试点 高考英语短文改错主要考查考生在语篇高考英语短文改错主要考查考生在语篇 中综合运用英语语言知识的能力，它不中综合运用英语语言知识的能力，它不 同于单句改错，考生应在理解短文的基同于单句改错，考生应在理解短文的基 础上础上,，根据上下文的逻辑关系，根据上下文的逻辑关系,对文中对文中 的错误做出判断，并进行纠正。因此，的错误做出判断，并进行纠正。因此， 该题型综合性强，涉及面广。该题型综合性强，涉及面广。 短文改错所考查的知识点涵盖了

2、短文改错所考查的知识点涵盖了 中学英语中的所有的语法内容，中学英语中的所有的语法内容， 侧重考查侧重考查 : :动词和非谓语动词，动词和非谓语动词， 连词与逻辑关系，副词与形容词连词与逻辑关系，副词与形容词 等，同时也兼顾考查名词，冠词，等，同时也兼顾考查名词，冠词， 动词时态，代词，行文逻辑和固动词时态，代词，行文逻辑和固 定搭配等。定搭配等。 1 1、贴近实际生活、贴近实际生活 2 2、话题有关学生学习生活、话题有关学生学习生活 3 3、多以书信和日记的形式出现、多以书信和日记的形式出现 4 4、浅显易懂，没有生僻、超纲词汇。、浅显易懂，没有生僻、超纲词汇。 5 5、句子结构简单，基本是简

3、单句和并、句子结构简单，基本是简单句和并 不复杂的复合句。不复杂的复合句。 常考的短文常考的短文改错的错误主要是以 下几个方面：一是语法方面，主要测一是语法方面，主要测 试动词时态和语态，非谓语动词和短试动词时态和语态，非谓语动词和短 语动词；名词语动词；名词.代词的各种形式，形容代词的各种形式，形容 词和副词以及比较等级的用法；连词词和副词以及比较等级的用法；连词. 冠词冠词.介词；主谓一致；简单句介词；主谓一致；简单句.并列句并列句 和复合句，以及倒装和复合句，以及倒装.省略句等。省略句等。 二二是在行文逻辑方面，主要考查人是在行文逻辑方面，主要考查人 物的性别及相应的物主代词或物的物的性

4、别及相应的物主代词或物的 数量及相应的物主代词，句子的并数量及相应的物主代词，句子的并 列列.递进递进.转折转折.因果关系；时间的先因果关系；时间的先 后顺序等后顺序等 . 高考短文改错的短文通常只有高考短文改错的短文通常只有120120个词个词 左右。各种错误所占比例为左右。各种错误所占比例为 1：1：8： 多多 缺缺 错错 得法者，事半功倍得法者，事半功倍 一、动词形一、动词形 主要包括两类错误：动词的主要包括两类错误：动词的时态时态和和语态语态 错误，以及错误，以及主、谓不一致主、谓不一致的错误。的错误。 2015四川卷：四川卷： When he gets home, he saw th

5、e animal waiting at the door, still wearing his jacket with the wallet in the pocket. 2016天津卷：天津卷： In Grade Eight I took physics. In one test I get only 36 percent of the answers correct. got got 2014安徽卷：安徽卷： Anyone can borrow books if he or she wish. 2015安徽卷：安徽卷： You can sit at the desk and read th

6、e daily newspapers, magazines and the other books, but you are not permit to take them out wishes permitted 1.After they had chose the books they wished to read, the instructor told them the principal points he wanted them to note. 2. Not only the students but also the teacher like the film. chosen

7、likes 3.I will like to know where you were born. 4.I would like you read it again. 5.My father mustnt have said such a thing. would to couldnt /cant 6.When our six children were young ,suppertime is always being interrupted . 7.Growing up is not easy. Sometimes all that is need is someone to rely on

8、 . 8.The bike outside my house is belonged to Tom. was needed 解决方案解决方案 (1) 通读全文，搞清文中动词时态通读全文，搞清文中动词时态 的主旋律的主旋律 . (2) 结合语境，灵活运用时态形式结合语境，灵活运用时态形式 . (3) 认真推敲，准确把握主动与被认真推敲，准确把握主动与被 动动 . 考点剖析 此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方 面：面： (1) 短文中时态的使用前后不一致短文中时态的使用前后不一致 . (2) 在特定语境条件下时态的误用在特定语境条件下时态的误用(如含如含 有状语从

9、句的复合句中，主句用将来时有状语从句的复合句中，主句用将来时 态，而从句中则用一般现在时态态，而从句中则用一般现在时态) . (3) 主动语态和被动语态的混用主动语态和被动语态的混用 . 二、名词数二、名词数 指指名词单、复数形式名词单、复数形式的用法错误。的用法错误。 2016陕西卷：陕西卷：Personally, I found most lesson rather uninteresting. 2015浙江卷：浙江卷：A nearby company was looking for students with good handwriting to write addresses on

10、evenlope .The pay was 10 cents per envelope. lessons evenlopes 2016福建卷福建卷： If you have interests in it, reply to me soon. 2016陕西卷：陕西卷： They have all sorts of course. Im sure you will find one you like it. 2016重庆卷：重庆卷： In summer, the sea under the blue skies is even more beautiful. interest courses s

11、ky 1.The book will give you all the informations you need. 2. He is on good term with me. 3. He is a generous fellow, and will soon make friend with you again. They did not want me to do any work at family furniture,fun,homework,paper,news,pro gress,trouble,work（工作），（工作），advice等等 information terms f

12、riends home 4. He sent his daughter to a girls high school. 5. Give me three spoonful of sugar. 6. Aunt Mary returned home after ten years absence. 7.He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests . girls spoonfuls years idea 考点剖析考点剖析 此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几 个方面：个方面： (1) 可名词与不可数名词的混用可名词与

13、不可数名词的混用. (2) 用于固定词组中的一些名词用于固定词组中的一些名词 的的 用法用法 . (3) 同义词或反义词的混用同义词或反义词的混用 . 1. 理清可数与不可数名词之间的区别理清可数与不可数名词之间的区别 与联系与联系 . 2. 记清一些用于固定词组中名词的记清一些用于固定词组中名词的 特殊用法特殊用法 . 3.3.结合语境认真分辨同义名词或近义结合语境认真分辨同义名词或近义 名词名词 . 三、还要注意形和副三、还要注意形和副 注意注意形容词和副词形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用在句子中的作用和具体用 法。这也是高考短文改错题的常考点。法。这也是高考短文改错题的常考点。 201

14、6浙江卷：浙江卷：I got to the finishing line first. I won the race. I felt very proudly of myself. 2016福建卷：福建卷：We can hear birds singing happy all around. proud happily 修饰修饰名词，名词，bebe动词，系动词动词，系动词要用要用形容词形容词 修饰修饰动词，形容词，整个句子动词，形容词，整个句子用用副词副词 比较级比较级和和最高级最高级的使用的使用 2015全国卷全国卷： I will learn more about the history

15、of the Olmpics as good as the 2008 Olmpic games. 2015辽宁卷：辽宁卷： She was usual patient with her students and never made them disappointed. usually well 1.Unfortunate，there are too many people in my family. 2. You should be respectable towards your teachers. 3. I am absolutely uncapable to tell a lie. U

16、nfortunately fortunately，luckily，obviously， natrually，interestingly respectful incapable 4. You must make your parents happily. 5. He looked differently after his return from Europe. 6.The number of girls is very few. happy different small 7.They came back lately and had some tea . 8.The two men thr

17、ew all their equipment into the water to make the balloon light. 9.The new person on the job feels more better after he or she has played tennis with other people in the office. late lighter much/even/rather 考点剖析考点剖析 : (1) 形容词和副词的混用，是短文形容词和副词的混用，是短文 改错中常见的考点之一改错中常见的考点之一 . (2)比较级和最高级的混用或误用比较级和最高级的混用或

18、误用. (3)比较级和最高级修饰语的误用比较级和最高级修饰语的误用 以及近义词的误用以及近义词的误用 . 解决方案解决方案 (1) 熟知形容词和副词的句法功熟知形容词和副词的句法功 能能 . (2) 理清短文中形容词和副词比理清短文中形容词和副词比 较较 等级的关系等级的关系 . (3) 结合短文内容，准确使用形结合短文内容，准确使用形 容词和副词容词和副词. 四、非谓语，细辨别四、非谓语，细辨别 这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现现 在分词、过去分词，动名词在分词、过去分词，动名词和和不定式不定式错误。错误。 2015浙江卷：浙江卷： I could no

19、t to run very fast and fell behind. 2015宁夏卷：宁夏卷：Li Meng came see me every day. to 2013重庆卷：重庆卷： And there were many meaningful things 2013辽宁卷：辽宁卷： We all enjoyed this precious day greatly , remember the time we spent together and the people they were familiar with.remembering that were worth think of

20、 thinking 1.He has never been heard speak ill of others. 2. We hear it say frequently that what present-day men most desire is security. 3.It is difficult to make yourself understand in English. to said understood 4.On his way home,he suddenly heard his name calling. 5. But then there are always mor

21、e mysteries look into. 6. After learn the basics of the subject, nothing else seemed very practical to me . called to learning 7.That is, a game of tennis making him very busy. 8.He didn t want share things with other people. 9.Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper. 10. My parents love me de

22、arly of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. made to talking to 11.The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was coming down. 12. I just want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person . 13. They wanted one child or another to co

23、me out and played. keeping become play 考点剖析考点剖析 此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个 方面：方面： (1) 谓语动词与非谓语动词的混用谓语动词与非谓语动词的混用. (2) 非谓语动词之间的混用非谓语动词之间的混用. (3) 在并列结构中非谓语动词的误在并列结构中非谓语动词的误 用用. (1) 纵观全文或全句，明确句中动词纵观全文或全句，明确句中动词 所作的句子成分所作的句子成分. (2) 系统掌握非谓语动词的句法功能系统掌握非谓语动词的句法功能. (3) 前后联系，整体把握前后联系，整体把握 . 六六、 代词代词格，格

24、，细领悟细领悟 高考链接高考链接6： I heard that Mr. Wang would teach our English this term. us 1.1.人称代词人称代词主格主格和和宾格宾格，物主代词物主代词的使用的使用 反身代词反身代词oneselfoneself 的使用的使用 3 3不定代词不定代词的使用的使用 4 4Both,all,either,neither,noneBoth,all,either,neither,none的使用的使用. . 5.5. Whose Whose 和和whoswhos，itsits和和 itsits的区别的区别 人称人称 单数单数复数复数 主格

25、主格宾格宾格主格主格宾格宾格 第一人第一人 称称 第二人第二人 称称 第三人第三人 称称 Imeweus youyouyouyou hehim sheher itit theythem 单数单数复数复数 形容形容 词性词性 物主物主 代词代词 myyourhisherits ouryourtheir 名词名词 性物性物 主代主代 词词 mine yours hishers its ours yours theirs 五五、 代词代词格，格，细领悟细领悟 （ 2014全国全国I） I was only about six when he held his hand out to me. I to

26、ok it in me and we walked. mine Finally, the men threw away most of his clothes to save themselves . their 2014全国全国II： I should be able to tell visitors about our history and culture and show them their great achievement. 2012陕西：陕西： Just at that time I woke up and found me still in bed! our myself t

27、 1.Knowledge is there for whomever will seek it. 2.Whom do you think is the writer of this book? 3.His brothers case is quite different from me. whoever who mine 4.People find increasingly difficult to make their living. 5.He is taller than any one in his class. 6. I spoke a man who I thought to be

28、my cousin. it else to 7.I read your e-mail to my parents and showed them the photo you sent it to me . 8. I hope that both you two could come and visit us some time soon . 9. Those fresh men finally learned to solve the problems by them. themselves 考点剖析考点剖析 此类题的错误设置一般包括以下此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几几 个方面：个方面： 1)

29、 代词指代的人或事物前后不一致代词指代的人或事物前后不一致 的错误的错误. 2) “it” 一词的不当使用一词的不当使用(包括用于包括用于 从句中或作形式主语或宾语从句中或作形式主语或宾语). 3) 不定代词或反身代词的误用不定代词或反身代词的误用. 解决方案解决方案 (1) 顺藤摸瓜，理清短文中代词的指顺藤摸瓜，理清短文中代词的指 代关系，注意联系上下文。代关系，注意联系上下文。 (2) 系统掌握系统掌握it的各种用法的各种用法 . ( (3 3) )准确把握不定代词在文中的正确使准确把握不定代词在文中的正确使 用。用。 主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其

30、错误表现形式主要有三种：错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭多词、少词和搭 配错误。配错误。 catch a sight of lose my heart in hurry in Sunday afternoon such many people in a short a on so 六、习惯用法要记住六、习惯用法要记住 1.Dont approach to a work of art in such a spirit. 2. The boy was absorbed building a dam in the brook. 3. I was impressed at the zeal wi

31、th which he spoke of the plan. 4. The gentleman insisted at my receiving the money. 5. At last we reached to the village at the foot of the hill in with on 6.Because the help you gave me that summer ,my life changed. 7. When a young man starts to earn his own living ,he can no longer expect others t

32、o pay his food . 8. I imagine youll be at vacation yourself by that time. of for on 考点剖析考点剖析 : (1) 在一些固定短语中，介词的误在一些固定短语中，介词的误 用用 是很常见的题型是很常见的题型 . (2) 介词与连词或副词的混用介词与连词或副词的混用. (3) 及物动词之后介词的多用或不及及物动词之后介词的多用或不及 物动词之后介词的漏用物动词之后介词的漏用. 解析方案解析方案: (1) 平时的学习中注意积累语言知识，平时的学习中注意积累语言知识， 特别是一些固定搭配的记忆特别是一些固定搭配的记忆 .

33、 (2) 强化语法训练，分清连词，副词强化语法训练，分清连词，副词 和介词之间的区别和句法功能和介词之间的区别和句法功能 . (3)语法知识的记忆和语感的培养结合语法知识的记忆和语感的培养结合 起来起来 . 七、句子成分多分析七、句子成分多分析 不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语境要不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语境要 选择不同的词语。只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分选择不同的词语。只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分 析，才能找出用词不当的错误。析，才能找出用词不当的错误。 2013年安徽卷年安徽卷 : She looked at me and started to laugh. “How

34、 are you laughing?”I asked. 2013天津卷：天津卷：I was lucky enough to have a teacher which didnt take my bad grades as a judgement of my abilities, but who / that Why 1. My roommate lives in a small town in central Missouri, a quiet town which I would like to live myself. 2. The United States is composed of

35、 fifty states, two of those are separated from the others by land or water. 3. These photos will show you how our village looks like . 4.I cannot make sense of that he said at the meeting. where which what what 八、逻辑错误须关注八、逻辑错误须关注 与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属 于逻辑性错误，如称谓上的于逻辑性错误，如称谓上的张冠李戴张冠李

36、戴。 2014四川卷：四川卷：That night，we sat down to what they thought would be a pleasant, uninterrupted meals. NMET 2015: Some students may also save up for our college or future use. we their 3.I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door but turn on the light. 4.He will s

37、tay there one and two days. 5. There may not be much choice between this one or that. and or and 考点剖析考点剖析: (1) 并列连并列连but ,and ,or, so 等词等词 的混用，常常出现在改错题中。的混用，常常出现在改错题中。 (2) 并列连词和从属连词的混用。并列连词和从属连词的混用。 (3) 平行结构方面的错误。平行结构方面的错误。 常考的错误形式有：常考的错误形式有：连词连词but， and， or和和so的用的用 法错误，以及法错误，以及冠词冠词的用法错误等。的用法错误等。 2o

38、o7全国全国II：I meant to write long letter and tell you all the things Im doing at the school 2007四川卷：四川卷：An Australian farmer found the kangaroo caught in the fence around his farms. a a 九、冠词、连词常光顾九、冠词、连词常光顾 3.I gained so much confidence that I went back to school as new person . 4, With coming of sprin

39、g, grass and trees turn green . 5.When a child is five in England or Wales, his parents must send him to the school . 6.After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened . a the an 2007浙江卷：浙江卷：Today I was having a PE lesson while I fell down and hurt my foot. 2006辽宁卷：辽宁卷：She always made sure that

40、our homework was finished on time, but she marked strictly on our actual performance. 2007四川卷：四川卷： He thought the poor animal was injured, but the kind farmer took off his jacket and put on the animal. when and so 1.30 percent of girls would like to become teachers when only 5 percent of boys want t

41、o do this job. 2.We become more and more impatient of interruptions when the years go on. 3.It was not until it began to rain when I noticed his umbrella left in my car. while as that 冗词的多用冗词的多用 1.Last summer ,I went to Beijing, my first time trip to the city. 2.Two years later, he returned back hom

42、e. 3. It is about 200 miles far away from London. 4)Many students feel it that a popular teacher must be kind and easy-going. 5. The girl is proud of that her family is well descended. 6. Like most of my schoolmates, I have neither brothers nor sisters-in any other words, I am an only child. 7.We ma

43、y be one family and live under the same roof, but we do not seem to get much time to talk about together. 8.(12春季春季) For instance, on one night he played strong and loud music till four o clock in the morning. 9.Evening came down. 10.(NMET13) The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese. At Christmas Eve, Jim went with his 1._ father to choose a Christmas tree. They choose 2._ a big one. It was almost as taller as the room! 3._ They put them in the corner of the sitting 4._ _ on _ chose _ tall _ it 动词形动词形 介词短语常常考，习惯用法要记住介词短语