10非谓语动词-冲刺2020年中考英语小题精练解析版

1、10非谓语动词-冲刺2021年中考英语小题精练序号内容第一局部语法讲解第二局部一、两年年真题、新题精练二、强化与稳固练习三、18年各地真题第一局部：语法讲解一. 非谓语动词的含义非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语，综合这两点，我们将其叫做非谓语动!词。二. 非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。具体形式如下：1. 不定式：to do 表示主动，并且一般表示将来例如：The teacher told us to do morning exercises .老师让我们做早操。2. 动名词：doing 表示主动例如：Travelli n

2、g in space by ordi nary people will be com mon in the future.在未来，普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。3. 现在分词：doing 表示主动和进行例如：He sat there，reading a newspaper.他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。4. 过去分词：done及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成；不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成。polluted river被污染的河流及物动词pollute和river之间是被动关系，即河流被污染fallen leaves落叶不及物动词 fall和leaves之间是主动关系，即叶子落下来注意：非

3、谓语动词本身不能表示现在和过去。非谓语动词表示进行和将来是相对于谓语动作来说的：和谓 语动作同时发生表示进行；发生在谓语动作之后表示将来三非谓语动词的作用非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外，其它所有成分都可以做。具体如下。1. 不定式：做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。To lear n a foreig n Ian guage is difficult .作主语学会一门外语是很难的。It s easy to see their aun作真正主语，it做形式主语很容易见到他们的姑姑。Tom wan ted to have a cup of beer.作宾语汤姆想要喝杯啤酒。His wish is

4、 to be a driver.作表语他的愿望是当一名司机。I have nothing to say.作定语我没有什么可说的。The teacher told us to do morning exercises . 作宾语补足语老师让我们做早操。They went to see their aunt. 目的状语他们去见他们的姑姑。2. 动名词：做主语、宾语、表语、定语。Lear ning En glish is very difficult .作主语学英语非常困难。I enjoy dancing.作动词宾语我喜欢跳舞。I have got used to livi ng in the co

5、untry. 作介词宾语我已经习惯了住农村。His job is driving a bus.作表语18他的工作是开车。a swimmi ng pool 作定语3. 现在分词：做表语、定语、状语和补语。The story is interesting.作表语这个故事有趣。He sat there，reading a newspaper.作状语他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。The area being studied may be rich in coal.作定语这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。He saw the thief steali ng some money from the bank.作

6、宾补他看到小偷正在从银行偷钱。4. 过去分词：做表语、定语、状语和补语。He is interested in the news.作表语他对这那么消息很感兴趣。a polluted river 做定语一条被污染的河流Given more time,I can do my work better. 做状语如果再被多给些时间，我会把工作做得更好。I found my watch stole n.做宾补我发现我的手表被偷了。四.非谓语动词重难点1. 须用省去to的不定式do作宾补的11个动词。五看see watch、notice、observe look at两听hear、listen to三使ma

7、ke、let、have一感觉feel根据谐音记忆法，我们可以记做吾看两厅三室一感觉。例如：I saw a big bird fly over the roof of the house yesterday. 昨天，我看到一只大鸟飞过了屋顶。注意：以上11个动词，也可以接现在分词和过去分词作宾补，但在时间和语态上会有变化，我们以see为例来区分一下。see sb. do sth.看到某人做了某事see sb. doi ng sth.看到某人正在做某事see sb./sth. done看到某人/某物被I see him make the phone call.我看到他打了 。他打 的整个动作我都看

8、见了I see him making a phone call.我看到他正在打 。强调看到他正在打 ，并没有看见全过程.We ofte n see him surro un ded by much work.我们常常看见他被大量的工作包围着.2. 只接不定式不能接动名词作宾语的25个常用动词want、would like、wish、help、hope、lear n、man age offer、pla n、afford、agree arran ge、ask、beg、care、choose、decide、dema nd、determ ine、expect、fear、prepare、prete nd

9、、promise、refuse3. 只接动名词不能接不定式作宾语的28个常用动词practice、 consider、 enjoy、 finish、 give up、 imagine、 keep、 put off、 risk、 suggest、 admit advise、 allow、 appreciate、avoid、delay、deny、discuss、dislike、escape excuse、fancy、forbid、mention、 mind、miss、 permit prohibit4. 既可接不定式也可接动名词，但含义完全不同的8个动词remember to do sth.记住要

10、做某事未做remember doing sth.记得做过某事已做forget to do sth.忘记去做某事未做forget doing sth.忘记做过某事已做regret to do sth.遗憾要做某事未做regret doing sth.懊悔/抱歉做过某事已做try to do sth.努力做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事mean to do sth.方案做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事can t help to do sth不能帮助做某事can t help doing sth情不自禁做某事 go on to do sth.继续做另一件事go on d

11、oing sth.继续做同一件事stop to do sth .停下来去做另一件事stop doing sth.停下正在做的事情第二局部：中考英语语法之一一非谓语动词专项训练一、两年真题、新题精练1. 2021 重庆 A 卷He took off his expensive watchthe fact that he was rich.A. to hide B. Hid C. Hide D. hidde n2. 2021 兰州We are supposedsome housework with our parents when we have free time.A. to share B.

12、shari ng C. shared D. share3. 2021 泰州ln his email, David promised his daughter during her stay in Japan.A. visit ingB. visit C. visited D. to visit4. 2021 哈尔滨改编 Kids like reading stories which can make them .A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughi ng D. laughed5. 2021 合肥 50 中九年级二次质量检测the task before going to

13、 sleep, he continued workingfor 6 hours without a rest.A. FinishB. To finishC. Finishing D. Finished6. 2021 亳州市一模 to smile at your life when you are in trouble, and you will soon be happyaga in.A. Try B. To try C. Tryi ng D. Tried7. 2021 新题When Tom knocked at the door, I was busya model plane with m

14、y brother.A. make B. maki ngC. to make D. makess dan gerous8. 2021 新题His wife advises himanything out of the window while driving. ItA. not throw ingB. not throwC. not to throwD. not throw n9. 2021 新题I saw Tomhis key in the lock, turn it and open the door.A. put B. putt ing C. puts D. to put两年真题、新题参

15、考答案：1. A2. A3. D4. A5. B6. A7. B8. C9. A二、强化与稳固练习I .用所给词的适当形式填空1. Mr. Scott made a livi ng by(sell) old thi ngs.2. Trust him! He has no difficulty(work) out the problem.3. David preferred(sell) n ewspapers to doing housework whe n he was young.4. The student ( name)Wang Lin is my example in English

16、learning.5. Davy enjoys(play) tennis and baseball.n.单项选择1. Do you know whether the manby the door is Mr. Smith?Sure. We ve known each other farlong time.A. sta ndB. sta ndingC. stoodD. sta nds2. It s dangerouswith the wild animal.A. for us to playB. of us play ingC. for us play ingD. of us to play3.

17、 When are you going to have your hair?This after noon.A. cut B. to cut C. cutt ing4. Drivers shouldn t be allowedafter drinking, or they will break the law.A. drive B. driv ing C. to drive5. We don t knowit next. Let s go and ask Mr. Li.A. what to do B. to do whatC. whether to do D. to do whether6.

18、Our En glish teacher en courages uspart in all kinds of after-class activities.A. to take B. takeC. tak ing D. to tak ing7. How kind you are! You always do what you canme.A. help B. help ingC. to help D. helps8. The woma n loves an imals and she triesthese homeless ani mals.A. to hurt B. to eatC. to

19、 help D. to kill9. It s a little cold today. Would you mindthe window?Of course not.A. not ope ningB. not to ope nC. don t openD. no ope ning10. The reporter didn t go to bed until he finished the article.A. writing B. writeC. to write D. wrote强化与稳固练习答案解析：I .用所给词的适当形式填空1. selli ng 2. work ing 3. sel

20、li ng 4. n amed 5. play ingn.单项选择man之间1.【解析】选B。standing by the door是现在分词短语作后置定语表示动作正在进行，与被修饰的存在主动关系。应选B。2. 【解析】选A o It s+adj. +for sb. to doth.意为 做某事对某人 ，其中it为形式主语，动词不定式to playwith the wild animal是真正的主语，应选A。3. 【解析】选A o have sth. done让“被做过去分词作宾语补足语，与所修饰的宾语之间存在被动关系。应选A o4. 【解析】选 Co allow sb. to do sth

21、.允许某人做某事 其被动语态为 sb. be allowed to do sth.某人被允许做某事应选Co5. 【解析】选Co特殊疑问词+ to do在此作know的宾语，再由it可知，句中已有动词do的宾语，应选Co6. 【解析】选 A o encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事。7. 【解析】选C。动词不定式短语to help作目的状语。8. 【解析】选Co try to do sth.努力做某事句意：这位女士喜欢动物，她努力地去帮助这些失去家园的动物。应选C o9. 【解析】选 A o Would you mind doing sth. ? 你介意做某事吗？，其否

22、认形式为 Would you mind not doingsth. ?10. 【解析】选 A o finish doing sth.完成某事。应选 A。三、18年各地真题1. 2021 上海After she finishedthe story, Alice wrote a review for her school newspaper.A. read B. readsC. to read D. readi ng2. 2021 上海1 cant tell you what she said. Ive promisedit a secret.A. keep B. to keepC. keep i

23、ng D. kept3. 2021 天津1 wan ted to see the Beiji ng Opera, so Lin gli ng offeredme to watch an opera.A. took B. takes C. to take D. tak ing4. 2021 重庆 A 卷You should ask Bobhis own clothes. He is ten years old now.A. wash B. washes C. wash ing D. to wash5. 2021 重庆 B 卷Taiji is my favourite and I often pl

24、ay ithealthy.A. to keep B. keeps C. keep ing D. kept6. 2021 河南The boss asked Tim to go andout if there was anyone else absent.A. find B. finding C. to find D. found7. 2021 广东Le on ardo DiCaprio, a famous America n actor, was always expect ingan Oscar and fin allyhe made it.A. to win B. winningC. not

25、 to win D. not winning8. 2021 南京Have you read the book Jane Eyre?Yes. Its a famous book and really worth .A. to read B. readi ng C. to be read D. read9. 2021 兰州The fridge does nt work. Why not con sidera new on e?A. buy B. bought C. to buy D. buying10. 2021 兰州Are you going swimming this afternoon?rd

26、 ratherwith you.A. to go shopp ing B. go shop ingC. to go shop ing D. go shopp ing11. 2021 长沙Janes spoken English is pretty good.Yeah, she works hard and practicesit both in and out of class.A. spoke B. to speak C. speak ing12. 2021 呼和浩特一I tried to make Aliceher mind but I found it difficult.Well, I

27、 saw youthat whe n I went past.A. cha nged; do B. cha nges; doingC. cha nge; to do D. cha nge; doing13. 2021 苏州Our teacher often advises usthe habit of making notes while reading.A. to develop B. developC. to develop ing D. develop ing14. 2021 南充My parents dont allow melate.A. stay up B. to stay upC

28、. stays up D. stay ing up15. 2021 青岛We have worked so long. Shall we stopa rest?A. have B. to havi ng C. hav ing D. to have16. 2021 临沂These people dress themselves in bloody shark suits. They tell peopleshark fins in orderto protect sharks.A. eat B. to eat C. not eat D. not to eat17. 2021 十堰Two disa

29、bled men from Hebei Provinee one is blind and the other has no arms have spent over tenyearstrees together.A. pla nt B. pla nts C. pla nting D. pla nted18. 2021 邵阳She said she hopedher daughter.A. to see B. you to see C. see ing19. 2021 黄石Mount Xiaolei is not far away from here, but it will still ta

30、ke us a few hoursthere bybike.A. getting B. to get C. got D. get20. 2021 郴州一Why are you so excited?Nancy in vited meon a trip to Don gjia ng Lake just now.A. to go B. go C. going21. 2021 宜宾Its getting dark. Youd betterout by yourself. Its dangerous.A. not go B. not to go C. to go22. 2021 阜新A lot of

31、students enjoywith each other to solve the problems in class.A. discuss B. discuss ingC. to discuss D. discussed23. 2021 眉山He realized that America ns can hardly avoidproducts made in China.A. to buy B. buy C. buying D. bought24. 2021 天水There was so much no ise outside that the teacher could nt make

32、 herself.A. hear B. heard C. to hear D. heari ng25. 2021 内江Bad luck! The film star had her legwhile playing a part in a film.A. to break B. break ing C. break D. broke n26. 2021 乐山Tom, please rememberthe lights when you leave.A. turn off B. turning off C. to turn off27. 2021 荆门Would you like to go s

33、wimming in the river, John?Swim? Sorry, our teachers always tell usin the river alone.A. dont swim B. to not swimC. not swim ming D. not to swim28. 2021 徐州David said that the glass was broken and warned meit.A. dont touch B. to not touchC. not to touch D. no touch ing29. 2021 镇江Our country encourage

34、s more studentsfootball. Now many football clubs have been setup in schools.A. play B. playing C. to play D. will play30. 2021 攀枝花Tom has decideda parttime job after he graduates from school.A . do B. to do C. did D . doing31. 2021 株洲The Ch in ese team are worki ng hardhonors in the2021 Olympic Game

35、s.A. to win B. winC. wi nning32. 2021 咸宁What does the sign mean?It tells usin pubilc.A. did nt smoke B. dont smokeC. not to smoke D. not smoke33. 2021 天水The man drew a series of pictures about WeChathow to use this software.A. to show B. showedC. shows D. to show ing34. 2021 荆门My uncle is against wa

36、sting anything.No won der he would ratherthe old bike tha na new one.A. repair; to buy B. to repair; buyC. repair; buy D. to repair; to buy35. 2021 齐齐哈尔 After dinner, he used tocomputer games, but now he gets used to .A. play, walk B. playi ng, walki ng C. play, walki ng36. 2021 齐齐哈尔 We feel likesom

37、e food and drink because well invite some friendsin aparty.A. buying, to join B. to buy, jo ining C. buyin g, jo in37. 2021 巴中Tina is busyat school, but she never forgetsher mother every day.A. work; to call B. work ing; to call C. work ing; calli ng38. 2021 来宾lt is necessary for us studentsthe list

38、ening ability.A. to improve B. improvi ngC. improve D. improves39. 2021 绥化Its our dutyour hometown clean and beautiful. We must do something for it.A. keeping B. keeps C. to keep18年中考英语各地真题答案解析:1. D【解析】考查动名词。句意：爱丽丝读完这个故事后，她为校报写了一个评论。finish doing sth.结束做某事，固定搭配，应选2. B【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：我不能告诉你她说了什么。我已经发誓保

39、守秘密。promise to do sth.许诺做某事，应选 B。3. C【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：我想看京剧，因此玲玲主动提出带我去看一场京剧。offer to do sth.主动提出做某事，固定结构，应选C。ask sb. to do sth.要4. D【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：你应该要求鲍勃洗他自己的衣服。他现在十岁了。求某人做某事，应选5. A【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：太极是我的最爱，我经常通过打太极来保持健康。根据句意，打太极的目的是保持健康。动词不定式作目的状语。应选6. A【解析】考查省略to的动词不定式。句意：老板让蒂姆去查清是否有别的人缺席。根据句子可知，此处an

40、d连接两个并列动词不定式，第二个 to省略。应选 A。7. A【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：莱昂纳多迪卡普里奥，一位著名的美国演员，总是期望获得奥斯卡金奖，最后他做到了。expect (not)to do sth.期望(不)做某事。根据语境应该是期望获得奥斯卡金奖。应选A。8. B【解析】考查动名词。句意你读过?简爱?这本书吗？ 是的。它是一本著名的书，真的值得读。 beworth doing sth.意为 值得做某事。应选B。9. D【解析】考查动名词。句意：这个冰箱不运行了，为什么不考虑买一台新的呢？consider doing sth.考虑做某事，应选Do10. D【解析】考查省略to的

41、动词不定式。句意 今天下午你去游泳吗？我宁愿和你去购物。 would rather dosth.宁愿做某事。shop的ing形式应该双写p。应选D。11. C【解析】考查动名词。句意简的英语口语相当不错。是的，她学得很努力并且在课内外都练习说英语。 practice doing sth练习做某事。应选 C。12. D【解析】考查省略to的动词不定式及现在分词。句意我努力让爱丽丝改变她的主意，但是我发现这是困难的。是的，当我走过的时候我看见你正在做。 make sb. do stl使某人做某事，排除 A、B两项；seesb. doing看见某人在做某事，表示动作正在进行。应选D。13. A【解析

42、】考查动词不定式。句意：我们老师经常建议我们培养读书时记笔记的习惯。advise sb. to do sth.表示建议某人做某事。应选A。14. B【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：我的父母不允许我熬夜很晚。根据固定搭配allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事可知用不定式。应选 B。15. D【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：我们已经工作这么久了。我们停下来休息一下好吗？根据前半句“Wehave worked so long可知表示停下工作去休息。stop to do sth.停下来去做某事。应选D。16. D【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：这些人穿着血腥的鲨鱼服。他们告诉人们为了保护鲨鱼

43、不要吃鱼翅。tell sb. (not) to do sth.为固定搭配，意为 告诉某人(不要)做某事。根据语境可知不要吃鱼翅。应选D。17. C【解析】考查动名词。句意：两个来自河北省的残疾人(一个是盲人，另一个没有双臂 )花了十年多时间一起种树。sb. spend some time (in) doing sth.表示 某人花费一段时间做某事，应选 C。18. A【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：她说她希望见她的女儿。hope to do sth.希望做某事。应选 A。19. B【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：小雷山离这里不远，但骑自行车到那里仍然要花费我们几个小时的时间。固定句式it take

44、s /took + sb. +时间+ to do sth.，做某事花费某人时间，后跟动词不定式作句子的真 正主语，应选B。20. A【解析】考查动词不定式。 句意 你为什么如此兴奋？刚刚南希邀请我去东江湖旅行。 invite sb. to dosth.意为邀请某人做某事，应选A。21. A【解析】考查省略to的动词不定式。句意：天黑了，你最好不要单独出门了，那太危险了。had betternot do sth.最好不做某事。应选 A。22. B【解析】考查动名词。句意：很多学生喜欢在课堂上互相讨论来解决问题。enjoy doing sth.表示 喜欢做某事，应选B。23. C【解析】考查动名词。句意：他意识到美国人几乎不能防止购置中国制造的产品。avoid doing sth.意为防止做某事，应选C。24. B【解析】考查过去分词。句意：外面的噪音太大了以至于老师无法让自己的声音被听到。make+ sb.+done,表示使某人被，根据语境及选项可知是使自己被听到，用过去分词heard。应选 B。25. D【解析】考查过去分词。